How to Love K8s and Not Wreck The Planet

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This document discusses how the Kubernetes platform and cloud infrastructure can contribute to climate change through excessive resource usage and lack of efficiency. It identifies issues like "kubesprawl" where too many clusters are created, lack of visibility into resource usage that leads to "zombie workloads" consuming resources needlessly, and lack of automation and governance around the lifecycle of clusters. The document advocates for tools and practices that can improve resource utilization, add elasticity, limit creation of unnecessary clusters, help decommission zombie workloads, and make it easier for users to understand their resource usage and turn clusters off when not needed in order to reduce the environmental impact.

Software

How to Love K8s and Not Wreck the Planet
Holly Cummins
IBM Garage
@holly_cummins

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
we have a
problem.

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
the earth is
getting warmer

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
uncomfortably warmer

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
uncomfortably warmer
drought

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
uncomfortably warmer
drought
floods

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
uncomfortably warmer
drought
floods
submersion

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
uncomfortably warmer
drought
floods
submersion
hurricanes

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
uncomfortably warmer
drought
floods
submersion
hurricanes
ﬁres

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
there’s a bug in our 2030 flood
risk graph for Tokyo … isn’t there?

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
uh … no.
there’s a bug in our 2030 flood
risk graph for Tokyo … isn’t there?

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
our industry
contributes to
climate change

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
data centres
1-2%
aviation
2.5%

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
the cluster is the
unit of deployment

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
21
clusters per
IBM Cloud
account

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
utilisation
elasticity

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
control plane
application

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
control plane
application
manual replica count
horizontal auto-scaling

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
control plane
!
application
clusters are less elastic than applications
manual replica count
horizontal auto-scaling

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
control plane
!
!
application
clusters are less elastic than applications
every cluster has overhead

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
namespace isolation
is not enough

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
conway’s law is for clusters, too

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
noisy neighbours

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
name collisions
scope errors

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
dev
staging
that weird experiment
prod

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
control plane
lots of applications
is this a win?

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
zombie
workload

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
2017 survey
25%
of 16,000 servers
doing no useful work

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
2017 survey
25%
of 16,000 servers
doing no useful work
“perhaps someone
forgot to turn them off”

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
Hey boss, I created a
Kubernetes cluster.

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
Hey boss, I created a
Kubernetes cluster.
I forgot it for 2 months.

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
Hey boss, I created a
Kubernetes cluster.
I forgot it for 2 months.
… and it’s £1000 a month.

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
is there a
solution?

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
IT Department, UK Bank
let’s ﬁgure out what all
these cloud workloads are,
since I’m paying for them
long
meetings

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
make it easiest to
do the right thing

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
large bank, 2013
50%reduction in CPUs with a
lease system

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
multicloud management

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
trafﬁc monitoring

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
is K8s zombie-proof?

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
shut it down?
but … what if I
need this
cluster later?

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
gitops
(infrastructure as code)

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
spin it down
spin it up
kubectl apply -f all-my-cluster/

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
spinning down clusters:
the new lights off?

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
unsolved problem == opportunity

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
tool creators, support
1-2%

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
better utilisation
elasticity
multi-tenancy
de-zombiﬁcation
visibility
disposability
tool creators, support
1-2%

@holly_cummins#IBMGarage
up utilisation
aim for elasticity
limit kubesprawl
de-zombiﬁcation
know what you’re using
turn it off
users …
1-2%

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