The document discusses how to calculate percentage discounts in two different methods. It explains that for a Rs. 80 shirt with a 20% discount, the two-step method involves calculating 20% of Rs. 80 as the discount amount and subtracting that from the original price. The one-step method calculates 80% of the original price directly as the amount to be paid after discount. The document provides an example calculation and tips for easier mental math calculations.