· Implementation of research projects is very challenging.docx

· Implementation of research projects is very challenging
· Replacement of traditional practice with Evidence-based
practice takes average of 17 years.
· Increasing access to quality care, provision of affordable
prescription, and others will improve adherence to treatment of
chronic diseases, reduce complications, economic burdens, and
increase the quality of life of the minority populations in
primary care setting, particularly Hemet CaliforniaCorrelation
of Intermittent Fasting to Diabetes Mellitus
(
Significance/Background
I
ntermittent
fasting, in contrast to many other dietary approaches,
emphasizes timing of meals.
Increasing popularity of intermittent fasting as a means of
losing weight and managing chronic diseases is evidence of the
practice's widespread success.
People with diabetes Mellitus often choose to control their
condition by paying more attention to what they eat.

How IF works
Aims
of
the
Study
Using the available evidence, this review aims to provide
suggestions for the safe monitoring of diabetic patients
interested in IF. Animal experiments and religious fasting
schedules are excluded.
)
(
Design/Methods
Articles from reputable academic journals were gathered for a
comprehensive literature evaluation that was conducted with the
use of online databases.
Studies were selected for inclusion in the review using the
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-
Analyses (PRISMA) approach.
Proposed
Interventions
I
ndividualized treatment plans
.
F
requent blood glucose checks
.
P
roper exercise and nutrition.
) (
Expected
Results/

Outcomes
Facilitates increased physical activity and reduced calorie
consumption.
Weight reduction that is manageable.
Decreased levels of insulin.
Triglyceride levels, decreasing your risk of heart disease.
Reduced inflammation and free radical change.
Graphs/Tables
)
(
Anticipated
Conclusions
The purpose of this poster is to raise awareness about the
significance of developing a personalized treatment plan,
monitoring blood glucose levels regularly, and making healthy
lifestyle choices for people with diabetes in order to reduce
their risk of hypoglycemia.
Patients with diabetes may benefit greatly from fasting in terms
of health and quality of life if they get the necessary guidance
and supervision from their healthcare professionals.
Potential
Implications
to
Practice
Fasting may improve the health and well-being of people with
diabetes, and this is especially true when individuals are
supported by their healthcare professionals via education and
monitoring.
Acknowledgements
Grajower M. M. & Horne B. D. (2019). Clinical management of
intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Nutrients
.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040873
)
TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008
www.PosterPresentations.com
image1.wmf
image2.png
Interview Checklist Sheet
Name of Practitioner:
__________________________________
Initials of Volunteer:
__________________________________
Date:
__________________________________
Skill Set:
Building Relationships
Check if observed
Attending (Did you do/have the following?)
Open and accessible body posture
Congruent facial expression (matches body language and words)

Slightly inclined toward client (not leaning back)
Regular, appropriate eye contact
No distracting behaviors (fidgeting, tapping pencil, swinging
legs, etc)
Minimal encouragement (nod head occasionally, mhmm, etc)
Notes:
Observing (Did you pay attention to the following in your
client?)
Check if observed
Client’s facial expressions
Eye contact
Body position and movement
Breathing Patterns
Muscle tone (relaxed, tense, shaky?)

Gestures
Skin tone changes (did they flush, grow pale, become sweaty?)
Notes:
*****************************************************
***************
*************
Refer to Appendix A in text, page 223-224 & assess
performance in the following:
Level 1,3,or 5
Listening: Content and Process Evaluation Scale
Empathy Evaluation Scale
Warmth Evaluation Scale

Respect Evaluation Scale
Genuineness Evaluation Scale
Notes:
HS1500 Helping Relationships
Homework Assignment for Module One
Practice Interview Paper
For this assignment you will interview a volunteer for a
minimum of 10-15 minutes. Your volunteer must be an adult
aged 21 or older. They must give you their permission to
participate in the interview and you must explain to them that
you will be using the content of the interview in your paper for

this class. You will indicate that you have obtained permission
and informed them about the purpose in your paper.
Have your volunteer client think of a problem, concern or issue
that they feel strongly about. It should be something that they
feel strongly enough about that they can speak easily for 10-15
minutes. Please make sure it is not a serious problem or issue
of a deeply personal nature. This should be something that you
as a student are equipped to listen to and ask a few clarifying
questions about.
You will be recording (in writing) information regarding your
interview, your reaction and your volunteer’s reaction to the
process. You will provide some basic demographic data but no
identifying information (i.e. name, address, and so on) should
be used in your paper.
Use the checklist provided on Blackboard. You will submit the
completed checklist along with your summary paper. You are
welcome to handwrite information on this form and scan a copy
but you are also welcome to type into the form and attach a
copy of the completed Word document.
Your paper and the checklist form must both be uploaded to
Blackboard by the due date listed on your course schedule.
Complete your paper using the following outline:
· Brief description of client:
Include basic information about the client including initials,
gender, approximate age, and any other information they share.
Include a statement that you informed your volunteer that this
was for a class assignment and that you obtained permission
from them to write about your interview with them.
· Brief summary of the client’s problem or issue:
In a few sentences or a brief paragraph, describe what the client
talked about.
· Assessment of your performance:
Referring to the checklist you completed, describe what things
you did well. Describe what you things you did not do so well.

· Subjective Experience – Personal Reaction:
Describe what this activity was like for you. Was it fun?
Difficult? Scary? Be sure to include detail and explanation, not
just a single word.
Describe what this activity was like for your volunteer. Was it
fun? Difficult? Scary? Be sure to include detail and
explanation, not just a single word.
Specifics:
Your paper should follow basic APA formatting, including 12
point font, 1 inch margins, and double-spacing. A complete
paper that responds fully to all sections will most likely be
between 1-2 pages in length.
SCOT Analysis

Proposed Project
Problem: Obesity is a huge contributor to the prevalence of
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Proposed
Solution
: Use of Intermittent fasting (IF) to manage glucose levels in
people with T2DM.
Rationale: Dietary modifications are relatively effective in
alleviating diabetic-related problems (Zang, et al., 2022).

SCOT Analysis of Proposed ProjectStrengths
Helps decrease systematic inflammation.
Enhances sensitivity of insulin.
Improves cholesterol levels.
Helps in weight loss without loss of muscle mass (Magkos, et
al., 2020). Opportunities
Can be used for other dietary-related diseases like heart disease
(Magkos, et al., 2020).
Can help inform future research/studies regarding underlying
causes of T2DM. Challenges
Insulin resistance of the participant.
Poor dieting of the participant.
Failure to adhere to scheduled eating and fasting windows
(Khursheed, et al., 2019).
Inactive lifestyle of the participant.Threats
May increase the risk of gallstones.
May interfere with proper digestion (Khursheed, et al., 2019).
May interfere with hormonal functioning, for instance,
production of testosterone.

References
Khursheed, R., Singh, S. K., Wadhwa, S., Kapoor, B., Gulati,
M., Kumar, R.,
& Dua, K. (2019). Treatment strategies against diabetes:
Success so far
and challenges ahead. European Journal of Pharmacology, 862,
172625.
Magkos, F., Hjorth, M. F., & Astrup, A. (2020). Diet and
exercise in the
prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature
Reviews
Endocrinology, 16(10), 545-555.
Zang, B., He, L.X., & Xue, L. (2022). Intermittent fasting:
Potential bridge
of obesity and diabetes to health? Nutrients 14(5): 981.

image1.png
2
Correlation of Intermittent Fasting to Diabetes Mellitus
Student’s name
Instructor

Course
Date
ABSTRACT
Low insulin production and high blood sugar levels are the
markers of diabetes mellitus (Grajower & Horne, 2019). About
10% of the American population has diabetes mellitus, and
many of these patients might benefit from intermittent fasting
(Grajower & Horne, 2019). Managing diabetes by fasting is
only one option among several that diabetic patients might
choose, especially with the rise in popularity of intermittent
fasting as a means to reduce weight and treat chronic illness.
While dietary and lifestyle changes and antidiabetic medication
may help manage diabetes, data on the efficacy of IF alone in
this regard is scant. This analysis aimed to determine whether or
not IF positively affects type 1 or type 2 diabetics by
identifying clinically relevant human research. The PRISMA

procedure was used to systematically review the relevant
literature. The goal was to find studies that looked at how
fasting affected individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Blood plasma glucose levels (mmol/L), hemoglobin A1C
percentages (%), and total body mass (kg) were the primary
outcomes of interest in this meta-analysis. For adults, we found
four RCTs and one case report on the effects of fasting on
diabetes. All of the trials found evidence of beneficial effects
on weight, glycemic control (via antidiabetic medication with
A1C and/or fasting plasma glucose), and/or fasting insulin
levels. Fasting is an option that patients with diabetes may
discuss with their doctors in order to better control their
condition. Healthcare providers can use this and other easily
accessible research to help them make suggestions and keep an
eye on things in a safe way. Further research is needed to make
reliable statements about IF's long-term effects among diabetic
patients.
Reference
Grajower M. M. & Horne B. D. (2019). Clinical management of
intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040873
Project Interventions

Student
Course
Professor
Date
Evidence-based data for the proposed interventions
The evidence-based data to support the proposed intervention
are based on peer-reviewed articles and experimental research.
The information collected helps in the quantification of the IF's
potential to assist in the improvement of insulin sensitivity and
reducing the fasting insulin levels. The research makes it easier
to identify the impact of the treatment on the outcomes by
causing a decrease in the influence of the confounding factors.
The research findings also make it possible to determine
individuals' ability to take full control of their health and make
some positive changes (Vitale & Kim, 2020). These are
essential factors that play an important role in implementing

intermittent fasting (IF) for successfully managing glucose
levels in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Factors that can Influence the Use of the Proposed Interventions
Various factors can affect the implementation of the IF to help
in the successful management of glucose. Patients themselves
influence the first factors, which include the patients' insulin
resistance, failure to adhere to healthy behaviors like poor
dieting and scheduled eating and fasting windows, and the
participant's inactive lifestyle. Another factor is the
commitment from the stakeholders in the implementation
process (Vitale & Kim, 2020). The commitment from healthcare
providers and patients or participants impacts the use of the
proposed intervention.
Barriers Associated with the Proposed Interventions
Various factors act as a roadblock to successfully implementing
the proposed interventions. The first barrier is the lack of
support from the primary care providers. These providers might
resist changes, thus making it hard to achieve the objective. The
other barrier is the lack of support from the management,

especially concerning the provision of the required resources
(Purvis, 2018). The patient's resistance to the proposed new
treatment interventions is the other challenge.
Resources Required
The first resource is the glucometer that will be used to measure
fasting blood sugar. The other resource is the notebook, where
the data collected will be recorded to monitor the patients'
progress in blood glucose control. A clock or a watch will also
be required to guide the patients and providers on the specific
time that food should be taken (Vitale & Kim, 2020). Other
resources include drinking water, tea, coffee, and other non-
caloric beverages.
Sequence of the events and activities to be implemented
The first step is the collection of the baseline data, i.e., the
records of the blood sugar readings before implementing the IF.
The collected data will guide on whether there is an
improvement or positive changes made by the proposed
intervention. The next step is to inform the patients and
providers about the proposed intervention of the IF and how it
is likely to improve blood sugar management. The providers are
also informed about each role in the implementation process.

This procedure is crucial since it aims to reduce the resistance
level. The next step is the implementation process that involves
fasting, whereby patients have fasting time and eating window.
For a start, they can start with 12 hours fast, have a 12-hour
eating window, and then build up to a 16:8 schedule. From
there, patients then transition to a smaller eating window.
During the implementation, the fasting blood sugar readings are
taken and compared to the previous reading before
implementation to determine whether there is a positive change
or improvement.
Monitoring, Tracking, and Ongoing
The implementation process involves the relevant stakeholders,
especially healthcare providers, who will guide the
implementation procedure. The providers such as nutritionists,
endocrinologists, physicians, and nurses will ensure that there is
an adherence to the procedure. The adjustment can be made
through changes in the diet and timing to ensure that the
procedure heads in the right direction. Patients will be
monitored on the type of meals they take rather than avoid the
fasting process (Vitale & Kim, 2020). During this time, only the
recommended diet are taken by the patients.
Performance of Tasks for the Implementation

Patients with type 2 diabetes will be subjected to IF to
determine whether there is an improvement in their glucose
levels. Positive outcomes show better quality of life.
Nutritionists such as Ivy Kristie help develop the fasting routine
and identify suitable meals for the patient. Sue Bell, the
Endocrinologist, helps with examining the effect of IF on type 2
diabetes and deducing the positive and negative effects of the
intervention. Jason McCallister, a physician, helped review how
the intervention impacts type 2 diabetes of the patient and other
issues. Daisy Blue, a nurse, assists with the implementation
process by incorporating the inputs of other stakeholders to
attain the desirable outcomes.
Strategies facilitating the Implementation of the Proposed
It is crucial to inform the stakeholders to avoid high resistance.
Collaboration is necessary to ensure that each procedure or step
is implemented effectively. It is crucial to gain support from the
primary care providers by sharing the findings with them
(Kirchner et al., 2020). Patients must understand the importance
of the IF intervention in managing their type 2 diabetes
condition.
Timeline

The implementation process is expected to take around three
months. This time is adequate to help confirm the effectiveness
of the proposed intervention of IF in managing the blood sugar
level of patients.
Anticipated Outcomes
The expected outcome from the proposed intervention of the IF
is attaining normal and healthy blood glucose levels.
Consequently, there will be a low rate of systematic
inflammation, improvement in the sensitivity to insulin,
improved cholesterol levels, and reduction or successful
maintenance of average healthy weight.
References
Kirchner, J. E., Smith, J. L., Powell, B. J., Waltz, T. J., &
Proctor, E. K. (2020). Getting a clinical innovation into
practice: an introduction to implementation strategies.
Psychiatry Research, 283, 112467.
Purvis, R. L. (2018). What’s in it for me? Using expectancy
theory and climate to explain stakeholder participation, its
direction and intensity.
International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 3-
14.

Vitale, R., & Kim, Y. (2020). The effects of intermittent fasting
on glycemic control and body composition in adults with
obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Metabolic
Syndrome and Related Disorders, 18(10), 450-461.
Methods/Design, Statistical Analysis
Student
Course
Professor
Date
The evaluative criteria (Indicators or variables) to be addressed
in answering each evaluation question
The success of the proposed capstone project is based on the

evaluation process to determine whether an improvement is
being made. The research on the effectiveness of intermittent
fasting (IF) in management is guided by the evaluation criteria
important in revealing the existing gaps in the IF intervention.
Therefore, the evaluation criteria adopted are based on
comparing the outcomes of the implementation program of IF
and then compared to the baseline data before the
implementation process. The two data are compared to look at
the differences. The success of the implementation process is
expected to reveal a positive result. In this case, the collection
of baseline data and data after implementation is based on key
indicators or variables (Vitale, R., & Kim, 2020). The major
variables are IF (independent) and glucose levels (dependent).
Other dependent variables playing a role in influencing glucose
levels are cholesterol levels, weight, and sensitivity to insulin
which is indicated by the HbA1c.
The research methodologies strategies to be utilized in
answering each question and their suitability
The research approaches to be adopted will involve the
literature review; in this case, systemic review articles will be
targeted. The search for relevant articles will focus on the role
of IF in managing blood glucose levels. The relevant articles
will be searched using useful databases such as PubMed,
Medline, Cochrane, and Embase. The search for relevant

articles will also be based on the key terms (Melynk & Fineout-
Overholt, 2018). The findings from the selected articles will be
important in revealing the impact of the IF on the successful
management of the blood sugar level. The outcomes of this
study will reveal whether IF helps reduce body weight and
increases insulin sensitivity.
How data will be collected concerning the evaluative criteria or
indicators
The first data will be the baseline data that will be collected
using patient history about the previous values of the blood
glucose levels. Upon approval by the patients, information from
healthcare facilities can be relied on for the data sources. Other
sources of data will be from the implementation program of IF.
In this case, the selected participants will have to record their
daily values of blood sugar level and weight for continuous
evaluation. The collection of the data will be carried out
through the implementation period.
The exact data to be collected, when, and by whom
Data collection will be a collaborative work from the providers,
patients, and family members or caregivers. Healthcare
providers such as nurses, physicians, endocrinologists or
nutritionists will work with the patients to ensure data such as
the body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, blood sugar level, HDL

cholesterol values, and body weight.
Data collection tools in terms of their development and
suitability in responding to questions
The collection of data will be based on experimentation and
observation strategies. The baseline data are collected before
implementation. The collected data is then compared to the
outcome of the implementation. The experimental approach is
whereby the participants are involved in the IF practice to help
in the achievement of the objectives. Patients will be required to
adhere to a healthy diet and engage in other recommended
interventions to ensure a drop or effective management of their
blood sugar.
Information on validity or reliability of tools
The information collected based on observing the baseline data
collected from the healthcare facilities or patient history is
authentic since it is based on the healthcare providers' values.
The information collected through experimental work
throughout the implementation procedure depends on the
patient's adherence to the healthcare providers'
recommendations (Grajower & Horne, 2019). However, it is
expected that the data generated will be authentic since there
will be a follow-up procedure.

The reason why data collection techniques are suitable to
research strategy, type of data, and purpose of evaluation
The data collection methods adopted will be appropriate since
they are based on tasks performed by the providers or patients
under the supervision of the providers. Data collected based on
observation and experiment in this scenario are based on first-
hand information.
How to analyze data, including the specific test to use
The analysis of the data will be based on the quantitative
method; therefore, the statistical technique to be adopted is the
chi-square test. This test is important in determining whether
there is a link between the key variables in the research project.
The project IF is an absolute value that is expected to help in
the reduction of infection rates in the facility. Using chi-square
as a statistical technique allows having cross-tabulation of the
IF amongst patients. The method also objectively compares the
observed and expected percentages from the implementation.

References
Grajower, M. M., & Horne, B. D. (2019). Clinical management
of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes
mellitus. Nutrients, 11(4), 873.
Melynk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based
practice in nursing healthcare: A guide to best practice (4 ed.).
Wolters Kluwer.
obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Metabolic
Syndrome and Related Disorders, 18(10), 450-461.

Stakeholders
Student
Course
Professor
Date
Stakeholders
The capstone project explores the correlation of intermittent
fasting (IF) to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The objective
is to manage glucose levels in people with T2DM using IF. This
paper reviews the stakeholders that will play a major part in the
study. The table below identifies key stakeholders that will be
interested in the project results, describes their roles, and
reveals if they are supportive to the project.
Stakeholder

Roles
Alex Green: Patient with T2DM
This stakeholder will be the test subject. He will be subjected to
IF to see if his glucose levels will improve. A positive result
will help him live a better-quality life.
Ivy Kristie: Nutritionist
This stakeholder will be responsible for coming up with the
fasting routine and identifying proper meals for the patient.
Sue Bell: Endocrinologist
This stakeholder will examine the impact of the IF on the T2DM
and deduce the positive and negative impacts of the
intervention.
Jason McCallister: Physician
This stakeholder will review how the intervention affects the
patient’s T2DM and other unrelated health concerns.
Daisy Blue: Nurse
This stakeholder will be responsible for implementing the
intervention and incorporating the input of the endocrinologist,
the physician, and the patient to achieve desirable outcomes.
Promoting Stakeholder Participation
The first step is to identify the stakeholders early. This ensures
that there is ample time to engage them and allow them to
interact with each other. Next, each stakeholder will be

sensitized on the significance of the project and how it will
directly affect them. Once they understand the importance of
the project, the stakeholders will be encouraged to interact with
each other and provide feedback on how best to meet the
objectives of the project. Through this collaboration, each
stakeholder will feel valued and get the motivation to be
personally involved in the project (Purvis, 2018). This way, the
facilitator will ensure that there are several effective
communication channels, which will be essential in promoting
stakeholder participation.
Possible Concerns/Barriers from Stakeholders
For starters, there is the issue of competing priorities. Each
stakeholder may have a priority that does not resonate with the
others. This may result in friction where a consensus on how
best to run the project is not reached. It is vital to incorporate
effective conflict management strategies to mitigate this
problem (Purvis, 2018). Another issue is that of resource
constraints. Depending on the input of the stakeholders, it may
be challenging to get all the necessary resources required to
adequately cover the project goals. Hence, it is vital to cut costs
by identifying the most integral aspects of the projects and
foregoing the minor ones.
Strategies to Gain Support/Assistance from Stakeholders
One has to identify triggers and mitigation measures. Since each
stakeholder has unique needs and will react differently to

project actions, the facilitator must know how best to approach
them and get them to collaborate (Harris et al., 2019). Also, it is
vital for each stakeholder to have a say in the project. This
makes everyone feel valued and ready to participate.
References
Harris, J., Croot, L., Thompson, J., & Springett, J. (2019). How
stakeholder participation can contribute to systematic reviews
of complex interventions.
J Epidemiol Community Health,
70(2), 207-214.
Purvis, R. L. (2018). What's in it for me? Using expectancy
theory and climate to explain stakeholder participation, its
direction and intensity.
International Journal of Project Management,
33(1), 3-14.

Correlation of Intermittent Fasting to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Student
Course
Prof
Date
Correlation of Intermittent Fasting to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
A research project's theoretical framework is a useful starting
point since it serves as a blueprint for the whole paper. This
capstone work is intended to be theoretically grounded in
Dorothea Orem's Self-care Theory. Clinically, Orem's self-care
model is one of the complete models for laying out the
foundations of effective self-care and assisting patients in
putting those foundations into practice (Tanaka, 2022). This
idea is appropriate for the capstone since it emphasizes the
person and their ability to make changes to improve their
health.

Orem's idea rests on these three tenets:
Self-care deficit: Due to incompetence or ignorance, the person
cannot care for themselves.
Nursing system: The patient has the capacity to care for
themselves, yet they need nursing care.
Self-care requisites: The person is capable of taking care of
herself and has access to the resources she needs to do so.
Orem's theory lends itself to the following types of empirical
investigation:
Case study: This method might investigate how a person can
take control of their health and improve it via deliberate
behavior change.
Survey: Individuals' attitudes and practices towards health care
might benefit from this method.
Experimental: This method might be used to examine how IF
improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood insulin levels.
Both quantitative and qualitative approaches apply to the
investigation of the Orem hypothesis. In order to measure the
impact of IF on insulin sensitivity and blood insulin levels,
quantitative methods would be most beneficial. Qualitative
methodologies are warranted when investigating the person and
their agency regarding their health. Experimental research
would be the best choice for quantifying IF's potential to
improve insulin sensitivity and lower fasting insulin levels.

This research design would make it possible to isolate the
impact of the treatment on the result by reducing the influence
of confounding factors (Rosman et al., 2022). Case studies and
surveys are two of the best qualitative research approaches for
examining a person and their capacity to take control of their
health and make positive changes. These approaches would
make it possible to inquire deeply into people's attitudes and
practices toward their health. When a researcher employs either
of these methods, they get a more significant say over the scope
of the study, the variables used, and the kinds of questions
asked. As a result, the researcher will have concrete data to
provide, such as the percentage of patients who stick to IF vs.
those who do not and how it stacks up against the absence of
provider education and teamwork in healthcare meant to lower
DM readmissions (Yip, 2021).
To determine whether or not the program or initiative is
successful, one may utilize the theoretical framework to
determine how effectively it caters to the demands of the target
audience (diabetic patients). We may also use the approach to
evaluate the tailoring of a program or project to a specific
person's requirements. The core tenet of the Orem model is that
people may take control of their health and well-being by
making confident lifestyle choices. Since this theory
emphasizes each person's role in influencing their health, it is a

good fit for assessing the program or initiative. Given its
emphasis on one's agency in influencing one's health, Orem's
theory is a helpful framework for evaluating the project's
success. Due to its inability to account for non-medical
contexts, such as environmental and social factors that affect
health, the theory does not help assess the program's
effectiveness (Grajower & Horne, 2019).
References
Grajower, M. M., & Horne, B. D. (2019). Clinical management
of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Nutrients,
11(4), 873.
Rosman, J., Eriksson, J. W., Martinell, M., Olinder, A. L., &
Leksell, J. (2022). Protocol: Individual goal-based plan based
on nursing theory for adults with type 2 diabetes and self-care
deficits: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.
BMJ Open,
12(3).
Tanaka, M. (2022, May). Orem's nursing self-care deficit
theory: A theoretical analysis focusing on its philosophical and
sociological foundation. In
Nursing Forum (Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 480–485).

Yip, J. Y. C. (2021). Theory-based advanced nursing practice: A
practice update on the application of Orem's self-care deficit
nursing theory.
SAGE Open Nursing,
7, 23779608211011993.
Theory Logic Model for Project
Student
Prof
Course
Date
Project context: The present study's goal is to evaluate IF's
safety and effectiveness to those of conventional treatment for
persons who have type 2 diabetes.
Problem: The prevalence of obesity, which has been on the rise
for decades, is a potential contributor to the development of
prediabetes and diabetes. There seems to be a strong correlation

between obesity and diabetes, since the prevalence of both
conditions is increasing. Ten percent of the U.S. population has
type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ((Zang, He & Xue, 2022).
Project impact: However, it is possible to promote and safely
adopt IF among persons with diabetes by adjusting their
medications and engaging in self-monitoring of blood glucose
levels.
Outcome: Substantial weight reduction and improvements in
glucose regulation ensued with IF. In certain cases, insulin
resistance may improve with IF (Vitale & Kim, 2020).
Proposed solution: Managing glucose levels in individuals with
type 2 diabetes using IF.

Correlation of Intermittent Fasting (IF) to Type Two Diabetes
Mellitus T2DM
Factors influencing selected strategy:
1. Insulin resistance.
2. Poor dieting.
3. Failure to adhere to scheduled eating and fasting windows.
4. Inactive lifestyle.
Evidence base supported solution: Diabetic-related problems
may be effectively treated and prevented with dietary
modifications, as affirmed by both clinical practice and the
majority of national diabetes organizations (Zang, He & Xue,
2022). Intermittent fasting is only one of numerous nutritional
therapies that may be tried. A dietary intervention that shifts the
length of the overnight fast from 12 to 18 or 20 hours may be
useful as an additional dietary approach in the treatment of
diabetes mellitus (Vitale & Kim, 2020).

References
obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders,
18(10), 450-461.
Zang, B. Y., He, L. X., & Xue, L. (2022). Intermittent Fasting:
Potential Bridge of Obesity and Diabetes to Health?.
Nutrients,
14(5), 981.

· Implementation of research projects is very challenging.docx

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