2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
Muistisairaan ravitsemus – pullosta vai porkkanasta?
1. Muistisairaan ravitsemus –
pullosta vai porkkanasta?
Ari Rosenvall
Yleislääketieteen erikoislääkäri
Mehiläinen Ympyrätalo
2. Alzheimerin tauti
Suomessa on tällä
hetkellä n. 250 000
ihmistä, joilla on
muistioireita – näistä
ehkä puolella on
etenevä
muistisairaus.
Alzheimerin tauti on
tavallisin etenevä
muistisairaus; n. 60-
70% kaikista
muistisairauksista.
Auguste D
03.11.190
6
Tübingen,
Saksa
3. MMSE
Alzheimerin taudin vaiheet
VUOSIA
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
AT
VAARASSA
VARHAINEN AT
PREDEMENTIA
Mukailtu: Reisberg et al Alzh Dis Assoc Disord, 1994, 8
LIEVÄ
AT
KESKI-VAIKEA
AT
VAIKEA AT
LIEVÄ KOGNITIIVINEN
HEIKENTYMINEN
4. Alzheimerin tauti
Hermosolujen vaurioituminen alkaa jo
vuosia ennen ensimmäisten oireiden
ilmaantumista.
Hermosolujen väliin kertyy
amyloidiplakkeja ja hermosolujen sisälle
säiekertymiä (tau-proteiinia).
Varhaisin oire on yleensä
tapahtumamuistin heikkeneminen, mutta
edetessään sairaus vaikuttaa kaikkiin
tiedonkäsittelytoimintoihin ja
myöhäisvaiheessa myös fyysiseen
toimintakykyyn.
5. Synapsikato
Aivoissa on miljardeja
erikoistuneita hermosoluja
Hermosolut viestivät
keskenään synapsien kautta
Alzheimerin taudissa
synapsit vaurioituvat ja
tuhoutuvat, mikä heikentää
aivotoimintaa.
6. Mikä korreloi parhaiten
muistisairauden vaikeusasteen
kanssa?
Synapsikato/neuronikato
Välittäjäainekato – asetyylikoliini
Hermosäiekimput
Amyloidiplakit
7. Muistisairaiden ravitsemuksen
toteutuminen Suomessa
Tutkimuksia on hyvin vähän.
SuMu: Ravitsemus muistisairaan
kodissa -projekti 2009–2012
◦ Yksilöllisellä ravitsemusohjauksella saatiin
selvä paraneminen erityisesti kalsiumin ja
proteiinin saantiin (satunnaistettu
tutkimus).
◦ Interventioryhmässä paranemista
muistitoimintojen ja ajattelun osalta.
8. Ravitsemus ja aivot
• Välttämättömien ravintoaineiden puutos voi aiheuttaa neurologisia
oireita
• Ruokavalio ja ravintoaineiden saanti voi muuttua iän myötä
• Alzheimer-potilailla huono ravitsemus voi johtua ruokailun
unohtumisesta, ruokailumieltymysten muuttumisesta ja/tai hajuaistin
muutoksista
• Epidemiologisen näytön mukaan ravintoaineiden saannilla voi olla
yhteys dementiaan
– B-vitamiini
– Antioksidantit – C- ja E-vitamiinit
– Ravintorasvat
9. Beta-amyloidin muodostuminen:
FortasynTM Connect-ravintolisä vähentää AT
patologiaa
Abeta production
Abeta (pg/mg dry matter)
Transgenic
600
300
0
Wild type
Ctrl FortasynTM
Connect *
Ctrl FortasynTM
Connect *
*
Plaque burden
Plaque burden (%)
Transgenic
0.70
0.35
0.00
Wild type
Ctrl FortasynTM
Connect *
Ctrl FortasynTM
Connect *
*
Neuro degeneration
Neurodegeneration (%)
FortasynTM
Connect *
FortasynTM
Connect *
Transgenic
1.0
0.5
0.0
Wild type
Ctrl Ctrl
*
*
Transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer pathology
Broersen et al., 2013 JAD 4 mo 7 mo 10 mo
10. 2 haastetta Alzheimer-potilaan
ravitsemuksessa
Synapsien
säilyminen
edellyttää
enemmän
ravinteita
Ravinteiden
määrä Alzheimer-potilailla
on
vähäisempi
• Alzheimerin tauti aiheuttaa synapsikatoa.
• Tietyt ravinteet ovat välttämättömiä synapsien
muodostamiseksi.
• Alhaisemmat veripitoisuudet.
• Alhaisemmat pitoiosuudet aivoissa.
• Heikompi ravinteiden saanti
• Aineenvaihdunta ja imeytyminen heikentynyttä.
11. Tutkimusjulkaisu
Mi et al, Nutrition, 2013
Δ - altered
nutrient intake
Δ - compromised nutrient
uptake and metabolism
Increased nutritional requirements in AD
Δ - increased
synapse loss
lower nutrient
status in AD patients
12. Synapsikato on AT-potilaiden toiminnanvajausten
rakenteellinen perusta - Keskeinen hoitokohteemme
Pienentynyt synapsimäärä
10 *
Verrokit MCI Alzheimer
5
0
-13% -44%
Synapseja gyrus dentatuksen alueella (x1010)
13. Synapsimuodostus vaatii tiettyja
ravinteita ja kofaktoreita
•Synapseja muokataan jatkuvasti
•Synapsit ovat osa hermosolukalvoa
•Solukalvot rakentuvat fosfolipideistä
•Fosfolipiden synteesi riippuu uridiinin, koliinin
ja DHA:n määrästä.
•Kofaktorit lisäävät fosfolipidien synteesiä
lisäämällä esiasteiden saatavuutta
Folic acid
B12
B6
Phospholipids
EPA DHA
Vit C
Selenium
Vit E
Precursors
Cofactors
Choline
UMP
Phosphocholine
CDP-choline
CTP
Phospahtidylcholine
DAG
Brain
NEURONAL MEMBRANE
Mainly supported by basic scientific data
15. Meta-analysis – Lower
plasma vitamin C & E in
AD
Vitamin E
Aejmelaeus '97
Ahlskog '95
Baldeiras '08
Battino '03
Bourdel-Marchasson '01
Ciabattoni '07
Engelhart '05
Feillet-Coudray '99
Fernandes '99
Glaso '04
Iuliano '10
Jimenez-Jimenez '97
Mas '06
Polidori '04
Polidori '02
Ryglewicz '02
Schippling '00
Sinclair '98
Zaman '92
Unadjusted Overall (REML, I-squared=87%, P<0.001)
Age adjusted Overall (REML meta-regression, P<0.001)
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
AD lower AD higher
Vitamin C
Aejmelaeus '97
Agbayewa '92
Glaso '04
Paraskevas '97
Polidori '04
Polidori '02
Schippling '00
Sinclair '98
Unadjusted Overall (REML, I-squared=88%, P<0.001)
Age adjusted Overall (REML meta-regression, P<0.001)
-60 -40 -20 0 20
AD lower AD higher
5.6 (3.3 - 8.0); p < 0.001
6.2 (3.3 – 9.1); p <0.001
14.1 (6.7 – 21.5); p = 0.001
14.2 (6.3 – 22.2); p < 0.001
Unadjusted overall
mean difference (95% CI)
Age-adjusted overall
mean difference (95% CI)
Lopes da Silva et al, Alzheimers Dement, 2013
16. Lower nutrient status in AD
independent of nourishment status
Similar
results for
plasma levels
of vitamins
B12 and C
Folate Vitamin E
Ahlskog '95
Baldeiras '08
Bourdel-Marchasson '01
Ciabattoni '07
Feillet-Coudray '99
Glaso '04
Mangialasche '11
Polidori '04
Polidori '02
Sinclair '98
Zaman '92
15
37
23
44
14
17
187
55
40
41
20
24.6
36.8
42.3
52.0
34.3
37.6
38.9
50.2
33.0
36.0
30.0
Unadjusted Overall (REML, I-squared=90%, P<0.001)
Age adjusted Overall (REML meta-regression, P<0.001)
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10
AD lower AD higher
Agarwal '10
Anello '04
Asita De Silva '05
Cascalheira '09
Clarke '98
Dominguez '05
Faux '11
Galimberti '08
Galluci '04
Hogervorst '02
Karimi '09
Koseoglu '07
127
181
21
36
108
19
760
23
42
62
88
49
49
40
15.7
15.7
19.7
20.4
22.9
29.6
30.3
19.8
14.1
24.9
35.2
8.6
15.9
28.1
30.1
5.9
9.7
1.7
10.0
9.0
12.7
6.2
11.1
11.3
32.9
3.2
8.6
3.4
-15 -10 -5 0 5
4.35 (2.27-6.42); P < 0.001
4.64 (2.02-7.26); P = 0.001
8.56 (5.52-11.59); P < 0.001
9.71 (6.15-13.27); P = 0.001
Unadjusted overall
mean difference (95% CI)
Age-adjusted overall
mean difference (95% CI)
Irizarry '05
Joosten '97
Unadjusted Overall (REML, I-squared=87%, P<0.001)
Age adjusted Overall (REML meta-regression, P=0.001)
AD lower AD higher
Lopes da Silva et al, Alzheimers Dement, 2013
17. Lower nutrient status preceding
classic protein energy
malnutrition
• Epidemiological relate dietary patterns with AD risk
Mi et al, Nutrition, 2013
18. Brain uptake of choline – decreases
with ageing
• Choline intake increases plasma levels similarly in younger and
older adults
• Brain choline shows lower increase after choline intake in older
compared with younger adults
0.6
0.2
-0.2
20 40 60 80 100
Choline – Creatine Ratio Change
After Choline Intake
Age (y)
Cohen et al. JAMA. 1995
Older men
Older women
Younger men
Younger women
p < 0.001 for younger
vs older subjects
19. Changed eating behaviour in
AD
• Changes in regulation of appetite
• Hypometabolism of hypothalamus, Hippocampus atrophy,
impairment of olfaction and taste
• Genetic predisposition
• Metabolic changes: increase TNF-alpha levels …
adapted from Wirth 2012
Preclinical stage
• Ability to maintain attention & concentration
• Reduced intake, unbalanced nutrient choice
• Increased energy requirements
• Restless, wandering…
• Co-morbid medical illness…
Early stage of
AD
• Reduced energy intake
• Apraxy, dependency…
• Dysphagia
• Medication with sedative effects
Late stage of AD
20. Alzheimerin tauti ja
ravitsemus
Ravinnon koliini kulkeutuu huonommin
ikäihmisten kuin nuorten aivoihin.
Mitä pidemmälle edennyt Alzheimerin
tauti, sitä huonommin maksa tuottaa
alfalinoleenihaposta (ALA)
pitkäketjuisempia omega-3
rasvahappoja (esim. DHA, EPA), joita
hermosolukalvojen uudistuminen
vaatii.
21. Ravintoaineet ja Alzheimerin
tauti
Monien ravintoaineiden pitoisuuksien plasmassa on
todettu olevan Alzheimer-potilailla pienemmät kuin
terveillä verrokeilla
◦ Tämä viittaa siihen, että useiden ravintoaineiden systeeminen
saatavuus voi olla heikentynyt Alzheimerin taudissa.
◦ Myös Alzheimerin tautiin liittyvät ruokailukäyttäytymisen ja
aineenvaihdunnan muutokset voivat vaikuttaa asiaan
◦ Joidenkin ravintoaineiden tarve voi myös olla suurentunut
Alzheimerin taudissa esim. siksi, että niitä tarvitaan tavallista
runsaammin neuronikalvon ja synapsien muodostukseen.
22. Ravinnon esiasteiden vaikutus
hermosolukalvon synteesiin
Hermosolukalvon biosynteesin
Kennedy-reitti
Kalvot ovat synapsien
tärkein osa
Fosfolipidit
Koliini
Fosfolipidit
Koliini
Fosfokoliini
CDP-koliini
Fosfatidyylikoliini
Uutta hnerumroonsiokalulvkoaalvoa
Uridiini
Omega-Omega-3
3
rasvahapot
Kennedy et al, 1965, J Biol Chem 193-214
23. Ravinnosta saatavien esiasteiden välinen
synergia on vaikutusmekanismin perusta
UMP UMP
DHA
DHA
***
*
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Wurtman et al. Brain Res. 2005;Wurtman et al. Brain Res. 2006
24. Ravinnon esiasteet lisäävät kalvoriippuvaisten
rakenteiden määrää: hermohaarakkeiden kasvu
Hermohaarakkeiden kasvu lisääntyy
Verrokit
Uridiini
150 μmol/l
Pooler et al. Neuroscience. 2005
Myös B-vitamiinit, koliini ja omega-3-rasvahapot
stimuloivat hermohaarakkeiden kasvua in vitro1-5
1Darios et al. Nature. 2006; Wang et al. Neurosci Lett. 2000; Calderon et al. J Neurochem. 2004
26. Ravinnon esiasteet ja kofaktorit:
Kehitetty tehostamaan synapsimuodostusta
Hermosolukalvon biosynteesin
Kennedy-reitti
Kalvot ovat synapsien
tärkein osa
Dendriittiuloke
Aksoni
Synapsi
Phospholipids
Fosfolipidit
Choline
koliini
Fosfokoliini
CDP-koliini
fosfatidyylikoliini
NewUnuesiuhroenrmalomsoelmukbarlavnoe
Uridiinnei
B-vitamins
vitamiinnsit
antioksidantit
anti-oxidants
Omega-3
DfHatAtyjaacEiPdAs
27. Ravinnon esiasteet ja
kofaktorit
Lisäävät fosfolipidien määrää
ikääntyneiden rottien
hippokampuksessa.
Lisäävät asetyylikoliinin määrää
ikääntyneiden rottien
hippokampuksessa.
M. Cansev et al. / Neurobiology of Aging (2014) 1-8 (hyv. julk. 18.7.2014)
28. Keskeisten prekliinisten tietojen
yhteenveto
Keskeiset tutkimusaiheet
• Parantaa esiasteiden saantia
• Tehostaa fosfolipidien/solukalvon synteesiä
• Lisää hermohaarakkeiden kasvua
• Lisää synapsien muodostusta (dendriittiulokkeet, proteiinit)
• Lisää neurotransmissiota (ACh-synteesi, vapautuminen, reseptorit)
• Ravintoaineiden välinen synergia
• Parantaa oppimista
• Kaikki osa-alueet (kalvo, oppiminen ja muisti)
Julkaistu
1,2,3
3,4,5,6
7,8
6,9
7,10,11,12
4,9,12,17
13-18
18, 19
1. van Wijk et al. Brit J Nutr. 2011
2. Cansev et al. Brain Res. 2005
3. Ulus et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2006
4. Wurtman et al. Brain Res. 2006
5. Cansev et al. Neuroscience. 2007
6. Sakamoto et al. Brain Res. 2007
7. Wang et al. J Mol Neurosci. 2005
8. Pooler et al. Neuroscience. 2005
9. Cansev et al. Dev Neurosci. 2009
10. Farkas et al. Brain Res. 2002
11. Wang et al. Brain Res. 2007
12. Savelkoul et al. J Neurochem. (in press)
13. Teather et al. J Nutr. 2006
14. de Wilde et al. Brain Res. 2003
15. de Wilde et al. Brain Res. 2002
16. de Bruin et al. J Learn Mem. 2003
17. Holguin et al. Behav Brain Res. 2008
18. Broersen et al. abs AAIC. 2011
19. de Wilde et al. J Alz Dis. 2011
29. Hermosolukalvon uudistumisen
kannalta ihanteellinen ravinto
400 mg Choline
400 mcg Folate
300 mg EPA
625 mg UMP
3 mcg Vit B12
1 mg Vit B6
80 mg Vit C
1200 mg DHA
106 mg Phospholipids
60 mcg Selenium
40 mg Vit E
No studies showing foods
substantially increase plasma
uridine exist
30. Synapsikato on Alzheimerin taudissa
varhainen tapahtuma ja johtaa muistin
heikkenemiseen
Synapsikato on Alzheimerin taudin
jatkumolla varhainen tapahtuma
Sperling et al., Alz & Dement, 2011
Synapsikato on yhteydessä
muistin heikkenemiseen
Scheff et al. , Neurobiol Aging, 2006
31. Souvenaid – kehitetty tukemaan
synapsien muodostusta
Souvenaidin kehitys perustuu yli 10 vuoden tutkimukseen. Kliinisen
tutkimusohjelman pohjana olleet prekliiniset tutkimukset tehtiin
Massachusetts Institute of Technology –yliopistossa (MIT)
Fortasyn™ Connect Kohde
Uridiini (UMP)
Omega-3-rasvahapot
Koliini
Fosfolipidit
B-vitamiinit
Antioksidantit
Synapsimuodostuksen
tukeminen
Useita kansainvälisiä prekliinisiä tutkimusryhmiä
Mm. Lipidiet, LipiDiDiet, Dementia, Neuronutrients
Tri Kiliaan, prof. Soininen, prof. Hartmann
32. Souvenaidin kliininen kehitys AT:n eri vaiheissa
Alzheimerin tauti
Lievä
Prodromaalivaiheen AT
Myöhäinen MCI
Alzheimerin tauti
Keskivaikea
MMSE 14–24, AT-lääkitys käytössä
WMS-r & ADAS-Cog
MMSE 20–26, ei AT-lääkitystä
NTB + EEG
ADAS-Cog
MMSE ≥ 20, ei AT-lääkitystä
S-Connect:
Souvenir I
Souvenir II
Avoin
MEG
MRS
Souvenir I: Projekti sai rahoitusta Alankomaiden STW:ltä
Souvenir II: Projekti sai rahoitusta Alankomaiden Food & Nutrition Delta -hankkeelta, FND N°10003
MEG: Projekti sai rahoitusta Alankomaiden Food & Nutrition Delta -hankkeelta, FND N°10003
LipiDiDiet: Rahoitus: EU FP7 -hanke LipiDiDiet, sopimus 211696
Turvallisuus + hoito-myöntyvyys
+ NTB
31P ja 1H-MRS
MMSE ≥ 20, ei AT-lääkitystä
NTB + MK/likvori
MMSE ≥ 24, ei AT-lääkitystä
MEG + EEG +NTB
MMSE ≥ 20, ei AT-lääkitystä
LipiDiDiet
MCI
Varhainen MCI
Uusi
Havainnointi-tutkimus
IADL + tositilanne
MMSE 20–26
33. Souvenir I: Asetelma ja
menetelmät
• Monikeskustutkimus (28 keskusta:
Alankomaat, Belgia, Saksa, Iso-Britannia)
• Päätutkija: prof. Philip Scheltens, VU Medical
Centre Amsterdam
• Aiemmin hoitamattomia potilaita, joilla
todennäköinen, lievä Alzheimerin tauti
(MMSE 20–26)
Satunnaistettu, kaksoissokkoutettu,
lumekontrolloitu rinnakkaisryhmätutkimus
• Interventio: Souvenaid-juoma kerran
vuorokaudessa (125 ml/vrk)
• Ensisijaiset päätetapahtumat: sanojen
viivästetty mieleenpalautus, WMS-r,
modifioitu ADAS-Cog
n = 212
Tulosparametrit
Souvenaid (n = 106)
Lumevalmiste (n = 106)
t ≤-3 t=0 6 12
Scheltens et al. Alz & Dement 2010.
34. Souvenir I: Souvenaid paransi muistia
Merkitsevästi* (p = 0,021) enemmän
vasteita lievää Alzheimerin tautia
sairastavilla 12 viikon kuluttua
Merkitsevästi* (p = 0,019) enemmän
vasteita hyvin lievää Alzheimerin
tautia sairastavilla (MMSE 24–26)
12 viikon kuluttua
* Khiin neliö
Viivästetty sanamuisti,WMS-r
50
40
30
20
10
0
huononi ennallaan parani
Scheltens et al. Alz & Dement 2010.
Lumevalmiste
Souvenaid
% potilaista
50
40
30
20
10
0
huononi ennallaan parani
35. Souvenir I: ADAS-Cog 13 -pisteet
molemmissa ryhmissä samaa luokkaa
Toistomittausten sekamallianalyysi
Kliininen tila
parani
Kliininen tila
huononi
Viikko
-4
-3
-2
-1012
Scheltens et al. Alz & Dement 2010.
Souvenaid Lumevalmiste
0 6 12
Muutos lähtötasolta
36. S-Connect: yhdysvaltalainen
tutkimus
Satunnaistettu, kontrolloitu, kaksoissokkoutettu, rinnakkaisryhmissä
toteutettu monikeskustutkimus, jossa arvioitiin kliinisen ravinto-valmisteen
käyttöä lievää tai keskivaikeaa Alzheimerin tautia
sairastavilla, vakiintunutta AT-lääkitystä käyttävillä potilailla
Päätutkijat:
tri David Bennett & tri Raj Shah
Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Centre
Chicago, Yhdysvallat
37. S-Connect: Turvallisuus ja hoitoon
sitoutuminen
Ei kliinisesti oleellisia eroja seuraavissa seikoissa:
◦ (Vakavien) haittatapahtumien määrät aktiivi- ja
verrokkiryhmissä
◦ Turvallisuutta koskevat munuais- ja maksa-arvot
◦ Tutkimuksen keskeyttäminen (potilasmäärä) (vakavien)
haittatapahtumien vuoksi
Hoitoon sitoutuminen 24 viikon aikana oli yleisesti ottaen
erinomaista, 94 %, eikä ryhmien välillä ollut eroja
38. Huononi
S-Connect: ADAS-Cog-pisteet olivat
molemmissa ryhmissä samaa luokkaa
Vaikutus ADAS-Cog-pisteisiin
24 viikon aikana (p = 0,513)
lähtötas
o
Viikko
12
Souvenaid Lumevalmiste Adas-cog pisteiden keskimuutos
lähtötasolta
S-Connect: Tilastollinen analyysi: Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center
Hoitoaikomuspopulaatio (ITT), toistomittausten sekamalli (keskiarvo± keskivirhe)
Viikko
24
39. S-Connect: Yhteenveto
• Souvenaid ei vaikuttanut kognitioon taudin
myöhemmissä vaiheissa
• Turvallisuusprofiili oli tässä tutkimuksessa
suotuisa, kun valmistetta käytettiin
vakiintuneen Alzheimer-lääkityksen lisänä
24 viikon ajan
• Erinomainen hoitoon sitoutuminen
40. Souvenir II: tutkimus
Satunnaistettu, lumekontrolloitu, kaksoissokkoutettu,
rinnakkaisryhmissä toteutettu monikeskustutkimus, jossa
arvioitiin kliinisen ravintovalmisteen käyttöä lievää tai hyvin
lievää Alzheimerin tautia sairastavilla.
Päätutkija:
Tri Philip Scheltens
Alzheimer Centre VUmc
Amsterdam, Alankomaat
41. Souvenir II: Päätetapahtumat
Ensisijainen: muisti: NTB-testin muistiosion pisteet (z-pisteet)
• RAVLT: välitön ja viivästetty mieleenpalautus ja tunnistus
• WMS-testin sanaparit, välitön ja viivästetty
Toissijaiset: NTB-testin toiminnanohjausosio, NTB-testin kokonaispisteet
yhteensä, DAD, ravitsemuksen biomarkkerit, turvallisuus
Biomarkkerit
EEG (toiminnalliset yhteydet)
– EEG mittaa aivojen sähköisen toiminnan kuvioita
– Signaalin voimakkuus ja frekvenssijakauma ovat yhteydessä
synapsimäärään ja synapsitoimintaan
MEG-alatutkimus
– Arvioidaan aivojen verkostojen rakenteen ja tehokkuuden
muutoksia
42. Souvenir II: Suotuisa turvallisuusprofiili ja
odotetut biokemialliset muutokset
• Ei ryhmien välisiä eroja (p = 0,440) (vakavan) haittatapahtuman kokeneiden
potilaiden määrissä (18 vakavaa haittatapahtumaa; 11 aktiivi- ja 7 lumeryhmässä)
• Ei kliinisesti merkittävää eroa munuais- eikä maksa-arvoissa
• Hoitoon sitoutuminen 24 viikon aikana oli yleisesti ottaen erinomaista molemmissa
ryhmissä (97,1 % aktiivi- ja 96,6 % verrokkiryhmässä)
DHA:n osuus plasman punasolujen
solukalvosta suureni (p < 0,001)
Plasman homokysteiini-pitoisuus
pieneni (p < 0,001)
Lumevalmiste
Souvenaid
Lumevalmiste
Souvenaid
lähtötaso viikko 24 lähtötaso viikko 24
DHA % punasolujen solukalvon kaikista
rasvahapoista
Plasman homokysteiini pitoisuuden keskiarvo
(μmol/l)
P. Scheltens et al. Journal of Alzheimers’s Disease 31 (2012) 225-236
43. Souvenir II: Souvenaidin vaikutus lievää
Alzheimerin tautia sairastavien potilaiden muistiin
Merkitsevä (p = 0,023) vaikutus NTB-testin
muistiosion tuloksiin 24 viikossa
Souvenir II: tilastollinen analyysi: Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center
ITT-populaatio, toistomittausten sekamalli, 2 vapausasteen kontrasti (muutospolku, keskiarvo± keskivirhe)
Parani
Lumevalmiste
Souvenaid
lähtötaso viikko 12 viikko 24
P. Scheltens et al. Journal of Alzheimers’s Disease 31 (2012) 225-236
44. Souvenir II: Souvenaidin vaikutus lievää
Alzheimerin tautia sairastavien potilaiden
toiminnanohjaukseen
Vaikutus NTB-testin
toiminnanohjausosion
pisteisiin 24 viikossa (p = 0,686)
Parani
Huononi
Lumevalmiste
Souvenaid
lähtötaso viikko 12 viikko 24
Souvenir II: ITT-populaatio, toistomittausten sekamalli, 2 vapausasteen kontrasti (muutospolku, keskiarvo± keskivirhe)
P. Scheltens et al. Journal of Alzheimers’s Disease 31 (2012) 225-236
45. Souvenir II: Yhteenveto
• Souvenaid parantaa muistia 24 viikon kuluessa
lievää Alzheimerin tautia sairastavilla
• Erinomainen turvallisuusprofiili (vahvistettu
open label -jatkotutkimuksessa –yhteensä 48
viikkoa)
• Erinomainen hoitoon sitoutuminen (vahvistettu
open label- jatkotutkimuksessa –yhteensä 48
viikkoa)
46. Uusia tutkimuksia
Mapstone et al: Plasma phospholipids
identify antecedent memory
impairment in older adults (advance
online publication Nature Medicine
2014).
Hartmann et al (Journal of Alzheimer’s
Disease 41 (2014) 715–717): näitä
fosfolipidimuutoksia voidaan korjata
ravintolisällä (Souvenaid).
47. Secondary Analysis: low BMI as
predictor for ADL
ADCS-ADL Change from baseline (EMM)
over 24 weeks in the subgroup of patients
with ‘low’ (≤ mean) baseline BMI.
48. LipiDiDiet: EU-rahoitteinen, meneillään
oleva pitkäaikaistutkimus
Päätutkija: prof. Hilkka Soininen, Itä-Suomen yliopisto,
Kuopio
Monikansallinen monikeskustutkimus (13 keskusta Alankomaissa, Saksassa,
Ruotsissa ja Suomessa)
24 kk satunnaistettu, kontrolloitu tutkimus;
mukana 300 potilasta, joilla prodromaalivaiheen AT
Soveltuvuuskriteerit:
– Todettu prodromaalivaiheen Alzheimerin tauti (Dubois et al, 2007)
– MMSE ≥ 24
Päätetapahtumat:
– Ensisijainen: Neuropsychological Test Battery -testin z-pisteet
– Toissijaiset: Tilan eteneminen Alzheimerin taudiksi, toiminnalliset (ADCS-ADL)
ravitsemusbiomarkkerit, turvallisuus ja hoitoon sitoutuminen
– Biomarkkerit: Likvori ja MK
49. EU – Funded* LipiDiDiet: Proof of
concept study in prodromal AD
• Principle investigator: H. Soininen (UEF, Kuopio, Finland)
• 24-Month randomized, controlled, multicenter (11 sites in Fin, Swe, Ger, NL)
• Drug-naive prodromal AD patients (Dubois et al., 2007) (recruited 240 / 300)
• Primary Outcome: Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB)
• Secondary Outcomes:
• Progression to AD
• Functional Abilities
• CSF and MRI
* Funded by the EU FP7 project
LipiDiDiet, Grant Agreement #211696
50. LipiDiDiet: Baseline Characteristics
Based on available data from subjects included up till Jan 2013
1 All subjects with available data. Data are mean ± SD unless stated otherwise.
* Not all CSF samples and MRIs from included subjects are analysed at this moment.
51. Vaikutusmekanismi – MEG, MRS ja FDG-PET
MEG-tutkimus, jossa arvioidaan Souvenaidin vaikutusta
magnetoenkefalo-grammiin 24 viikon kuluessa 48 henkilöllä, jolla on
lievä AT – Souvenir II -tutkimuksen osatutkimus
MRS-tutkimus (MRS = magneettispektroskopia), jossa arvioidaan
Souvenaidin vaikutusta aivojen aineenvaihduntatuotteisiin 4 viikon aikana
30 potilaalla, joilla on lievä AT
FDG-PET-tutkimus, jossa arvioidaan Souvenaidin vaikutusta aivojen
glukoosimetaboliaan 18F-fluorodeoksiglukoosimerkkiaineella
toteutettavan positroniemissiotomografiatutkimuksen avulla; mukana
80 potilasta, joilla lievä AT
52. Johtopäätöksiä ja tulevaisuuden
suuntia
• Souvenaid parantaa lievää Alzheimerin tautia sairastavien
muistisuorituksia 24 viikon aikana
– Kahdessa tutkimuksessa todettiin suotuisa vaikutus lievää Alzheimerin
tautia sairastavien muistisuorituksiin (ensisijainen päätetapahtuma;
Souvenir 1 & 2)
• Souvenaid ei vaikuttanut kognitioon keskivaikeassa taudissa (S-Connect)
• Souvenaid on hyvin siedetty
• Tietojen analyysi jatkuu, uutta tietoa biomarkkereista (EEG)
• Jatkuva sitoutuminen meneillään olevaan tutkimusohjelmaan
– Teho prodromaalivaiheen Alzheimerin taudissa 24–36 kk ajan
– Mekanismiin liittyvät biomarkkerit (MEG, likvori, MK ja MRS, FDG-PET)
– Tulossa uusi, taudin varhaisempia vaiheita koskeva tutkimus