Floods are one of the most severe disasters affecting people across the world. India is the worst flood-affected country in the world. Nearly 75 percent of the total Indian rainfall is concentrated over a short monsoon season of four months (June-September). As a result, the rivers witnessed heavy discharge during these months, leading to widespread floods. According to the National Flood Commission, about 40 million hectares of land in the country are liable to floods, and an average of 18.6 million hectares of land is affected annually. The most flood-prone areas in the country are the Brahmaputra, Ganga, and Meghana River basins in North and North-east India. These rivers carry 60 percent of the nation's total river flow. In the last decade, the country has tolerated disastrous flooding. When floods occur, they can effectively wipe out decades of investments in infrastructure, seriously cripple economic prosperity, and result in thousands of deaths and epidemics. The majority of the deaths associated with such disasters can be found within the most vulnerable members of society.

1. “Impact of Flood on Lives and Livelihoods of People:
A Sociological Study”
Research Synopsis
For the Award of Ph.D. Degree in Sociology
Submitted by
Mr.Shivappa Handigund
Research Scholar
Department of P.G. Studies & Research in Sociology
Rani Channamma University, Belagavi
Research Guide:
Dr. Chandrika K. B.
Professor
Department of P.G. Studies & Research in Sociology
Rani Channamma University, Belagavi
RANI CHANNAMMA UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI- 591156
KARNATAKA STATE, INDIA
April - 2024

2. INTRODUCTION:
 Floods are one of the most severe disasters affecting people across the
world. India is the worst flood-affected country in the world.
 . Nearly 75 percent of the total Indian rainfall is concentrated over a short
monsoon season of four months (June-September). As a result, the rivers
witnessed heavy discharge during these months, leading to widespread
floods.
 According to the National Flood Commission, about 40 million hectares of
land in the country are liable to floods, and an average of 18.6 million hectares
of land is affected annually
 The most flood-prone areas in the country are the Brahmaputra, Ganga, and
Meghana River basins in North and North-east India. These rivers carry 60
percent of the nation's total river flow.
 In the last decade, the country has tolerated disastrous flooding. When floods
occur, they can effectively wipe out decades of investments in infrastructure,
seriously cripple economic prosperity, and result in thousands of deaths and
epidemics. The majority of the deaths associated with such disasters can be
found within the most vulnerable members of society.

3.  Karnataka State has been experiencing severe floods in recent decades so that
people are facing lot of problems in their life .
 Karnataka is the 8th largest State in India, prone to various natural disasters,
mainly drought and flood. Floods have been one of Karnataka's most common
and recurring natural disasters in the last decades.
 Once drought and again flood usually hit the lives of farmers, making their
lives hard without the comforts.
 Despite all the measures taken by the Govt. , NGOs and community, People
faced unseen problems. It badly impacted the lives and livelihoods of people
 In 2005,2015,2018,2019,2020 and 2021, North Karnataka faced heavy rain fall
and flooding so that people lost their lives and livelihoods in spite of all the
measures taken by the Govt, NGOs, Community, and others .
 The present sociological study concentrates on two villages, Jambagi K D and
Takkalaki of Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot district, Karnataka state. Which was
affected much by flooding.

4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS:
Natural disaster:
A "natural disaster" refers to an extreme event caused by natural
processes of the Earth, which results in significant destruction, disruption,
and loss of life or property. These events occur without human
intervention and can impact communities, ecosystems, and economies.
Flood: A flood is a natural disaster when water flows over usually dry
land. And it can happen because of heavy rain, storm surges, or melting
snow quickly.
Impact of Flood: Flood "impact" refers to flood effects, consequences,
and outcomes. These impacts might be physical, personal, economic,
environmental, and societal.

5. Lives: "Lives" refers to people's collective existence, experiences, and well-being in a
community or social group. It includes physical, emotional, social, and cultural
facets of human existence.
Livelihoods: "Livelihoods" refers to how individuals and households sustain their
basic needs, earn a living, and maintain their well-being. It encompasses diverse
activities, assets, and resources that people utilize to support themselves and their
families.

6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
A review of past studies is essential for every research as it provides
empirical proof to support the present study's findings. Hence, an effort was
made to review the available literature on various aspects and the available
literature has been organised as follows:
T.S. Popivanova, A. Uzunova and T. Mmineva (1994), in their work on ‘The
impact of hostel lifestyle on the health status of students’,
Amrit Nath Mishra (1994), in his study on ‘Students and the hostel life: A study of
university students’,
Mimrot (2012), in the study ‘A comparative study on the effect of residential area on
the emotional intelligence of the std.10 female students staying in hostel and in residence
(home
Bhavana Sharma (2018), in her study on the ‘Impact of hostel life on personality
development and self-management skills amongst a female students in Rajasthan’,

7. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY:
 In this 21st century, women leave home for various purposes and stay in
hostels. Living in the hostel, away from family for a specific period of time leaves
some experiences in the life of female/ women students.
 The study helps the women hostelites parents and teachers to understand
the nature of hostel life and academic performance.
 Hence, the study on 'Women Hostelites: A Sociological Study' is significant
to study because women represent the culture of their place, and later, it
influences their parent's home and their homes after marriage. They provide
better information about their experience of hostel life.
 The study will assist the respondents to overcome problems and challenges
they face during their hostel stay. The findings of the study will help to improve
Government hostel facilities in Belagavi.

8. Theories:
The present study focuses on women Hostelites in Belagavi city. The study
attempts to understand the notion of ‘womenhood’ in modern society through the
study of institution of hostel. In this study two theories are applied.
Feminist theory
Structural-functionalist perspective

9. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The major objectives of the study are:
•To study the socio-economic background of the women hostelites.
•To understand the housing needs of the respondents in the hostel.
•To know the respondents satisfaction with the hostel facilities.
•To study the influence of multicultural peer group.
•To understand the Backward Classes and Minority Hostels different
schemes.
•To understand development of the institution of Hostel especially for
accommodating women in cities like Belagavi.
•To understand the impact of hostel life on the respondents.
•To understand the challenges faced by the respondents.
•To ascertain whether hostel as an institution is indispensable in nature
•To study the Hostel facilities provided by Government.

10. HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY:
On the basis of available literature and exposure of the researcher the following
hypotheses were framed for testing:
•Majority of the Women hostelites have poor economic background.
•Majority of the Respondent's parents are non- graduates.
•Majority of the Respondent's are weaker section.
•Majority of the Respondent's faced many challenges.
•Hostel life influenced on Majority of the Respondent's
•Majority of the Respondent's follow the modern culture.
•Majority of the Respondent's were from the district of Belagavi
•Have bettered their future / career staying away from home
•In hostels with minimal comfort / only with Poor/basic infrastructure.
•Majority of the hostels provide accommodation on sharing basis.
•Majority of the respondent's staying away from family is major reason that causes
rejecting hostel life.
•Majority of the respondents are staying in the hostel are aware about the rules and
regulations framed by the management of the hostel.
•Majority of the respondents their satisfaction level is low towards mess available in
the hostel.
•Majority of the respondents have cordial relationship with the hostel staff.
•Majority of the respondents are low satisfied.

11. STUDY AREA:
 Out of the thirty (30) districts in the state of Karnataka, Belagavi is one and it is acclaimed as the
second capital of the state. In ancient times, Belagavi was known as ‘Venugrama’ or the ‘Bamboo
Village’.
 On 1st November 2014, the Government of Karnataka changed the name of Belgaum to Belagavi
with the approval of the central Government of India. The city has cut itself another name, 'Kunda
Nagari' due to its well-known sweet dish ‘Kunda’.
 Geographically, Belagavi lies in the north-western parts of Karnataka and is the border to two
states viz., Maharashtra and Goa.
 Belagavi has an average elevation of 751 meters or 2463 feet. Belagavi is the fifth biggest city in the
province of Karnataka, after Bengaluru, Hubli-Dharwad, Mysuru, and Kalaburgi. Since 2006, Belagavi
has been a permanent venue for the annual 15-day winter session of the state legislature.
 Under Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi’s flagship the scheme of ‘Smart Cities Mission’ was
initiated and Belagavi was selected in the first phase of twenty (20) cities, as one of the 100 Indian cities
to be developed as a 'Smart City’.

12. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
This present study deals with the research methods followed in ‘Women
Hostelites: A Sociological Study’. It will be relevant to spell out the methodology
employed in data collection for this study after an introduction and literature
review on the topic dealt with in the preceding chapters. This part elaborates on
various techniques for collecting qualitative and quantitative data for the research
problem concerning the student women's hostels in Belagavi City. The researcher
intends to adopt a qualitative approach to comprehend the dynamics of the area of
research. The analysis of the data collected on behavioural patterns and the nature
of interactions; is expected to provide better insights into the functioning of the
girl student's hostels.

13. Name of the Women Hostels
Total
Strengt
h
Sample
Selection
(60%/1173x
100)
D. Devaraj Arasu Post Metric Girls Hostel, Subhash Nagar, Belagavi. 168 101
D.Devaraj Arasu Post Metric Girls Hostel, Ramatirth Nagar, Belagavi. 133 80
D. Devaraj Arasu Post Metric Girls Hostel, Azam Nagar, Belagavi. 127 75
D. Devaraj Arasu Post Metric Girls Hostel, Town-02, Belagavi. 123 75
Minority Post Metric Girls Hostel, Subhash Nagar, Belagavi. 140 85
Minority Post Metric Girls Hostel, Subhash Nagar, Town -2, Belagavi 140 85
Minority Working Women’s Hostel, Subhash Nagar, Belagavi. 102 62
Social Welfare Post Metric Girls Hostel, Belagavi. 130 76
Social Welfare Post Metric Girls Hostel, Sadashiv Nagar, Belagavi. 110 65
Total No. of Women Hostelites 1173 704
LIMITATION AND SAMPLING OF THE STUDY:
In Belagavi city, more than 5,000 thousand students reside in the hostels. There are
thirty (30) hostels (2021-22) exclusively for girls/women and out of them, nine (09) are
Government hostels, and remaining twenty-one (21) are private hostels.
For the present study all the nine (09) Government Women Hostels of Belagavi city are
considered. The total strength of these nine (09) hostels was 1173 (2021-22). With the help of
'Simple Random Sampling', researcher considered 60 per cent of the total strength (1,173) i.e.
Seven Hundred and Four (704) of the respondents is selected for the study and they are as
follows:
Table - 1
Government Women Hostels at Belagavi City:

14. DATA PROCESSING AND DATA ANALYSIS:
With regards to the data collection from the women hostelites, the complete field work
was done in the year 2021-2022 with the help of structured interview schedule and observation
method and they were tested before finalisation.
 Interview Schedule:
The interview schedule was framed to interview the selected women hostelites
(respondents). The schedule was framed considering the objectives and hypothesis outlined
earlier. To know the understanding and responses of the respondents about the words and
questions set in the interview schedule, a pilot study was conducted and few sampled
respondents were interviewed. After knowing the respondents' responses, the interview
schedule was slightly restructured with research guide’s comments and suggestions.
 Interview Process:
The researcher contacted all the selected respondents personally and introduced herself to
get a response. The researcher took sufficient care to use the interview technique for collecting
data from the respondents, established a good rapport with the respondents and made
understand the objectives/purpose of the study and took the respondents in confidence.

15. ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY:
The research study is classified with seven (07) chapter scheme and they
are as follows:
Chapter – I: Introduction
Chapter – II: Review of Literature
Chapter – III: Research Methodology
Chapter – IV: Socio-Economic Status of Respondents
Chapter – V: Impact of Hostel Life on the Respondents
Chapter – VII: Findings, Summary and Conclusion