This document discusses international marketing and provides definitions, characteristics, objectives, and challenges. It defines international marketing as marketing activities that cross national boundaries. The key points covered are:
- International marketing involves identifying customer needs in foreign markets and making marketing mix decisions for diverse international customers.
- Characteristics include the dominance of multinationals, large scale operations, and restrictions from trade blocks.
- Objectives are to develop international marketing skills and gain experience developing global strategies.
- Challenges include cultural, economic, political, and legal differences between countries.
This document discusses international marketing and related concepts. It defines international marketing as marketing activities that cross national boundaries. It describes the key elements of international marketing as identifying customer needs in foreign markets and making marketing mix decisions for diverse international customers and markets. It also outlines the characteristics, scope, objectives, reasons for going international, and challenges of international marketing.
International marketing involves planning, executing, pricing, promoting, and distributing goods across national boundaries. It requires identifying customer needs in foreign markets and making marketing mix decisions that consider diverse international customers and behaviors. Firms enter international markets for reasons like profitability, growth, accessing resources, and spreading R&D costs. However, international marketing presents challenges like cultural, economic, political, and legal differences between countries.
This document provides an overview of international marketing management and various foreign market entry strategies. It discusses key concepts in global marketing such as standardization vs. adaptation and globalization vs. localization. Common entry strategies described include exporting, licensing, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and their associated advantages and disadvantages. The document also outlines factors to consider in foreign market selection and entry mode choice.
The document discusses various topics related to international marketing including:
1. Definitions of international marketing as marketing activities carried out across national boundaries and as a multinational process of planning various marketing activities.
2. The main differences between international and domestic marketing are that international marketing involves activities across more than one country and is more complicated due to legal, cultural and other restrictions in foreign countries.
3. International marketing involves identifying customer needs and wants in international markets and adapting the marketing mix to diverse international customers and markets.
This document discusses various aspects of international marketing planning and strategies. It covers:
1. The 4 phases of international marketing planning - preliminary analysis, defining target markets, developing a marketing plan, and implementation and control.
2. Alternative market entry strategies such as exporting, contractual agreements like licensing and franchising, and strategic alliances.
3. The evolution of global marketing approaches from standardization vs. adaptation to global integration vs. local responsiveness.
Global marketing involves coordinating marketing activities across countries to create exchanges that satisfy individual, organizational, and societal goals. It evolves from developing a core business strategy, internationalizing that strategy, and then globalizing the strategy. When internationalizing, companies look to increase their customer base, offset risks and costs, and take advantage of opportunities abroad. However, internationalization also presents disadvantages like cultural barriers, regulations risks. Success in global marketing requires balancing local and global concerns through localized implementation with global coordination.
This document provides an overview of key topics in international business management including:
1. It introduces drivers of international business and goals of international firms.
2. It discusses the international business environment and factors companies consider when operating globally.
3. It examines multinational corporations and reasons for their growth, organizational structures, and role in developing countries.
4. It covers international marketing strategies like market entry, global branding, pricing approaches, and the product lifecycle.
5. It concludes with a brief section on conflict management and ethics in international business.
This document provides an overview of international marketing. It defines international marketing as the application of marketing principles across national boundaries. The document outlines the evolution, nature, and stages of internationalization of marketing. It discusses the benefits of international marketing for consumers, producers, and economies. Key differences between international and domestic marketing are presented, such as political factors, languages/cultures, financial climates, and familiarity. Controllable and uncontrollable elements of international marketing are introduced. Finally, the document defines trade barriers like tariffs and subsidies that governments impose on international trade.
This document discusses international marketing and related concepts. It defines international marketing as marketing activities that cross national boundaries. It describes the key elements of international marketing as identifying customer needs in foreign markets and making marketing mix decisions for diverse international customers and markets. It also outlines the characteristics, scope, objectives, reasons for going international, and challenges of international marketing.
International marketing involves planning, executing, pricing, promoting, and distributing goods across national boundaries. It requires identifying customer needs in foreign markets and making marketing mix decisions that consider diverse international customers and behaviors. Firms enter international markets for reasons like profitability, growth, accessing resources, and spreading R&D costs. However, international marketing presents challenges like cultural, economic, political, and legal differences between countries.
This document provides an overview of international marketing management and various foreign market entry strategies. It discusses key concepts in global marketing such as standardization vs. adaptation and globalization vs. localization. Common entry strategies described include exporting, licensing, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and their associated advantages and disadvantages. The document also outlines factors to consider in foreign market selection and entry mode choice.
The document discusses various topics related to international marketing including:
1. Definitions of international marketing as marketing activities carried out across national boundaries and as a multinational process of planning various marketing activities.
2. The main differences between international and domestic marketing are that international marketing involves activities across more than one country and is more complicated due to legal, cultural and other restrictions in foreign countries.
3. International marketing involves identifying customer needs and wants in international markets and adapting the marketing mix to diverse international customers and markets.
This document discusses various aspects of international marketing planning and strategies. It covers:
1. The 4 phases of international marketing planning - preliminary analysis, defining target markets, developing a marketing plan, and implementation and control.
2. Alternative market entry strategies such as exporting, contractual agreements like licensing and franchising, and strategic alliances.
3. The evolution of global marketing approaches from standardization vs. adaptation to global integration vs. local responsiveness.
Global marketing involves coordinating marketing activities across countries to create exchanges that satisfy individual, organizational, and societal goals. It evolves from developing a core business strategy, internationalizing that strategy, and then globalizing the strategy. When internationalizing, companies look to increase their customer base, offset risks and costs, and take advantage of opportunities abroad. However, internationalization also presents disadvantages like cultural barriers, regulations risks. Success in global marketing requires balancing local and global concerns through localized implementation with global coordination.
This document provides an overview of key topics in international business management including:
1. It introduces drivers of international business and goals of international firms.
2. It discusses the international business environment and factors companies consider when operating globally.
3. It examines multinational corporations and reasons for their growth, organizational structures, and role in developing countries.
4. It covers international marketing strategies like market entry, global branding, pricing approaches, and the product lifecycle.
5. It concludes with a brief section on conflict management and ethics in international business.
This document provides an overview of international marketing. It defines international marketing as the application of marketing principles across national boundaries. The document outlines the evolution, nature, and stages of internationalization of marketing. It discusses the benefits of international marketing for consumers, producers, and economies. Key differences between international and domestic marketing are presented, such as political factors, languages/cultures, financial climates, and familiarity. Controllable and uncontrollable elements of international marketing are introduced. Finally, the document defines trade barriers like tariffs and subsidies that governments impose on international trade.
This document provides an overview of key topics in international business management, including:
- Drivers and goals of international business as well as the international business environment.
- Reasons for the growth of multinational corporations and their organizational structures. The role of multinationals in developing countries is also examined.
- International market entry strategies, global branding, and considerations for international pricing across different stages of the product lifecycle.
- The importance of market intelligence and an overview of international marketing systems.
- Conflict management and ethics are also introduced as important considerations in international business management.
Introduction to International BusinessAshwin Kumar
Introduction to International Business is a comprehensive study of the various aspects of International Business. This presentation will provide better insights into the definition, nature, scope, characteristics, approaches, reasons, advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses international trade and its benefits, including lower costs, access to unavailable goods, economies of scale, and variety. It also discusses India's exports of petroleum, precious stones, pharmaceuticals, and defense goods. International business strategies include international, multi-domestic, global, and transnational approaches. A global information system can collect demographic and consumer data on a global scale to assist companies in developing products for international markets.
The document discusses various export and multinational strategies. It describes four broad multinational strategies - multidomestic, transnational, international, and regional - that companies can use to address the global-local responsiveness dilemma. It also discusses factors to consider in choosing between participation strategies like exporting, licensing, strategic alliances, and foreign direct investment to enter international markets.
The document provides information about an online certificate program in export and import business offered under the Niryat Bandhu Scheme by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT). The 20-session program will be offered over 20 days, with live sessions from 6-8 pm, and is aimed at helping small and medium enterprises gain knowledge and skills related to export and import. The fee for the program is Rs. 25,000, with DGFT subsidizing Rs. 10,000. Interested individuals meeting the eligibility criteria can apply online at the provided link.
This document provides an introduction to marketing management. It discusses key concepts including the definition of marketing as meeting customer needs profitably. Marketing management involves choosing target markets and growing customers through superior value. The marketing concept focuses on customer orientation. Modern marketing considers all employees as marketers and emphasizes experience and green concepts. Marketing management tasks include developing strategies, understanding customers, building brands, and communicating value to create long-term growth.
RJ. Liow as Guest Lecturer in Monash University RJ. Liow
AYS Group provides international market entry, Halal ecosystem development, and MICE services to help customers succeed globally. Its vision is to be a specialty partner for these services. AYS has expertise in FMCG, Halal food, and event management. It advises clients on international marketing strategies, including market selection, entry strategies, and building a sustainable global business through leadership, marketing adaptation, and market expansion. AYS shares its knowledge through industry conferences and its "Halal Entrepreneurship" learning program.
This document discusses various aspects of organizing for global competition. It begins by defining organization and its role in implementing strategy. It then examines different types of organizational structures companies use for foreign operations, including international divisions, regional divisions, and matrix structures. Key factors that influence organizational design are also outlined. The document also explores topics like centralization vs. decentralization, the benefits of different structural approaches, and how leading companies organize their global operations.
Global marketing involves coordinating marketing activities across countries to create exchanges that satisfy individual, organizational, and societal goals. It coordinates efforts across different country markets as a company's strategy internationalizes and globalizes. Successfully implementing global marketing requires balancing local and regional/global concerns. Companies must think globally but act locally by considering individual country markets and allowing local managers flexibility within set parameters. Globalization can provide firms growth and profit opportunities but also challenges from factors like cultural differences, regulations and economic conditions in foreign markets.
International marketing refers to marketing activities carried out across national borders. It involves identifying foreign markets, selecting market entry strategies, and adapting the marketing mix for international markets. Key differences from domestic marketing include additional uncontrollable factors in foreign environments like cultural differences, political risks, and economic conditions in other countries. Common strategies for entering foreign markets are exporting, joint ventures, and direct foreign investment through manufacturing plants or product assembly operations overseas.
The document discusses key concepts in global marketing. It defines global marketing as coordinating marketing activities across countries to satisfy individual, organizational, and societal goals. It outlines the evolution from a core domestic strategy to an internationalized strategy and finally a globalized strategy. Some key considerations for global marketing decisions include political/regulatory environment, financial/economic factors, socio-cultural issues, competition, and local infrastructure. Channel management is also discussed as developing strategies, policies, and programs for selling and servicing customers through various marketing channels.
This document provides an overview of international business. It begins with defining international business and providing reasons companies engage in it. It then outlines the four stages of internationalization: domestic company, international company, multinational company, and global company. The document also discusses the differences between domestic and foreign companies, approaches to international business, and several theories of international business. It concludes with outlining the chapter. The document serves as an introductory guide to understanding the nature and scope of international business.
Strategies For International Competition Global OperationsTICS
This document discusses various strategies for international competition. It begins by outlining three strategic orientations for international operations: ethnocentrism, polycentrism, and geocentrism. Next, it explores factors that facilitate international expansion such as market saturation, political reasons, cheap labor, and competitive pressures. The document then provides guidance on evaluating target countries and developing a strategic plan for foreign market entry. Finally, it discusses approaches for managing a portfolio of subsidiaries abroad and various value chain configurations for international operations.
1. International trade involves cross-border transactions of goods, services, and resources between nations for commercial purposes.
2. There are several reasons why companies enter international markets, including accessing new markets and resources, reducing costs, and gaining competitive advantages.
3. While international trade provides benefits like increased specialization and access to cheaper goods, it also faces challenges such as political risks, trade barriers, and cultural differences between countries.
This document discusses international business and its evolution. It defines international business as commercial transactions that take place between two or more countries, including sales, investments, logistics, and transportation. International business involves higher risks and more complexities compared to domestic business due to factors like multiple currencies, regulations, cultures and environments. The stages of internationalization progress from domestic operations to transnational operations with highly decentralized decision making. The characteristics, features, importance and stages of internationalization for companies engaging in international business are also outlined.
This document discusses various global production, marketing, financial and human resource management strategies for businesses. It covers four main location strategies for global production networks: centralized global production, regional production, regional specialization, and vertical transnational integration. It also discusses global supply chain issues and management. Other topics include scale of operations, sources of funding, exchange rate risk management, strategic orientation approaches, selecting and roles of expatriate managers, international training and development, and make-or-buy decisions.
The document discusses entering and working in international markets through exporting and global sourcing. It defines exporting as producing goods in one country and selling them abroad, while global sourcing involves procuring goods or services from foreign suppliers. The key advantages of exporting include low risk and cost flexibility, while global sourcing allows access to lower costs and strategic goals. The document outlines strategies for systematic exporting like using intermediaries and financing options. It also discusses managing relationships with foreign partners and resolving disputes.
The document discusses various strategies and concepts related to international business. It covers:
1. The value chain framework which categorizes a firm's activities into primary and support activities.
2. Different strategies firms can take when expanding globally including international, multi-domestic, global, and transnational strategies.
3. Factors firms consider when making location decisions including trade barriers, transportation costs, and political/economic risks.
4. Various foreign market entry modes such as exporting, contractual agreements like licensing and franchising, and equity-based entries like joint ventures.
So in summary, the document provides an overview of strategic frameworks, concepts, and considerations for firms operating internationally across different value chain
This document provides an overview of key topics in international business management, including:
- Drivers and goals of international business as well as the international business environment.
- Reasons for the growth of multinational corporations and their organizational structures. The role of multinationals in developing countries is also examined.
- International market entry strategies, global branding, and considerations for international pricing across different stages of the product lifecycle.
- The importance of market intelligence and an overview of international marketing systems.
- Conflict management and ethics are also introduced as important considerations in international business management.
Introduction to International BusinessAshwin Kumar
Introduction to International Business is a comprehensive study of the various aspects of International Business. This presentation will provide better insights into the definition, nature, scope, characteristics, approaches, reasons, advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses international trade and its benefits, including lower costs, access to unavailable goods, economies of scale, and variety. It also discusses India's exports of petroleum, precious stones, pharmaceuticals, and defense goods. International business strategies include international, multi-domestic, global, and transnational approaches. A global information system can collect demographic and consumer data on a global scale to assist companies in developing products for international markets.
The document discusses various export and multinational strategies. It describes four broad multinational strategies - multidomestic, transnational, international, and regional - that companies can use to address the global-local responsiveness dilemma. It also discusses factors to consider in choosing between participation strategies like exporting, licensing, strategic alliances, and foreign direct investment to enter international markets.
The document provides information about an online certificate program in export and import business offered under the Niryat Bandhu Scheme by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT). The 20-session program will be offered over 20 days, with live sessions from 6-8 pm, and is aimed at helping small and medium enterprises gain knowledge and skills related to export and import. The fee for the program is Rs. 25,000, with DGFT subsidizing Rs. 10,000. Interested individuals meeting the eligibility criteria can apply online at the provided link.
This document provides an introduction to marketing management. It discusses key concepts including the definition of marketing as meeting customer needs profitably. Marketing management involves choosing target markets and growing customers through superior value. The marketing concept focuses on customer orientation. Modern marketing considers all employees as marketers and emphasizes experience and green concepts. Marketing management tasks include developing strategies, understanding customers, building brands, and communicating value to create long-term growth.
RJ. Liow as Guest Lecturer in Monash University RJ. Liow
AYS Group provides international market entry, Halal ecosystem development, and MICE services to help customers succeed globally. Its vision is to be a specialty partner for these services. AYS has expertise in FMCG, Halal food, and event management. It advises clients on international marketing strategies, including market selection, entry strategies, and building a sustainable global business through leadership, marketing adaptation, and market expansion. AYS shares its knowledge through industry conferences and its "Halal Entrepreneurship" learning program.
This document discusses various aspects of organizing for global competition. It begins by defining organization and its role in implementing strategy. It then examines different types of organizational structures companies use for foreign operations, including international divisions, regional divisions, and matrix structures. Key factors that influence organizational design are also outlined. The document also explores topics like centralization vs. decentralization, the benefits of different structural approaches, and how leading companies organize their global operations.
Global marketing involves coordinating marketing activities across countries to create exchanges that satisfy individual, organizational, and societal goals. It coordinates efforts across different country markets as a company's strategy internationalizes and globalizes. Successfully implementing global marketing requires balancing local and regional/global concerns. Companies must think globally but act locally by considering individual country markets and allowing local managers flexibility within set parameters. Globalization can provide firms growth and profit opportunities but also challenges from factors like cultural differences, regulations and economic conditions in foreign markets.
International marketing refers to marketing activities carried out across national borders. It involves identifying foreign markets, selecting market entry strategies, and adapting the marketing mix for international markets. Key differences from domestic marketing include additional uncontrollable factors in foreign environments like cultural differences, political risks, and economic conditions in other countries. Common strategies for entering foreign markets are exporting, joint ventures, and direct foreign investment through manufacturing plants or product assembly operations overseas.
The document discusses key concepts in global marketing. It defines global marketing as coordinating marketing activities across countries to satisfy individual, organizational, and societal goals. It outlines the evolution from a core domestic strategy to an internationalized strategy and finally a globalized strategy. Some key considerations for global marketing decisions include political/regulatory environment, financial/economic factors, socio-cultural issues, competition, and local infrastructure. Channel management is also discussed as developing strategies, policies, and programs for selling and servicing customers through various marketing channels.
This document provides an overview of international business. It begins with defining international business and providing reasons companies engage in it. It then outlines the four stages of internationalization: domestic company, international company, multinational company, and global company. The document also discusses the differences between domestic and foreign companies, approaches to international business, and several theories of international business. It concludes with outlining the chapter. The document serves as an introductory guide to understanding the nature and scope of international business.
Strategies For International Competition Global OperationsTICS
This document discusses various strategies for international competition. It begins by outlining three strategic orientations for international operations: ethnocentrism, polycentrism, and geocentrism. Next, it explores factors that facilitate international expansion such as market saturation, political reasons, cheap labor, and competitive pressures. The document then provides guidance on evaluating target countries and developing a strategic plan for foreign market entry. Finally, it discusses approaches for managing a portfolio of subsidiaries abroad and various value chain configurations for international operations.
1. International trade involves cross-border transactions of goods, services, and resources between nations for commercial purposes.
2. There are several reasons why companies enter international markets, including accessing new markets and resources, reducing costs, and gaining competitive advantages.
3. While international trade provides benefits like increased specialization and access to cheaper goods, it also faces challenges such as political risks, trade barriers, and cultural differences between countries.
This document discusses international business and its evolution. It defines international business as commercial transactions that take place between two or more countries, including sales, investments, logistics, and transportation. International business involves higher risks and more complexities compared to domestic business due to factors like multiple currencies, regulations, cultures and environments. The stages of internationalization progress from domestic operations to transnational operations with highly decentralized decision making. The characteristics, features, importance and stages of internationalization for companies engaging in international business are also outlined.
This document discusses various global production, marketing, financial and human resource management strategies for businesses. It covers four main location strategies for global production networks: centralized global production, regional production, regional specialization, and vertical transnational integration. It also discusses global supply chain issues and management. Other topics include scale of operations, sources of funding, exchange rate risk management, strategic orientation approaches, selecting and roles of expatriate managers, international training and development, and make-or-buy decisions.
The document discusses entering and working in international markets through exporting and global sourcing. It defines exporting as producing goods in one country and selling them abroad, while global sourcing involves procuring goods or services from foreign suppliers. The key advantages of exporting include low risk and cost flexibility, while global sourcing allows access to lower costs and strategic goals. The document outlines strategies for systematic exporting like using intermediaries and financing options. It also discusses managing relationships with foreign partners and resolving disputes.
The document discusses various strategies and concepts related to international business. It covers:
1. The value chain framework which categorizes a firm's activities into primary and support activities.
2. Different strategies firms can take when expanding globally including international, multi-domestic, global, and transnational strategies.
3. Factors firms consider when making location decisions including trade barriers, transportation costs, and political/economic risks.
4. Various foreign market entry modes such as exporting, contractual agreements like licensing and franchising, and equity-based entries like joint ventures.
So in summary, the document provides an overview of strategic frameworks, concepts, and considerations for firms operating internationally across different value chain
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2. Meaning & Definition of International
marketing
• Marketing activity carried on across the nation
boundaries.
• According to AMA: “International Marketing is
the multinational process of
planning, executing, conception, pricing, prom
otion and distribution of ideas, goods and
services create exchanges that satisfy
individual and organizational objectives.”
2
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
3. International Marketing involves:
• Identifying the needs and wants of the
customers in international markets.
• To take market mix decisions keeping in the
view the diverse customers and market
behavior.
• Penetrating into International Markets using
the various modes
• Decisions in view of IBE
3
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
4. Characteristics Of International
Marketing
• Dominance of Multinationals
• Large Scale Operations
• Boundary Restrictions & Trade Blocks
• Marketing Research
• Importance of Advanced Technology
• Precise competition
• Sensitive character.
• Want for Specialized institutions
• Long term planning
• Cultural relations
4
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
5. Scope of International Marketing
• Exporting
– Establishing
– JV & Collaborations
– Licensing
– Consultancy
– Know-how(Technical & Managerial)
• Importing
• Managing of international operations
• Re-exporting
5
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
6. Objective of International Marketing
• To develop skills, creating marketing
challenges & Opportunities.
• To gain experience in developing marketing
strategies.
• To gain verbal, written skills for
communication
• To have decision making ability
• To be ethical in practice and urge to learn
more on marketing management.
6
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
7. Why Firms go international
• Reasons for the firms going international
• Profitability
• Growth
• Economies of Scale
• Access to imported inputs/Resources
• Marketing Opportunities
• USP of product & services
• R& D Costs.
7
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
8. Orientation of management
• ETHNOCENTRIC
• POLYCENTRIC
• REGIOCENTRIC
• GEOCENTRIC
8
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
9. Process of Internationalization
License
Export Via
Agent/
Distributor
Export
through
own sales
representat
ive/ Sales
Subsidiary
Local
Packaging/
Assembly
FDI
9
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
10. Transition from Domestic to
International Markets
• Pre-Export Behavior
• Company characteristics
• Perceived Export
• Perceived Import
• Organizational commitment
• Economic Reasons
• Relative profitability
• Insufficiency of domestic demand
• Reduce Business risks
• Legal restrictions
• Obtaining Imported inputs
• Social Responsibility
• Increased Productivity
• Technological Improvement
10
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal
11. Process of International Marketing
Growth Profitability Risk Spread
Access to
imported inputs
USP of
product/Services
Marketing
Opportunities
Spreading R & D
Costs
SWOT Analysis
Decision to Enter
into International
Markets
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 11
Motivation for
International
Marketing
12. Stages of International Marketing
Involvement
• No Direct Foreign Marketing
• Infrequent Foreign Marketing
• Regular Foreign Marketing
• International Marketing
• Global Marketing
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 12
13. Challenges in International Marketing
• Self- reference
• Political & Legal Difference
• Cultural Difference
• Economic Difference
• Difference in the currency unit
• Differences in the language.
• Difference in Marketing Infrastructure
• Trade restrictions
• High cost of distance
• Difference in trade practices
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 13
14. Difference B/w Domestic and International
Difference Point Domestic Marketing International Marketing
Operation Conditions One nation language &
culture
Many Nations, Languages
& Culture
Transportation cost Major extent Some Extent
Currency One Multiple
Political Same Differ
Nature of market Relatively homogenous Diverse & Heterogeneous
Change control & Tariffs No Problems Obstacles
Data Availability Accurate Formidable, But doubted
Government interferences Relative free Influences
Environmental Effects Little effect Distortion by large
companies
Business Environment Stable Unstable
Climate & Nature of
Business
Uniform & Understood Varies & Unclear
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 14
15. Trade in International Marketing
• International Trade is exchange of
capital, goods and services across
international borders or territories.
TRADE
DOMESTIC TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 15
16. Need for international trade
• Large scale production
• Degree of self- sufficiency
• Geographic Factors
• Occupational Distribution
• Means of Transportation
• Compensating the production
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 16
17. Dynamic Environment of International
Trade
• Comparative Advantages
• Impact of National Policies
• Impact of Countries
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 17
18. Balance of Payment
• It refers to the net results that are drawn recording
all the visible and invisible items that are exported
and imported from the country.
• Balance of Payments is comprehensive record of
economic transactions between residents of home
country & residents of the other countries.
• It includes
• Current Account
• Capital Account
• Reserves Account
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 18
19. Characteristics of Balance of Payment
• It is statement of systematic record of all
economic transactions between one country
& rest of the world.
• It is a annual statement & pertaining to time.
• Listing receipts & payments in international
transactions of a country.
• Double entry book keeping system.
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 19
20. Fundamental of BOP
• Identifying an International Economic
Transactions.
• Understanding the flow of
goods, services, money & assets.
• Real assets
• Financial assets
• Book keeping procedures for accounting.
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 20
21. Factors Affecting BOP
• Cost of production
• Demand of the supply
• Cost & availability
• Exchange rate movements
• Domestic business
• Trade agreements
• External pressures
• Price
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 21
22. Protectionism
• It is the economic policy of restraining trade
between states through methods such as
tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas
and a variety of government regulations
designed to discourage imports and prevent
foreign take over of domestic markets and
companies.
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 22
23. Reasons for trade barriers
• To protect domestic companies.
• BOP position favorable.
• To curb prominent consumption.
• To mobilize revenue for the government.
• To discriminate against certain countries.
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 23
24. Types of international barriers
• Tariff barrier
• Non- tariff barrier
• Intended constraint
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 24
25. Global e-Marketing
• Search of convenience
• Internet into purchase process.
• Shift loyalties.
• Future buying plans.
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 25
26. Death of distance
• Potential of e-commerce
• Lower transactions costs
• Reduce inventory costs
• Competitive business advantage
• Expands market
• Reduce the supply chain management.
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 26
27. Major benefits of e-Marketing
• Global reach
• Easy marketing
• Economics
• Updates
• More attractive presentation
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 27
30. Relationship marketing
• It is the process of building the long
term, trusting, win-win relationships with
customers, distributors, retailers and
suppliers.
– Key elements are
» Interactions between suppliers and customers
» Customers segments to customers satisfaction
» Working , developing and enhancing relationship in
internal markets and building strong external markets
Prof. Raghavendran Venugopal 30