This is a power point on particular Ethics to guide beginners on the branch of Philosophy called Ethics

1. HUMAN ACT

2. CONSTITUENTS OF HUMAN ACT
A Human Act is an act which has the
following :
Knowledge/advertence
Voluntariness
Freedom

3. ACTS OF MAN
 An Acts of Man is the direct opposite of
Human Act it is an act which does not have
the following:
 Knowledge/advertence
 Voluntariness
 Freedom

4. EXAMPLES OF ACTS OF MAN
 A baby crying when he is hungry
 An old person who reached senility forgetting what
he is doing or where he is going
 A psychopath doing something which unethical
 A person who walks from his sleep(somnambulism)

5. CONSTITUENTS OF HUMAN ACT
 KNOWLEDGE- A human act proceeds from the
deliberate will; it requires deliberation. Now
“deliberation” does not mean quiet, slow,
painstaking action. It means merely advertence, or
knowledge in intellect of what one is about and
what this means. An act may be done in the
twinkling of an eye, and still be deliberate.

6. CONSTITUENTS OF THE HUMAN ACT
 FREEDOM- An act is an act determined by the will
and by nothing else. It is an act, therefore, that is
under control of the will, an act that the will can do
or leave undone. Such an act is called a free act.
Thus every human act must be free. In other words,
freedom is an essential element of the human act.

7. CONSTITUENTS OF HUMAN ACT
 VOLUNTARINESS- The Latin word for will is
voluntas, and from this word we derive the
English terms, voluntary and voluntariness. To
say that an act is voluntary is to say that it is a
will act.

8. CONSTITUENTS OF HUMAN ACT
 VOLUNTARINESS- Is the formal essential
quality of human act, and for it to be present,
there must be both knowledge and freedom
in the agent.

9. MORALITY
The quality of Human Act
which leads us to call some
of them good and some
evil.

10. MORAL
A human act that is found in
agreement with the Norm of
Morality

11. IMMORAL
A Human Act that is
found in disagreement
with the norm of
Morality

12. DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY
The tools in assessing if a
Human Act is moral, immoral,
or amoral. Based on the three
determinants

13. OBJECT
The human act performed, the
deed done. The intrinsic
quality of a human act either
good or evil .

14. CIRCUMSTANCE
Conditions that affect an act
and may affect it morally-
although they do not belong
to the essence of the act as
such

15. CIRCUMSTANCE
In other words, circumstances are
conditions without which the act
could exist, but which happen to
affect or qualify it in its concrete
performance.

16. CIRCUMSTANCE
Examples of circumstance: are
place, time,company etc..in
which an act is performed

17. CIRCUMSTANCE
We enumerate seven(7) circumstance:
who(quis),what(quid), where(ubi), with
what ally(quibus auxiliis), In what
condition(cur)when(quomodo)why(qua
ndo)

18. END
Is a termination and goal of
activity.In a human act the end
is the final cause.

19. END
There are two types of END
END OF THE ACT
END OF THE AGENT

20. END OF THE ACT
The end of the Act- is the end toward
which the act of its own nature tends.
Example: The giving of food to poor
people relieves their hunger

21. END OF THE AGENT
The End of the Agent- Is that which the
agent (doer or performer of the act) intends
or wishes to achieve by his act.
It is the end he has in view, his purpose, his
motive in performing the act

22. END
A human act which is good in itself may
still be evil by reason of the end (of the
agent) for which it is performed. But a
human act which is evil in itself cannot
be made good by reason of the end for
which it is performed.