Histoire de la médecine les prémices de la pédiatrie en tant que spécialité.Réseau Pro Santé
Revue "La lettre de l'AJP n°11" janvier 2015
Sous-enseignée dans notre cursus, l’Histoire de la médecine est pourtant riche en anecdotes et en leçons. Le fondement de la médecine remonte à la nuit des temps et les médecins de l’antiquité en ont posé les premières bases scientifiques. Pourtant, la pédiatrie ne vit le jour en tant que spécialité officiellement reconnue que vers la fin du XIXème siècle (1). Découvrons ensemble, quels ont été les prémices de la pédiatrie.
1. Comment peut-on définir les concepts de pédiatrie et de pédiatre ?
La pédiatrie n’est pas née de l’individualisation d’un groupe de maladies, liée aux progrès de la physiopathologie, comme la cardiologie ou la pneumologie. Elle ne doit pas non plus son existence à des techniques particulières d’intervention, comme la chirurgie ou l’urologie. Et elle n’a pas été liée au développement d’une instrumentation spéciale permettant de visualiser et d’explorer les organes, comme l’ophtalmologie ou 1’otorhinolaryngologie. La pédiatrie s’adresse non à un organe ou un groupe d’organes particulier, non à une technique particulière, mais à un sujet particulier : l’enfant. Et, de suite, précisons qu’elle s’adresse non pas à un malade seulement, mais à l’enfant, ou mieux à l’enfance, dans toutes ses dimensions : physiologie, pathologie, psychologie, éducation, et surtout, prévention. Le pédiatre suit l’enfant depuis sa naissance et à travers son développement, sa croissance, ses vaccins et ses maladies. Il est l’interlocuteur privilégié des parents, surtout de la mère dont il est censé calmer l’anxiété dès qu’elle apparaît, c’est-à-dire dès la naissance de l’enfant et à la moindre incongruité.
reseauprosante.fr
Histoire de la médecine les prémices de la pédiatrie en tant que spécialité.Réseau Pro Santé
Revue "La lettre de l'AJP n°11" janvier 2015
Sous-enseignée dans notre cursus, l’Histoire de la médecine est pourtant riche en anecdotes et en leçons. Le fondement de la médecine remonte à la nuit des temps et les médecins de l’antiquité en ont posé les premières bases scientifiques. Pourtant, la pédiatrie ne vit le jour en tant que spécialité officiellement reconnue que vers la fin du XIXème siècle (1). Découvrons ensemble, quels ont été les prémices de la pédiatrie.
1. Comment peut-on définir les concepts de pédiatrie et de pédiatre ?
La pédiatrie n’est pas née de l’individualisation d’un groupe de maladies, liée aux progrès de la physiopathologie, comme la cardiologie ou la pneumologie. Elle ne doit pas non plus son existence à des techniques particulières d’intervention, comme la chirurgie ou l’urologie. Et elle n’a pas été liée au développement d’une instrumentation spéciale permettant de visualiser et d’explorer les organes, comme l’ophtalmologie ou 1’otorhinolaryngologie. La pédiatrie s’adresse non à un organe ou un groupe d’organes particulier, non à une technique particulière, mais à un sujet particulier : l’enfant. Et, de suite, précisons qu’elle s’adresse non pas à un malade seulement, mais à l’enfant, ou mieux à l’enfance, dans toutes ses dimensions : physiologie, pathologie, psychologie, éducation, et surtout, prévention. Le pédiatre suit l’enfant depuis sa naissance et à travers son développement, sa croissance, ses vaccins et ses maladies. Il est l’interlocuteur privilégié des parents, surtout de la mère dont il est censé calmer l’anxiété dès qu’elle apparaît, c’est-à-dire dès la naissance de l’enfant et à la moindre incongruité.
reseauprosante.fr
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
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𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
What Are The Immediate Steps To Take When The VW Temperature Light Starts Fla...Import Motorworks
Learn how to respond when the red temperature light flashes in your VW with this presentation. From checking coolant levels to seeking professional help, follow these steps promptly to prevent engine damage and ensure safety on the road.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
aesthetics, safety and practicality. Whether you see the car as a whole or step
closer and explore its unique features, the Octavia range radiates with the
harmony of functionality and emotion
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
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441. 1
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
This section has the description and repair procedures
for the differential, speed reducer, drive axle, wheel
bearings, and the mounts for the axle housing.
DESCRIPTION
The mount brackets for the drive axle housing are
fastened to the frame of the lift truck with six bolts on
the E/J1.25–1.75XL (E25–35XL) models and eight
bolts on the E2.00–3.00XL (E40–60XL),
E2.00–3.20XM (E45–65XM), J2.00–3.00 (J40–60XL)
and the N30XMH models. The outer ends of the axle
housings are the spindles for the wheel bearings. The
cups for the tapered roller bearings for the wheel
bearings are pressed into the wheel hubs. The nut on the
end of the spindle holds and adjusts the preload on the
wheel bearings. The axle shafts are fastened to the hubs
by capscrews. Studs and nuts fasten the wheel to the hub
and brake drum. The back plate and brake assemblies
are fastened to the mount brackets for the axle housing.
The transmission and differential are a single assembly.
(See FIGURE 6.) The transmission has a speed reducer
gear that engages the splines on the shaft of the traction
motor. A second speed reducer gear is fastened to the
pinion shaft for the differential.
There are three configurations of drive wheel mounts
used on the E/J1.25–1.75XL (E25–35XL) series of lift
trucks because of the variations in tires that are
available:
E1.25–1.75XL (E25–35XL)
standard solid tires
wide tread solid tires
J1.25–1.75XL
pneumatic tires
solid tires shaped like pneumatic tires
(The pneumatic tires are available in standard and wide
tread configurations, but the mount to the drive axle is
the same.)
The methods used to fasten the drive wheels to the hub
are different for the three configurations. See
FIGURE 3. When the drive axle is disassembled or
assembled, small changes in the procedure must be
made for the differences in the axles.
WARNING
The lift truck must be put on blocks for some
types of maintenance and repair. The removal of
the following assemblies will cause large changes
in the center of gravity: attachment, mast, drive
axle, battery, and the counterweight.
When the lift truck is put on blocks, put
additional blocks in the following positions:
a. Before removing the mast and drive axle, put
blocks under the counterweight so that the lift
truck can not tip backward.
b. Before removing the battery or counterweight,
put blocks under the mast assembly so that the lift
truck can not tip forward.
Put the lift truck on blocks only if the surface is solid,
even, and level. Make sure that any blocks used to
support the lift truck are solid, one piece units.
FIGURE 1. PUTTING THE LIFT TRUCK ON
BLOCKS
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