Paul Young provides a summary of key topics related to maximizing a circular economy and mitigating climate change issues. He outlines Canada and global GDP forecasts, leading sustainable economies, global emissions levels, the importance of forestry management, and definitions of a circular economy. He then analyzes Canada's economy and environment, the role of plastics GDP, taxation approaches, cost modeling, and mitigating climate change impacts. Young concludes by suggesting priorities like improved regulations, innovations, clean recycling, and cooperation across levels of government.

1. P A U L Y O U N G C P A C G A
D E C E M B E R 2 7 , 2 0 2 1
HOW DO YOU MAXIMIZE
A CIRCULAR ECONOMY
AND MITIGATE ISSUES
WITH CLIMATE CHANGE

2. Paul Young - Bio
• CPA, CGA (1996)
• Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2)
• SME – Customer Success Management
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Emerging Technology
• SME – Business Process Change
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Macro/Micro Indicators
• SME – Supply Chain Management
• SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform
• SME – Internal Controls and Auditing
Contact information email: Paul_Young_CGA@hotmail.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/
SlideShare - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga
Twitter: https://twitter.com/paulyoungcpa
Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/user/youngercga1968/videos

3. Agenda
• Global GDP Forecast
• GDP vs Clean Technology GDP – Canada
• Global Emissions
• Forest Management
• What is a Circular Economy?
• Top Ranking Sustainable Economies
• Canada Economy
• Canada Environmental
• Plastics GDP importance
• Taxation and Environment
• Cost to Serve Model
• Mitigation of Climate Change
• Forest and Wildfires
• What’s Next?

4. Global GDP Forecast
Source - https://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/about/economics/economics-publications/post.other-publications.global-outlook-and-forecast-tables.scotiabank's-
forecast-tables.2021.march-10--2021.html or https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/06/imf-world-economic-outlook-april-2021-global-gdp-to-hit-6percent.html
forecast_20211209.p
df

5. GDP vs Clean Technology

6. Countries leading the charge for the Circular
Economy
Source - https://www.construcia.com/en/noticias/which-countries-are-leading-the-change-in-circular-
economy/
• The Netherlands
• France
• Italy
• Germany
• Luxembourg
• Belgium
• Portugal
• Spain

7. Top 20 Sustainable
Companies
Source - https://www.corporateknights.com/channels/leadership/2021-
global-100-ranking-16115328/

8. Global Emissions

9. Blog – Forestry
Movement towards sustainable forests - https://www.forestryforthefuture.ca/posts/sustainable-forest-
management-will-help-drive-our-net-zero-future. Canada forest practices need to improve as part of mitigating
the changes to climate.
Canada has 9% of the total forest - https://www.ccfm.org/healthy-forests/vast-and-abundant-forests/
Russia is looking at their forest management practices as part of their carbon footprint -
https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/russia-wants-to-use-a-forest-bigger-than-india-to-offset-carbon-1.1580883. Russia
has 20% of the forest. If you combine Canada with Russia, then 1/3 of the earth forest come from Canada and
Russia.
New research, published in Nature Climate Change and available on Global Forest Watch, found that the world’s
forests sequestered about twice as much carbon dioxide as they emitted between 2001 and 2019. In other words,
forests provide a "carbon sink" that absorbs a net 7.6 billion metric tons of CO2 per year, 1.5 times more carbon
than the United States emits annually.
https://www.greenbiz.com/article/new-data-allows-scientists-accurately-measure-carbon-flux-forests
Companies are revisiting their sawmills investments - https://www.woodbusiness.ca/maximizing-potential-
industry-veteran-leads-the-charge-to-upgrade-ontario-mill/

10. Circular Economy
Source - https://reports.weforum.org/toward-the-circular-economy-accelerating-the-scale-
up-across-global-supply-chains/from-linear-to-circular-accelerating-a-proven-concept/

11. Recycling / Countries
Source - https://www.energydigital.com/smart-energy/which-countries-are-best-recycling or
https://www.greencitytimes.com/recycling-global-report-card/

12. Recycling Countries and the Environment
Source - OECD
Source - https://epi.yale.edu/

13. Material Footprint
Source - https://www.cpacanada.ca/en/news/pivot-magazine/2020-03-10-canada-recycling-system or OECD

14. Canada Economy
• Zero Waste footprint - https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/businesses-aim-to-reduce-waste-in-2020-as-consumers-
become-more-eco-conscious-1.1372149
• Energy from Waste - https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/waste-to-energy-technology-industry
• December 2020 and November 2020 Scorecard - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/scorecard-and-gdp-
canada-december-2020-and-november-2020
• Canada Scorecard https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/key-macro-and-micro-indicators-for-canada-
december-2020-and-january-2021
• Canada Scorecard - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/key-macro-and-micro-indicators-canada-april-2021-
and-march-201
• Canada Scorecard - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/canada-economic-and-fiscal-scorecard-april-2021-
and-may-2021
O&G GDP continues to expand.
Hiking the carbon tax is great for a sluggish economy.
Real Estate prices have exploded across the world.
The green economy isn't sustainable without more direct govt subsidies.
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/gdp-analysis-and-commentary-canadajanuary-2021

15. Plastics and GDP
• The petrochemical sector is very important to economies of Alberta, Ontario and other provinces -
https://www.kallanishenergy.com/2020/07/13/alberta-seeks-to-boost-petrochemical-industry/
• Plastics play a vital role with many parts of the economy including medical equipment and supplies -
https://pvcmed.org/healthcare/when-plastics-revolutionised-healthcare/
• Government needs to put more focus on reshoring parts of the supply chain -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/tranformation-of-supply-chains
• Hospitality sector is already struggling with current restrictions -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/analysis-of-the-hospitality-sector

16. Environment and Waste (2018)

17. Taxation and Environment
In 2018, Canadian businesses spent $9.7 billion to reduce impacts on the environment, up 15%
from 2016. In Canada, 9 out of 10 businesses invested in at least one environmental protection activity.
Source - https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210126/dq210126b-eng.htm
Emissions are expected to rebound in 2021 - https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/projected-
global-change-in-co2-emissions-2020-and-2021
China is implementing a cap and trade system - https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-to-
launch-carbon-emissions-trading-scheme-next-month - China has 250+ coal-fired plants under construction -
https://www.reuters.com/article/china-coal-idUSL4N2E20HS
Challenges for 2021 - https://boereport.com/2020/12/31/energy-in-2021-the-challenges-of-the-coming-year/
COVID19 - https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00090-3
My work - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/protecting-the-environment-and-climate-change-taxes-and-spending-canada

18. Cost to Serve Model
• Companies will include any additional costs as part of their end pricing to consumers -
https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/181214/dq181214d-eng.htm
• Government is planning more hikes to carbon tax along with adding a new tax for the fuel standard. Any
additional costs will be pushed on to consumers through higher prices - https://www.newswire.ca/news-
releases/clean-fuels-standard-will-increase-household-costs-for-canadians-capp-819531042.html
• Food costs have been rising over the past few years - https://farmworktofeedcanada.ca/food-prices-projected-
to-rise-in-coming-months/
• Liberals ran on a platform to make things more affordable -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/justin-trudeau-and-liberals-have-liberal-policies-made-things-
more-affordable-for-canadians

19. How to mitigate the impact of Climate
Change
Blog – How to Mitigate issues with Climate Change.
Here is my work on climate change including the threats to both the private and public sectors.
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-mitigate-the-threats-of-climate-change

20. Government Policies and Climate Change
There seems to be a battle brewing between various states when it comes to climate change reporting.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-next-climate-change-reporting-united-states-paul-young/?published=t
I believe that there should be standardized reporting of ESG to provide better info in areas like governance,
environment, and social.

21. Forest and Wildfires
Climate change is raising average global temperatures, bringing with it longer droughts, with cascading effects for
forests and wildfires. These impacts are highly place-dependent — they are determined by the ecology an
ecosystem and its history of disturbance, like wildfires, insect outbreaks or logging.
Blog – Wildfires and Climate Change – How to mitigate the impact of Wild and Forest Fires -
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-wildfires-climate-change-how-mitigate-impact-wild-paul-young/?published=t

22. ESG Reporting
There seems to be a battle brewing between various states when it comes to climate change reporting.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-next-climate-change-reporting-united-states-paul-young/?published=t
I believe that there should be standardized reporting of ESG to provide better info in areas like governance,
environment, and social. https://ibm.box.com/s/vmyitcackqevvm1hcxv7wke6gudrpnce

23. What’s next?
• All levels of government need to look at all their regulations as part ensuring the environment is protected as well
as supporting GDP growth - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/climate-change-environment-analysis-and-
commentary
• Innovations / Plastics Management - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/features/canadian-manufacturers-
stand-to-benefit-from-in-house-plastic-shredders/
• Countries around the world need to clean up their recycling practices -
https://www.lovemoney.com/gallerylist/89902/recycling-countries-best-worst
• Carbon taxes are not the answer - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/the-real-truth-about-emissions-and-
carbon-taxation
• All levels of government need to work together as part of ensuring businesses in Canada are competitive with their
counterparts around the world - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-fix-competitiveness-through-
government-policy
• GDP is at risk if countries around the world continue to push their progressive agenda -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-next-for-the-global-economy-september-2020
• Innovation should be part of any waste management policy change including approving projects that are waste to
energy - https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-54-8-bn-waste-to-energy-market-size-share--trends-
analysis-2016-2019--2020-2027--301132220.html
• Tax code change (equipment write-down)
• Environmental approval
Blog – Green and Circular Economies – Canada and the World
forecast_20211209.p
df
The broken
$100-billion promise of climate finance — and how to fix it.pdf
Top lithium stories of
2021 and what to expect in 2022 - MINING.COM.pdf
Historic mining for
future battery metals - Metal Tech News.pdf
US Over 10 New
Battery Plants To Be Launched In 2022-2025.pdf
Quantifying Carbon
Fluxes in the World’s Forests World Resources Institute.pdf
The List of Countries
Ranked by Fossil CO2 Emissions Per Square Kilometer - CareOurEarth.pdf
15 Surprising Things
That Are Made from Recycled Materials Mental Floss.pdf
46 Innovative
Recycling Startups Worth A Follow In 2021 – The Startup Pill.pdf
Top 31
Waste-to-Energy startups.pdf
Sphera ESG
compliance and safety with digital technology.pdf
Green Economy and
EY.pdf
The Cost of
Subsidizing Green Energy Contracts for Industrial and Large Commercial Ratepayers.pdf
I am all for the environment through proper climate change policies that do not destroy the economy.
1. Recycling - https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/71088/15-surprising-things-are-made-
recycled-materials
2. Recycling - https://startupill.com/46-innovative-recycling-startups-worth-a-follow-in-2021/
3. Waste to Energy - https://www.energystartups.org/top/waste-energy/
4. ESG - https://sustainabilitymag.com/esg/sphera-esg-compliance-and-safety-digital-technology
5. Direct grants and subsidies – $100B fund - https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-
02846-3
6. Lithium - https://www.mining.com/top-lithium-stories-of-2021-and-what-to-expect-in-2022
7. Critical metals - https://www.metaltechnews.com/story/2021/12/22/tech-metals/historic-
mining-for-future-battery-metals/801.html
8. Battery production - https://insideevs.com/news/556697/us-over10-new-battery-plants/
9. Green transition - https://www.ey.com/en_gr/government-public-sector/six-ways-that-
governments-can-drive-the-green-transition
10. Modeling and carbon sinks - https://www.wri.org/insights/forests-absorb-twice-much-carbon-
they-emit-each-year and https://www.careourearth.com/the-list-of-countries-ranked-by-co2-
emissions-per-square-kilometer/

24. Training and Development
• If you like to learn more
about trade and/or other
subjects as part of your
professional learning and
development then feel
free to review my
material on
https://www.udemy.com/
(search Paul Young CPA
CGA)
• These subjects address
how to fixed issues with
housing and/or systemic
issues related to economy
including government
policies