2. Most fundamental characteristics
of culture:
1. Culture is always a product of human
behavior
2. It is always transmitted through learning
3. It always gratifies human needs
4. It always tends toward integrating a society.
4. It is shared by and is transmitted to and among
the members of a social group..
Generally , man transmits culture by means of
ideas
The acquired learning of culture is passed on
to succeeding generations primarily through
language, but other symbolic means of
communications are utilized
6. It has to be understood that not all things
shared generally by a population are cultural.
Culture is not instinctive
It is acquired by each person through the
senses and from experiences.
Each individual must learn through himself.
No one is born equipped with a particular
language, or knowledge of religious beliefs
8. Culture is a group product developed by many
persons interacting in a group.
It is social due to man’s natural tendency of
sociability and gregariousness.
12. An individual is likely to utilize habitually a
cultural technique which gratifies him in some
way.
The patterns of culture continues to persist if
they continue to satisfy man’s need
Biological needs are components of culture
16. Means that the elements or traits that makes
up that culture are not just a random
assortment of customs but are mostly adjusted
to or consistent with one another.
A culture may be integrated for psychological
reasons. The traits of culture - attitude,
values, ideals, and rules for behavior – are
stored after all, in the brains of individuals.
18. Through the ages, the people of any given
place are able to retain certain features of their
culture that are significant in their relationship
and interactions with their fellow human
beings.
20. Principal ways in which this
process of culture adaptation
occurs
Parallelism – independent development of a
culture characteristics in two widely separated
cultures
Diffusion – much more common process of
patterns and traits passing back and forth from
one culture to another
21. Fission – a process that can be traced
historically when a long established society
breaks up into two or more independent units
Convergence – is the fusion of two or more
cultures into a new one which is somewhat
different from its predecessors.
23. Culture as a category
Culture as a tool in prediction
24. More specific functions of
culture:
Culture serve as “trademark” or special feature
that distinguishes one society from another.
Culture brings together, contains, and
interprets the values of a society in a more or
less systematic manner.
25. Culture provides one of the most important
bases for social solidarity
Culture provides a blue-print of, as well as the
materials for social structure.
The culture of any society is the dominant
factor in establishing and molding the social
personality
The culture of a society provides behavioral
patterns