Piet Holbrouck presents a new problem-solving toolbox called Non-Zero Ratio and applies it to the problem of traffic congestion. Non-Zero Ratio draws from various theories and tools to solve difficult problems in a synchronized, win-win manner. It is applied to traffic congestion by segmenting different transport methods, deriving an ideal solution of automated driving, and proposing the next step of connecting cars like trains at congested points through synchronized cruise control. The presentation argues this unconventional approach could dramatically reduce costs from accidents while increasing economic opportunities.
Traffic jams are currently disrupting Dubai due to the large number of vehicles on the roads, busy lifestyles, accidents, and festivals. This causes stress for drivers, economic losses from increased fuel costs, and air pollution. The government is trying to solve this issue through the Salik system, expanding the metro system, increasing public transportation options, and building more bridges. Suggestions for citizens include biking when possible, checking traffic updates, walking short distances, and starting driving early.
Traffic jams are one of the main causes of air pollution as motor vehicles emit higher levels of pollution when moving slowly or idling compared to normal highway speeds. Studies show that closing windows and switching off fans, or putting fans on recirculate, helps reduce exposure to pollutants from other vehicles when stuck in traffic jams or at red lights. Traffic congestion worsens air quality.
This document provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. It begins by defining AI as computer systems able to perform cognitive tasks like reasoning, decision making, perception, and language understanding. It then discusses what AI is good at, including classification, pattern recognition, prediction, and information retrieval. The document also covers different types of machine learning algorithms like supervised and unsupervised learning. It aims to demystify key AI concepts and discuss opportunities for applying AI in the chemical industry.
To explain the tremendous evolution in ICT the last decades, one typically refers to the Law of Moore. Today we’re facing with new languages and methodologies popping up like buzz words. Understanding the evolution of programming and cornerstone concepts will help you to position and value future programming languages and trends.
Although GPS developments started in 1967, it’s only in the early 70’s that NASA launched its first Earth Observation satellite. Contemporary technologies like satellite navigation and remote sensing are key in our daily life. Still, we ain’t seen nothing yet. Explore the potential of these technologies in your future products or services, and find a way to get things done.
The document discusses the history and evolution of human-computer interfaces from early mechanical switches to modern touchscreens, voice assistants, virtual and augmented reality. It notes that while technology has advanced greatly, good interface design must still prioritize usability, clarity and putting the human user first. Emerging areas discussed include mid-air haptics, brain-computer interfaces, and the growing importance of interfaces as a driver of innovation across many industries.
At the end of the ’60s, the first research programs started on humanoid robots. Although this technology inspired many of us, it’s only now that we see first applications arise. What’s the status of the robotics technology? How is it impacted by other technologies like AI, RF and energy storage? Let’s discuss the evolution and potential for your business based on recent projects and technologies available at our partners and alumni start-ups.
Let’s discuss the boundary conditions to innovate successfully based on some cases in Flanders and the Netherlands. Most governments are taking about half of their gross national product for their account. They can be better off by being open to innovation in the public purchase process and act as a launching customer for their industry and start-ups.
Traffic jams are currently disrupting Dubai due to the large number of vehicles on the roads, busy lifestyles, accidents, and festivals. This causes stress for drivers, economic losses from increased fuel costs, and air pollution. The government is trying to solve this issue through the Salik system, expanding the metro system, increasing public transportation options, and building more bridges. Suggestions for citizens include biking when possible, checking traffic updates, walking short distances, and starting driving early.
Traffic jams are one of the main causes of air pollution as motor vehicles emit higher levels of pollution when moving slowly or idling compared to normal highway speeds. Studies show that closing windows and switching off fans, or putting fans on recirculate, helps reduce exposure to pollutants from other vehicles when stuck in traffic jams or at red lights. Traffic congestion worsens air quality.
This document provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. It begins by defining AI as computer systems able to perform cognitive tasks like reasoning, decision making, perception, and language understanding. It then discusses what AI is good at, including classification, pattern recognition, prediction, and information retrieval. The document also covers different types of machine learning algorithms like supervised and unsupervised learning. It aims to demystify key AI concepts and discuss opportunities for applying AI in the chemical industry.
To explain the tremendous evolution in ICT the last decades, one typically refers to the Law of Moore. Today we’re facing with new languages and methodologies popping up like buzz words. Understanding the evolution of programming and cornerstone concepts will help you to position and value future programming languages and trends.
Although GPS developments started in 1967, it’s only in the early 70’s that NASA launched its first Earth Observation satellite. Contemporary technologies like satellite navigation and remote sensing are key in our daily life. Still, we ain’t seen nothing yet. Explore the potential of these technologies in your future products or services, and find a way to get things done.
The document discusses the history and evolution of human-computer interfaces from early mechanical switches to modern touchscreens, voice assistants, virtual and augmented reality. It notes that while technology has advanced greatly, good interface design must still prioritize usability, clarity and putting the human user first. Emerging areas discussed include mid-air haptics, brain-computer interfaces, and the growing importance of interfaces as a driver of innovation across many industries.
At the end of the ’60s, the first research programs started on humanoid robots. Although this technology inspired many of us, it’s only now that we see first applications arise. What’s the status of the robotics technology? How is it impacted by other technologies like AI, RF and energy storage? Let’s discuss the evolution and potential for your business based on recent projects and technologies available at our partners and alumni start-ups.
Let’s discuss the boundary conditions to innovate successfully based on some cases in Flanders and the Netherlands. Most governments are taking about half of their gross national product for their account. They can be better off by being open to innovation in the public purchase process and act as a launching customer for their industry and start-ups.
1) The document discusses moonshot projects like landing on the moon and their ability to inspire and drive innovation.
2) It provides examples of moonshot projects from history like the Apollo missions and modern examples like projects from Google X.
3) Key lessons from successful moonshots are that they require bold goals like 10x improvements, committed leadership, and tolerance for failure during development.
The human aspect in driving innovation is not to be underestimated. Driving innovation is done by implementing the necessary tools and structures. However driving desired behavior on individual and team level is at least equally important. Möbius will share insights in how to build an innovation and continuous improvement culture.
The key concept in any start-up? The freedom to experiment as basis for accelerated learning. Or like Pink Floyd sang in the 70’s: “We don’t need no education.” Is your FabLab ready for it?
How do you set up your venture and accelerate growth? Start-ups are in a fundamental different position than corporates. As a consequence they play a different ball game. What can the start-up culture learn from the ’60s?
What are the differences between popular innovation project management methodologies? Why does project management often fail? Learn how risk assessment should define your methodology in order to become a real innovation factory. The waterfall methodology has been promoted for years as the best practice for IR&D management. These days agile and scrum are increasingly popular as alternative. Hater or believer? Good or bad? Get guided through our body of knowledge as published in the Inspire Toolbox.
Project management in innovation can only be successful if it’s driven by a robust methodology integrating a clear quality assurance concept. What can trendy methodologies learn from the house of quality?
50 years ago, innovation centers like Xerox or Philips’ Natlab set the benchmark with their methodologies on organizing innovation. Today, innovation is influenced by rapid-moving triggers and companies have to organize accordingly. Discover current best practices on organizing your innovation ecosystem.
How do you reinvent a mature business with the right cocktail of user insights and technologies? The message is clear: choose for differentiation or servitization, or loose.
AI has an inevitable impact on your next generation products and services. Things evolved relatively slow since the first AI experiments in the ’60s. Today, AI is accelerating as no other technology has done before. How will the 4th wave of Artificial Intelligence transform your future business?
Discover the newest insights in understanding value drivers and their impact on new products and services. From technology improvement towards platform economy with the value pyramid. How to use new design skills and service design to create experience economy?
The adoption of innovative IoT technology in smart cities seems to go slower than the utopian predictions of the last decade. This might be because the traditional business-to-government model is no longer sufficient to bear the investment cost and get these systems operational. Multi-sided business models can offer
a possible solution, but require a different approach from governments as well as suppliers, as illustrated by recent Verhaert cases.
AI can be weaved together with space technologies to provide exciting new solutions to a wide array of industries. Get a glimpse of how space data can enhance businesses, and how ESA Space Solutions Belgium can offer you the tools and funding to develop your ideas.
New space in the Belgian and European start-up technology ecosystem. Presentation at the launch event of ESA Space Solutions Belgium on Wednesday the 7th of November in Brussels.
Mars simulations and evolving starships prototyping sustainable futures. Presentation at the launch event of ESA Space Solutions Belgium on Wednesday the 7th of November in Brussels.
Cell based therapy is the most promising innovation in medical. The biggest challenge? It’s a complex, extensive and manual production which results in a small scale and expensive treatment. We’ll dive in the technical challenges to automate and scale cell production and how cell transfection can be stimulated by the technology transfer of optics.
During the last 30 years of science exploration in space, the complexity of experiments and related equipment has continuously increased, leading more and more frequently to the impossibility to fulfill the quadruple constraints: science, technologies, safety and cost. Since a few year, a fresh approach appears in the new space mood where key words are simpler and faster.
Multiple satellites are creating different types of images that we can use for many purposes to create a better world. Which datasets are there? For which applications can we use them? Many examples will convince you to apply Earth observation data to your business.
Devices generating data by collective intelligence are facing us very rapidly. Multi-sided business models are an intrinsic opportunity. Yet, not the best way to start. These collective intelligent systems connect data generated in one market
with other market’s needs, and are able to shake up markets.
Placing a fly in a urinal might be just what your business needs. Dive into examples and cases where nudging is proven to be more effective instead of forbidding choices or using incentives. Experimenting with nudging can improve your business or can make things so much easier.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
1) The document discusses moonshot projects like landing on the moon and their ability to inspire and drive innovation.
2) It provides examples of moonshot projects from history like the Apollo missions and modern examples like projects from Google X.
3) Key lessons from successful moonshots are that they require bold goals like 10x improvements, committed leadership, and tolerance for failure during development.
The human aspect in driving innovation is not to be underestimated. Driving innovation is done by implementing the necessary tools and structures. However driving desired behavior on individual and team level is at least equally important. Möbius will share insights in how to build an innovation and continuous improvement culture.
The key concept in any start-up? The freedom to experiment as basis for accelerated learning. Or like Pink Floyd sang in the 70’s: “We don’t need no education.” Is your FabLab ready for it?
How do you set up your venture and accelerate growth? Start-ups are in a fundamental different position than corporates. As a consequence they play a different ball game. What can the start-up culture learn from the ’60s?
What are the differences between popular innovation project management methodologies? Why does project management often fail? Learn how risk assessment should define your methodology in order to become a real innovation factory. The waterfall methodology has been promoted for years as the best practice for IR&D management. These days agile and scrum are increasingly popular as alternative. Hater or believer? Good or bad? Get guided through our body of knowledge as published in the Inspire Toolbox.
Project management in innovation can only be successful if it’s driven by a robust methodology integrating a clear quality assurance concept. What can trendy methodologies learn from the house of quality?
50 years ago, innovation centers like Xerox or Philips’ Natlab set the benchmark with their methodologies on organizing innovation. Today, innovation is influenced by rapid-moving triggers and companies have to organize accordingly. Discover current best practices on organizing your innovation ecosystem.
How do you reinvent a mature business with the right cocktail of user insights and technologies? The message is clear: choose for differentiation or servitization, or loose.
AI has an inevitable impact on your next generation products and services. Things evolved relatively slow since the first AI experiments in the ’60s. Today, AI is accelerating as no other technology has done before. How will the 4th wave of Artificial Intelligence transform your future business?
Discover the newest insights in understanding value drivers and their impact on new products and services. From technology improvement towards platform economy with the value pyramid. How to use new design skills and service design to create experience economy?
The adoption of innovative IoT technology in smart cities seems to go slower than the utopian predictions of the last decade. This might be because the traditional business-to-government model is no longer sufficient to bear the investment cost and get these systems operational. Multi-sided business models can offer
a possible solution, but require a different approach from governments as well as suppliers, as illustrated by recent Verhaert cases.
AI can be weaved together with space technologies to provide exciting new solutions to a wide array of industries. Get a glimpse of how space data can enhance businesses, and how ESA Space Solutions Belgium can offer you the tools and funding to develop your ideas.
New space in the Belgian and European start-up technology ecosystem. Presentation at the launch event of ESA Space Solutions Belgium on Wednesday the 7th of November in Brussels.
Mars simulations and evolving starships prototyping sustainable futures. Presentation at the launch event of ESA Space Solutions Belgium on Wednesday the 7th of November in Brussels.
Cell based therapy is the most promising innovation in medical. The biggest challenge? It’s a complex, extensive and manual production which results in a small scale and expensive treatment. We’ll dive in the technical challenges to automate and scale cell production and how cell transfection can be stimulated by the technology transfer of optics.
During the last 30 years of science exploration in space, the complexity of experiments and related equipment has continuously increased, leading more and more frequently to the impossibility to fulfill the quadruple constraints: science, technologies, safety and cost. Since a few year, a fresh approach appears in the new space mood where key words are simpler and faster.
Multiple satellites are creating different types of images that we can use for many purposes to create a better world. Which datasets are there? For which applications can we use them? Many examples will convince you to apply Earth observation data to your business.
Devices generating data by collective intelligence are facing us very rapidly. Multi-sided business models are an intrinsic opportunity. Yet, not the best way to start. These collective intelligent systems connect data generated in one market
with other market’s needs, and are able to shake up markets.
Placing a fly in a urinal might be just what your business needs. Dive into examples and cases where nudging is proven to be more effective instead of forbidding choices or using incentives. Experimenting with nudging can improve your business or can make things so much easier.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
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1. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
VERHAERTINNOVATIONDAY – OCTOBER 20th, 2006
“Non-Zero Ratio”, a new
www.mastersininnovation.com
problem-solving toolbox
applied on traffic
congestion
Piet Holbrouck
piet.holbrouck@pandora.be
www.pietholbrouck.be - www.nonzeroratio.org
Commercially confidence – This presentation contains ideas and information which are proprietary of Powered by Piet Holbrouck, it is given in confidence. You are authorized to open and
view the electronic copy of this document and to print a single copy. Otherwise, the material may not in whole or in part be copied, stored electronically or communicated to third parties
without prior agreement of Powered by Piet Holbrouck.
www.mastersininnovation.com
20.10.2006 Slide 1
2. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Content
www.mastersininnovation.com
• My background
• Non-Zero Ratio, a “new” problem-solving toolbox
• Application : Traffic jams / congestion
20.10.2006 Slide 2
3. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
My background
Test cases :
Unsolved problems
www.mastersininnovation.com
in society
Non-Zero Ratio
The Ultimate
Problem-Solving
Toolbox
Product
Development
Fuzzy
Problem-Solving and and
Front
Decision-Making Innovation
End
Research Consultancy
Powered by
Piet Holbrouck
20.10.2006 Slide 3
4. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
What is problem-solving?
Problem-Solving Expertise
www.mastersininnovation.com
(re-normalisation) (normalisation)
When expertise fails, one needs problem-solving.
Problem-solving is the discipline everybody needs.
20.10.2006 Slide 4
5. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Introduction to Non-Zero Ratio : what?
• Tool to solve the toughest problems
www.mastersininnovation.com
• Two conjugate parts:
• PANDORA Problem-Solving toolbox/process
• Non-Zero Behaviour : Specification of the
environment (attitude) needed to “run”
PANDORA
20.10.2006 Slide 5
6. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Validation of Non-Zero Ratio?
• Must succeed in providing solutions to hitherto
www.mastersininnovation.com
unsolved problems
• => Test-demo cases in different categories:
• Renormalisation
• Segmentation: traffic jam
• Filters of certainty
• Decision-making
• …
20.10.2006 Slide 6
7. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
What makes Non-Zero Ratio different?
• Distillation / selection of the finest sets of insights and
www.mastersininnovation.com
tools relevant especially to toughest problems
• Builds upon:
• Goldratt’s Theory Of Constraints – Thinking Processes
• Kahneman’s results on our Decision-Making in uncertainty
• John Nash’ win-win theorem
• Sync – complexity – evolution theories
• Altshuller’s TRIZ concepts
• Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
• Derivatives
• Kotter, Senge, Coleman, …
20.10.2006 Slide 7
8. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Key Insights 1 : Role of (re)normalisation to generate
new reinforcing Vision
www.mastersininnovation.com
• Breakthrough solutions break the norms
• “Structure of scientific revolutions” (T. Kuhn)
• Through a cycle : abnormal perspective
becomes normal after providing a
“normalised perspective” (examples:
Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity)
Normal => Abnormal (= absurd) <= New (normal) perspective
20.10.2006 Slide 8
9. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Key insights 2 : The relevance of win-win
www.mastersininnovation.com
20.10.2006 Slide 9
10. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Key insights 3 : Role of Segmentation
• Segmentation = different local optimizations, each local
www.mastersininnovation.com
optimization taking a different starting point, leading to different
types of solution
• Segments develop structures that tend to sustain themselves
• Each segment has its distinct advantage(s) and disadvantage(s)
• If segmentation exists, one can identify an ideal final solution as
the solution that combines all advantages of the different segments
while having no disadvantage; related to ideal final solution:
• TRIZ
• TOC (mapping of logic behind desirable and undesirable effects)
Stephen Covey 2nd habbit : begin with the end in mind
•
• The Ideal Final Solution will have properties mixed from several
segments
20.10.2006 Slide 10
11. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Key insights 4 : synchronized evolution path
• From complex systems theory
www.mastersininnovation.com
• Changing / modifying entire segments and
their structure leads to :
• Need to synchronize (Crf. Steven Strogatz)
• Evolution to ideal final solution over
consecutive steps “next-adjacent-possible”
(Cfr. Stuart Kauffmann)
20.10.2006 Slide 11
12. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Key insights 5 : Embrace uncertainty
www.mastersininnovation.com
• When leaving the “normal” zone, it
requires exploration to find those
“abnormal” (most people will say “absurd”)
assumptions that are key to the ideal final
solution path. During this exploration, the
attitude is to allow everything to be
questioned and seek new perspectives
supporting the “abnormal” directions …
20.10.2006 Slide 12
13. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Key insight 6 : Use TOC-Thinking Processes and
SCRIPTS Decision-making under uncertainty
www.mastersininnovation.com
• To map the complex logic and allow to
discuss it in a complete and traceable way
(Miller : 7+-2)
• To overcome the biases we make when
making decisions in uncertainty
(Kahneman Nobel Laureate 2002)
20.10.2006 Slide 13
14. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
What could we learn from Non-Zero Ratio in the case
of traffic congestion?
www.mastersininnovation.com
• Win-win : identify stakeholders. If traffic
congestion is solved, who would loose? =>
Public transport! : Tug-of-war : find win-win
• Segments : cars, public transport, trucks,
boats, airplanes, …
• Construct Ideal Final Solution
• Find evolutive “next-adjacent-possible” path.
20.10.2006 Slide 14
15. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
From undesirable effects to ideal final solution
• Car transport : Undesirable effects
www.mastersininnovation.com
• No alcohol (=> not possible to drive to parties with alcohol)
• Good eye-sight needed (=>elder, blind)
• Attention needed (=> accidents)
• Skill needed (=> accidents)
• Public transport (bus-train) : undesirable effects
• Less-flexible in timing
• Not end-to-end
• Derived Ideal Final Solution : combine all positives; drop the negatives
• Automated driving (alcohol, blind, no attention/skill, flexible, end-to-end)
20.10.2006 Slide 15
16. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
From Ideal Final Solution to Next Adjacent Possible
• Mix of car and train? …
www.mastersininnovation.com
• At traffic congestion points it is already
now desirable to mix car and train
properties:
• If clusters of cars could now behave as a
train, the throughput at congestion points
would significantly increase
• How? … …
20.10.2006 Slide 16
17. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
How to accomplish the next-adjacent-possible?
• Suggestion for the “next-adjacent-possible”:
www.mastersininnovation.com
• ALL (!) cars equipped with cruise-control that acts upon
distance to car before
• How to establish : synchronisation to have add-on to all cars
• Local infrastructure modified to avoid lane crossings at
traffic congestion points
• Mix stakeholders : public transport + car (to avoid forcing
public transport in a “loose” position)
• Note how abnormal (absurd) this direction is …
20.10.2006 Slide 17
18. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
What about the feasibility?
• Technical : OK
www.mastersininnovation.com
• Financial?
• Cost:
• Belgium : 5.000.000 cars x 2 k€/car=10.000 M€ cost to install
system
• + modifications to infrastructure …
• Return?
• Cost of traffic congestion : 2002, Belgium : about 500 M€
• Other elements :
• Car accidents : 12.000 M€/yr (only partially to t
• Injuries and deaths
• ROI ranges from over 20 yrs ((10.000+X)/500) to far shorter
20.10.2006 Slide 18
19. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Traffic jam threat as major opportunity
• From “Scripts” (Murnighan & Mowen) : missed opportunities if we
www.mastersininnovation.com
don’t do:
• Cities can maximize traffic throughput at rush hours rerouting traffic
circulation
• Car drivers can decide to use also in non-traffic congestion areas
• Learn to co-operate between segments (public transport – cars –
infrastructure – government – industry – individuals …)
• Learn to manage a massive synchronisation project
• Development of new products with economic potential (jobs, export)
• Recognition of Flanders/Belgium as world-wide leader
• Potential to extend this synchronisation to next steps (next-adjacent-
possible), such as control of steering
• Concluding : SCRIPTS leads to “do it”, especially as expected car
accidents (costing 12.000 M€/yr) can be expected to be dramatically
reduced
20.10.2006 Slide 19
20. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Concluding
• Of course, there are obstacles, but:
www.mastersininnovation.com
• What are they? Can they be overcome?
• Isn’t the direction of the solution evident, in the end?
• Isn’t the exercise besides exciting, potentially extremely
learningful with strong economical, political and social
potential?
• Why should we NOT take the opportunity?
• What next?
Feedback appreciated : piet.holbrouck@pandora.be
20.10.2006 Slide 20
21. A NEW PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLBOX
APPLIED ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION
www.mastersininnovation.com
Verhaert New Products & Services nv
Hogenakkerhoekstraat 21
9150 Kruibeke
Belgium
Tel +32 (0)3 250 19 00
Fax +32 (0)3 254 10 08
www.verhaert.com
info@verhaert.com
www.mastersininnovation.com
20.10.2006 Slide 21