The standard Keynesian view of fiscal policy holds that in short-run fiscal adjustments (expansions) reduce (stimulate) aggregate demand and due to sticky wages, prices or other market rigidities, these demand shifts affect the factors of production and output. These conventional predictions have been challenged by the observation of episodes of perverse effects of fiscal policy – so called “non-Keynesian” effects. This paper reassess the short-run consequences of fiscal policy. We provide evidence that consumption reacts in a non-linear fashion to discretionary fiscal policy changes. The results of our estimations show that households tend to behave in non-Keynesian manner when the fiscal situation of a country is bad, i.e. when public debt or fiscal deficit is large, while Keynesian behavior dominates, when the fiscal situation is sound. Our results suggest that, similarly to OECD countries, consumption function does not react in linear fashion to changes in fiscal policy also in transition economies.
Authored by: Piotr Bujak, Joanna Siwinska-Gorzelak
Published in 2003
Laptop Lunches bento menu worksheet lists fruits, vegetables, and sandwich ideas which can be used to plan out your own wholesome lunch meals for the week.
Petróleo y militarización del Ártico, una jugada del Mi6 que salió mal- SEPRINRamón Copa
Petróleo y militarización del Ártico, una jugada del Mi6 que salió mal.
En la década del ’70, plena Guerra Fría, Gran Bretaña se alarma por el acelerado desarrollo nuclear de Francia – El MI 5, ahora MI 6 (servicio de inteligencia del Reino Unido) “crea” Greenpeace, para usar el pretexto ecologista como escudo ante los experimentos franceses en el atolon de Mururoa, en el Pacifico.
Según informaciones que accedimos, la movida era sencillamente que Putin hundiera el barco de Greenpeace, ya que la plataforma esta militarizada y tienen orden de disparar a todo lo que se acerque a 10 millas.
Muchos no saben y existe un viejo informe de la SIDE local, sobre que Greenpeace es un “instrumento” de mi6 británico, ideado en los 70 para defender a emperezas e intereses británicos en todo el mismo bajo la cobertura de una sosedad ecologista.
En este contexto hay que entender que “el ártico se está quedando sin hielo” , se puede cruzar en bote “según bromean los rusos” , en este contexto los recursos naturales y bases secretas amenazan con una nueva guerra fría:
Vladimir Putin: Activistas de Greenpeace no son piratas, pero intentaron capturar plataforma.
Hubo un intento de captar la plataforma por los representantes de Greenpeace. Sería mucho mejor si los representantes de la organización estaban sentados en esta sala y articulan sus preocupaciones. Vamos a las empresas de este tipo, para discutir los temas, “- dijo Putin.
El presidente describió su visión de las acciones de Greenpeace: «No son piratas, pero intentaron llevar una plataforma formal. Nuestros guardias no sabían que se había apoderado de la plataforma, en medio de los acontecimientos sangrientos en Kenia, todo podría ser. Pero está claro – esta gente ha roto las reglas del derecho internacional “, – dijo el presidente de Rusia.
V24 Product Brief - Aggregation & Filtering TapsChris Fenton
Distributed Taps are intelligent, hardware-based network traffic capture devices designed to passively tap inline networks or connect to SPAN ports for capturing and forwarding traffic to monitoring or security tools.
The NewGrid LTE Home eNodeB (HeNB) Gateway enables operators to seamlessly integrated their LTE small cell deployments with their LTE core network (EPC). As the number of LTE subscribers and amount of mobile data traffic continues to grow, operators are considering launching small cell networks to not only increase the amount of mobile bandwidth but plug gaps that exist in their mobile coverage. But their current networks are not designed to support tens of thousands of new basestations and provide security over the mostly public IP networks that these small cells connect through. The NewGrid HeNB Gateway is designed to securely connect to tens of thousands of small cells using IPsec tunnels, seamlessly providing security and connectivity.
The NewGrid HeNB Gateway is available on a number of carrier-grade ATCA platforms, offering service providers a scalable and reliable high-performance solution.
For more information, please visit us at http://www.ipsecuritygateway.com
Nuage Arista Hardware VTEP. Demoing the integration of Arista switch into Nuage VSP and automatic way of building Vxlan tunnels from virtual to bare metal infrastructure.
The standard Keynesian view of fiscal policy holds that in short-run fiscal adjustments (expansions) reduce (stimulate) aggregate demand and due to sticky wages, prices or other market rigidities, these demand shifts affect the factors of production and output. These conventional predictions have been challenged by the observation of episodes of perverse effects of fiscal policy – so called “non-Keynesian” effects. This paper reassess the short-run consequences of fiscal policy. We provide evidence that consumption reacts in a non-linear fashion to discretionary fiscal policy changes. The results of our estimations show that households tend to behave in non-Keynesian manner when the fiscal situation of a country is bad, i.e. when public debt or fiscal deficit is large, while Keynesian behavior dominates, when the fiscal situation is sound. Our results suggest that, similarly to OECD countries, consumption function does not react in linear fashion to changes in fiscal policy also in transition economies.
Authored by: Piotr Bujak, Joanna Siwinska-Gorzelak
Published in 2003
Laptop Lunches bento menu worksheet lists fruits, vegetables, and sandwich ideas which can be used to plan out your own wholesome lunch meals for the week.
Petróleo y militarización del Ártico, una jugada del Mi6 que salió mal- SEPRINRamón Copa
Petróleo y militarización del Ártico, una jugada del Mi6 que salió mal.
En la década del ’70, plena Guerra Fría, Gran Bretaña se alarma por el acelerado desarrollo nuclear de Francia – El MI 5, ahora MI 6 (servicio de inteligencia del Reino Unido) “crea” Greenpeace, para usar el pretexto ecologista como escudo ante los experimentos franceses en el atolon de Mururoa, en el Pacifico.
Según informaciones que accedimos, la movida era sencillamente que Putin hundiera el barco de Greenpeace, ya que la plataforma esta militarizada y tienen orden de disparar a todo lo que se acerque a 10 millas.
Muchos no saben y existe un viejo informe de la SIDE local, sobre que Greenpeace es un “instrumento” de mi6 británico, ideado en los 70 para defender a emperezas e intereses británicos en todo el mismo bajo la cobertura de una sosedad ecologista.
En este contexto hay que entender que “el ártico se está quedando sin hielo” , se puede cruzar en bote “según bromean los rusos” , en este contexto los recursos naturales y bases secretas amenazan con una nueva guerra fría:
Vladimir Putin: Activistas de Greenpeace no son piratas, pero intentaron capturar plataforma.
Hubo un intento de captar la plataforma por los representantes de Greenpeace. Sería mucho mejor si los representantes de la organización estaban sentados en esta sala y articulan sus preocupaciones. Vamos a las empresas de este tipo, para discutir los temas, “- dijo Putin.
El presidente describió su visión de las acciones de Greenpeace: «No son piratas, pero intentaron llevar una plataforma formal. Nuestros guardias no sabían que se había apoderado de la plataforma, en medio de los acontecimientos sangrientos en Kenia, todo podría ser. Pero está claro – esta gente ha roto las reglas del derecho internacional “, – dijo el presidente de Rusia.
V24 Product Brief - Aggregation & Filtering TapsChris Fenton
Distributed Taps are intelligent, hardware-based network traffic capture devices designed to passively tap inline networks or connect to SPAN ports for capturing and forwarding traffic to monitoring or security tools.
The NewGrid LTE Home eNodeB (HeNB) Gateway enables operators to seamlessly integrated their LTE small cell deployments with their LTE core network (EPC). As the number of LTE subscribers and amount of mobile data traffic continues to grow, operators are considering launching small cell networks to not only increase the amount of mobile bandwidth but plug gaps that exist in their mobile coverage. But their current networks are not designed to support tens of thousands of new basestations and provide security over the mostly public IP networks that these small cells connect through. The NewGrid HeNB Gateway is designed to securely connect to tens of thousands of small cells using IPsec tunnels, seamlessly providing security and connectivity.
The NewGrid HeNB Gateway is available on a number of carrier-grade ATCA platforms, offering service providers a scalable and reliable high-performance solution.
For more information, please visit us at http://www.ipsecuritygateway.com
Nuage Arista Hardware VTEP. Demoing the integration of Arista switch into Nuage VSP and automatic way of building Vxlan tunnels from virtual to bare metal infrastructure.
The Secret Sauce is the Control Plane, not the Encapsulation
Host Route Distribution decoupled from the Underlay protocol
Use MultiProtocol-BGP (MP-BGP) on the Leaf nodes to distribute internal Host/Subnet Routes and external reachability information
Route-Reflectors deployed for scaling purposes
VXLAN terminates its tunnels on VTEPs (Virtual Tunnel End Point).
Each VTEP has two interfaces, one is to provide bridging function for local hosts, the other has an IP identification in the core network for VXLAN encapsulation/decapsulation.
VXLAN Encapsulation and De-encapsulation occur on T2
Bridging and Gateway are independent of the port type (1/10/40G ports)
Encapsulation happens on the egress port
Decapsulation happens on the ingress port
Service Oriented Architecture
2 or 3 layer network to Leaf & Spine
High density and bandwidth required
Layer 3 ECMP
No oversubscription
Low and uniform delay characteristic
Wire & configure once network
Uniform network configuration
Workload Mobility
Workload Placement
Segmentation
Scale
Automation & Programmability
L2 + L3 Connectivity
Physical + Virtual
Open
UNDOCUMENTED Vyatta vRouter: Unbreakable VPN Tunneling (MEMO)
18 Mar, 2014
SAKURA Internet Research Center
Senior Researcher / Naoto MATSUMOTO
Japan Vyatta Users Meeting 2014 Spring on Tokyo.