Geo-Political issues affecting global trade in accordance to India. The presentation consists of Oil and Gas trade routes as well as our major import and exports. this also has information related to Defense sector, our major dealings with Russia, Israel and USA.

1. Presented by:-
Amish Narang(PGFA1615)
Amisha Jain(PGFA1616)
Apoorva Kumar Singh
Devanshi Tyagi
Dhruv Abhishek Singh

2. What is Geo-Politics?
• Geo-Politics is the method of studying foreign
policy to understand, explain and predict
international political behavior through
geographical variables( Area studies, Climate,
Natural resources, Demography, Topography
and Applied science).
• This tells us that how human activities in a
certain geographical location affects the world
at large and in this presentation how it affects

3. GEOPOLITICS IN
RESPECT OF SEA
ROUTE – INDIAN
OCEAN

4. INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN OCEAN
• ONLY OCEAN NAMED AFTER A COUNTRY
• NAMED ON ACCOUNT OF THE DOMINANT POSITION OF
INDIA
• EARLIER NEGLECTED
• ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ZONES OF GEOPOLITICAL
ACTIVITY AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

5. WHAT MADE INDIAN OCEAN AN
IMPORTANT ZONE?
• DESIRE OF US IN COLLABORATION WITH BRITAIN TO CONTROL
SEA LANES
• VITAL SEA ROUTE BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE EAST
• DIRECT AND INDIRECT INVOLVEMENT OF WESTERN COUNTRIES
• SHIFT IN ECONOMIC MOMENTUM FROM EUROPE AND US TO
ASIA PACIFIC
• GROWING PRESENCE OF CHINA IN MARITIME SEA ROUTE

6. WHY IS INDIAN OCEAN
IMPORTANT FOR INDIA?
• 7,500KM COASTLINE LINKING TO INDIAN OCEAN
• 80% OF INDIA’S TRADE IS THROUGH SEA ROUTE PASSES THROUGH INDIAN
OCEAN
• 85% OF OIL AND GAS IMPORTED THROUGH INDIAN OCEAN
• FISHING AND TOURISM DEPENDENT ON IT
• SECURITY OF COUNTRY
• VITAL FOR MANAGING BETTER RELATIONS WITH SOUTH-EAST ASIAN
COUNTRIES
• INCREASING INFLUENCE OF CHINA

7. GEOPOLITICAL RELATIONS OF
INDIA WITH OTHER COUNTRIES
• CHINA AND THE MARITIME SILK ROAD
• US SECURITY PROVIDER IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
• CHINA - PAKISTAN
• EUROPEAN UNION
• SOUTH-EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
• MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES

8. CHINA

9. GEOPOLITICS IN RELATION
TO OIL AND GAS

10. OPEC (The Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries)
• OPEC, a consortium of 13 countries: Algeria,
Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
Emirates and Venezuela
• Opec created at the Baghdad Conference on
September 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia and Venezuela.
• More than 80% of the world's proven crude oil
reserves are located in OPEC Member Countries
• OPEC can affect the price of crude oil, by increasing
or reducing production among member countries.

11. MAIN PURPOSE & OBJECTIVE OF OPEC
• THE MAIN PURPOSE OF OPEC IS TO COORDINATE AND UNIFY PETROLEUM POLICIES
AMONG MEMBER COUNTRIES TO ENSURE A STEADY INCOME TO THE PRODUCING
COUNTRIES, A STEADY SUPPLY OF PETROLEUM TO THE CONSUMING NATIONS AS
WELL AS A FAIR RETURN OF CAPITAL FOR INVESTORS IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
ITSELF.
MAIN OBJECTIVES ARE
• STABLE OIL MARKET, WITH REASONABLE PRICES AND STEADY SUPPLIES TO
CONSUMERS
• OPEC WAS MADE TO MAKE SURE THAT THE PRICE OF THE OIL IN THE WORLD MARKET
WILL BE PROPERLY CONTROLLED.
• THEIR MAIN GOAL IS TO PREVENT HARMFUL INCREASE IN PRICE OF OIL IN GLOBAL
MARKET AND MAKE SURE THAT NATIONS THAT PRODUCE OIL HAVE A FAIR PROFIT

13. • THE GULF WAR
• THE CASE OF TURKMENISTAN
• SAUDI ARABIA AND THE 2014-15 DROP IN OIL
PRICES

14. • During the gulf war that began in 1990 WTI
and Brent Crude oil prices doubled in the
beginning of 1990
• It dropped 30% by end of that year.
• US invaded Iraq in 2003 and during this
war brent crude oil rose by 7% and then
declined by 12% by end of the war
• The geo political tensions led to supply
disruptions, which increased global crude
oil prices
• In The Gulf War supply dropped by 7%
• In Iraq War the supply dropped by 3%
• In 2013 middle east tension did not have
much impact on oil prices due to increased

15. • Turkmenistan has very few choices of
transport routes, being it a land locked
country.
• It contains several worlds largest gas
fields
• Russia has monopoly power over its gas
transmission
• Turkmen natural gas became a

17. • Energy prices started to fall downward in
late 2014, when Saudi Oil began to flood
energy markets
• This declined demand and the Iran nuclear
deal
• The prices were cut half in less than a
year, reaching lows that people have not
seen since last global recession

18. • Geo-Politics has contributed in the price fall
• Geo-politics have controlled the economy of oil
producing countries
• Strikes by Oil workers engaged at perceived
government corruption reduced Libyan oil production
by 88% in 2013
• Oil and gas companies frequently engage with national

19. DEFENCE
MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS:
RUSSIA
• LEADING PARTNER FOR INDIA IN TERMS OF DEFENCE DEALS
• DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION, HYDROCARBONS, NUCLEAR
ENERGY AND SPACE COOPERATION
• INDIA-US NUCLEAR DEAL
• EXPECTED BILATERAL TRADE OF $30 BILLION BY 2025.
• COASTAL DEFENCE SYSTEM.

20. ISRAEL
• INDIA SIGNED THREE DEFENCE DEALS WORTH $3 BILLION
WITH ISRAEL
• A NEW MEDIUM RANGE SURFACE TO AIR MISSILES (MRSAM)
SYSTEM FOR THE INDIAN ARMY
• ISRAEL IS ONE OF THE LARGEST ARMS SUPPLIERS TO INDIA
WITH ANNUAL SALES WORTH OVER $1 BILLION

21. USA
• INDIA’S DEFENCE IMPORTS FROM THE US INCREASED TO $ 2 BILLION
IN 2013
• THE US BECAME THE TOP SUPPLIER OF DEFENCE COMPONENTS AND
MATERIALS TO THE INDIAN ARMED FORCES.
• TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP
• BOTH THE COUNTRIES HAVE STARTED TO EXCHANGE NOTES ON
THEIR POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATIONS.