Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus causing symptoms similar to the common cold but can lead to severe illness, especially in infants and older adults. Diagnosis involves various tests, and treatment focuses on supportive care, with options like antiviral therapy and oxygen therapy for severe cases. Early diagnosis and preventive measures are essential for managing HMPV infections.

1. What is HMPV?
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that affects
people of all ages. It causes symptoms similar to those of the common cold,
but it can be more severe, especially in infants and older adults.
by Prime Health

2. Etiology and Epidemiology
HMPV is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family
Pneumoviridae. It's closely related to other respiratory viruses
like RSV and influenza.
HMPV infections are common worldwide, particularly during the
winter months. They can occur at any age, but infants and young
children are most susceptible to severe illness.

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HMPV infects the epithelial
cells lining the upper and
lower respiratory tract, leading
to inflammation and mucus
production.
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Common symptoms include
cough, runny nose, fever,
wheezing, and difficulty
breathing.
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The severity of HMPV infection varies, ranging from mild cold-like
symptoms to severe bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and respiratory failure.

4. Diagnosis and Evaluation
Laboratory Testing
HMPV can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including
nasal swab PCR, rapid antigen tests, and serological assays.
Chest X-ray
Chest X-rays may be used to evaluate the severity of infection
and identify complications like pneumonia.

5. Treatment and Management
Supportive Care
Treatment for HMPV is mainly
supportive, focusing on
managing symptoms like fever,
cough, and breathing difficulties.
Antiviral Therapy
Antiviral medications like
ribavirin may be considered for
severe cases, especially in high-
risk individuals.
Oxygen Therapy
Oxygen therapy may be required for patients experiencing respiratory
distress.

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Inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, causing
wheezing and difficulty breathing.
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Infection of the lungs, leading to cough, fever, and chest pain.
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Inability of the lungs to provide adequate oxygen to the body,
requiring mechanical ventilation.

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HMPV is a common respiratory virus that can cause significant illness,
particularly in vulnerable populations. Early diagnosis, supportive care, and
preventive measures like vaccination are crucial to managing HMPV infection
and minimizing its impact.