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Cash and cash equivalents refer to currency, coins, checks, drafts, and other highly liquid instruments that are readily convertible to cash and have an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash includes currency on hand, demand deposits at banks, and cash funds set aside for current purposes. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that mature within three months, such as treasury bills, commercial paper, and time deposits acquired within three months of maturity. Investments with terms over three months must be separately classified as either short-term or long-term financial assets depending on their maturity date. Cash is measured at face value and presented as the first line item under current assets, with foreign currency translated to the reporting
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[SAMPLE DEPOSIT SLIP]
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Date: __________
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Checks $________
Total $________
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Main Street, Manila
Date: __________
Account No.: __________
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2) Key audit procedures for a cash account include obtaining a copy of the bank reconciliation, sending a standard bank confirmation, and obtaining a cutoff bank statement. The auditor will then test the bank reconciliation through procedures like verifying balances and tracing deposits.
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This document discusses cash management and provides information on:
1) The importance of cash management and maintaining an optimal level of cash. Excess cash is unproductive while inadequate cash can disrupt operations.
2) Motives for holding cash including transactions, precautionary, speculative, and compensatory motives. Transactions and compensatory motives are most important for businesses.
3) Objectives of cash management which are to meet payment schedules while minimizing cash balances. Firms must balance liquidity and profitability.
4) Strategies for cash management including cash flow projections, determining optimal cash levels, and models like EOQ, stochastic, and probability for determining optimal cash levels.
Alternative Investment
The document discusses various investment alternatives available to investors. It covers financial investments such as mutual funds, bonds, stocks, deposits etc. It also discusses non-financial investments such as real estate and precious metals. Specific government saving schemes like post office deposits, public provident fund etc. are explained. Money market instruments and their types including treasury bills, commercial paper and repos are defined. Key features of bonds, stocks and mutual funds are highlighted. Insurance products and retirement plans are also summarized.
bank accounts maintained by the business enterprise.pptx
Here are sample deposit and withdrawal slips that I designed based on my knowledge of basic banking documents:
[SAMPLE DEPOSIT SLIP]
ABC Bank
Main Street, Manila
Date: __________
Account No.: __________
Cash $________
Checks $________
Total $________
_________________________
Depositor's Signature
[SAMPLE WITHDRAWAL SLIP]
ABC Bank
Main Street, Manila
Date: __________
Account No.: __________
Cash Requested $________
_________________________
Account Holder's Signature
Fm notes 99
The important functions of a financial manager include:
1. Providing capital for business operations through programs and maintaining relationships with investors.
2. Managing short-term financing from banks and collections from customers.
3. Planning and controlling business operations through reporting and evaluating performance.
Debentures are debt instruments issued by companies as evidence of debt. Common types include secured/unsecured, convertible/non-convertible, and redeemable/perpetual debentures. Preference shares are hybrid instruments with characteristics of both debt and equity.
The balance sheet shows a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity on a particular date. Ratio analysis evaluates the financial health and performance of
critical indian financial system _Avinash Sullad
Finance refers to the resources or funds needed to carry out activities, rather than just money. It involves securing funds through financial management, services, and institutions. Finance can refer to personal needs of individuals or corporate needs of organizations. A financial system acts as an intermediary that facilitates the flow of funds from areas with surplus to areas with deficits. It consists of complex interconnected institutions, agents, practices, markets, transactions, claims, and liabilities. The financial system includes money markets, capital markets, and financial intermediation through various instruments. Money markets deal in short-term debt up to one year, while capital markets provide long-term financing over a year through equity and debt.
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This document discusses key aspects of financial management for cooperatives. It begins by defining financial management and its objectives, which include ensuring adequate and regular funding, optimal fund utilization, and safety of investments. It then outlines functions such as estimating capital needs, determining capital composition, choosing funding sources, and managing cash. The document also discusses internal controls for cash, accounts receivable, and inventories. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of financial management processes for cooperatives.
Non performing asset (npa)
This document discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking sector. It provides background on banking sector reforms in India and defines key terms related to NPAs such as non-performing asset, past due, and overdue. It notes that while reforms progressed in areas like interest rates and reserve requirements, the pace of reform did not match expectations. It also discusses the classification of assets as NPAs, with the criteria shifting from past due over 180-270 days to overdue over 90-180 days depending on the type of loan or bank. The document provides details on identifying and managing NPAs in the Indian banking system.
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2024.06 CPMN Cambridge - Beyond Now-Next-Later.pdf
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L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
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I. FAR.docx
- 1. Cash and Cash Equivalents Money standard medium of exchange in business transactions. It refers to the currency and coins which are in circulation and legal tender. Cash includes money and any other negotiable instrument that is payable in money and acceptable by the bank for deposit and immediate credit. It includes checks, bank drafts, and money orders because these are acceptable by the bank for deposit or immediate encashment. PAS 1, paragraph 66, which provides that an entity shall classify an asset as current when the asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted to settle a liability for more than twelve months after the end of the reporting period. “Cash” must be unrestricted in use. Cash items included in cash a. Cash on hand – includes undeposited cash collections and other cash items awaiting deposit such as customer’s checks, cashiers/manager’s checks, traveler’s checks, bank drafts and money orders. b. Cash in bank – includes demand deposit or checking account and saving deposit which are unrestricted as to withdrawal. c. Cash fund – set aside for current purposes such as petty cash fund, payroll fund, and dividend fund. Cash Equivalents PAS 7, paragraph 6 cash equivalents as short-term and highly liquid investments that re readily convertible into cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. The standard further states that only highly liquid investments that are acquired three months before maturity can qualify as cash equivalents. Examples of cash equivalents are: a. Three-month BSP treasury bill b. Three-year BSP treasury bill purchased three months before date of maturity c. Three-month time deposit d. Three-month money market instrument or commercial paper. Equity securities cannot qualify as cash equivalents because shares do not have a maturity date. Preference shares with specified redemption date and acquired three months before redemption date can qualify as cash equivalents. Thus, a BSP treasury bill that was purchased one year ago cannot qualify as cash equivalent even if the remaining maturity is three months/less. Investment of excess cash Classifications of investment of excess cash Investments in time deposit, money market instruments and treasury bills should be classified as follows: a. If the terms is three months or less, such instruments are classified as cash equivalents and therefore included in the caption “cash and cash equivalents” b. If the terms is more than three months but within one year, such investments are classified as short-term financial assets or temporary investments and presented separately as current assets. c. If the term is more than one year, such investments are classified as noncurrent or long-term investments. Measurement of cash Cash is measured at face value. Cash in foreign currency is measured at the current exchange rate. Financial statement presentation Cash and cash equivalents should be known as the first line item under current assets. Foreign currency Cash in foreign currency should be translated to Philippine pesos using the current exchange rate.