The document summarizes fugitive slave cases that occurred in Ohio before the Civil War. It describes how the Underground Railroad helped slaves escape to freedom and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made it legal to capture escaped slaves. Several cases are examined, such as a slave mother killing her children to prevent them returning to slavery, and legal battles over whether escaped slaves could be considered free once in Ohio. While some Ohioans aided fugitive slaves, the courts often ruled they must return to their owners in the South.
This document introduces John Walker, a talk show host who led a protest of 500,000 people at the Capitol building demanding returns from the Social Security system. The military was called in and there was violence. Walker knows he needs to keep the crowd united but fears a mob mentality. There is a disturbance and Walker's brother Kyle, along with friends Digger and Joe, insist on getting Walker to safety, explaining that the government has called in Chinese soldiers to put down the uprising in a mock invasion. They escape in a van but explosions occur, so they continue on foot through the subway tunnels.
This document summarizes key policies and legal provisions regarding trafficking in persons as they relate to the US military. It outlines the US government's zero tolerance policy for military, civilian, and contractor involvement in trafficking. It discusses the UCMJ Article 134 offense of "Patronizing a Prostitute" and the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act, which allow prosecution of military personnel and civilians for certain overseas offenses. The presentation aims to increase awareness of trafficking indicators and reporting procedures, while emphasizing the serious legal consequences for involvement in this criminal activity.
Residential brothels are locations where victims of human trafficking, typically women and children from Latin America, are forced to have sex with many men each day in order to pay off exaggerated debts to their traffickers. One victim was kept in an apartment and forced to have sex with 25 men in one day for eight to nine months. Traffickers use force, fraud and coercion such as physical abuse, debt manipulation and threats to maintain control over victims and cause them to engage in commercial sex acts against their will.
Why formerly black and mongol american indiansSonniBlaq
This document discusses how the Osage Native American tribe in Oklahoma became wealthy in the early 20th century due to oil discoveries on their land. The US government allotted land and required tribal members to have white guardians manage their finances. However, many guardians and others took advantage of the Osage by stealing their wealth or murdering them to inherit their assets. One case involved a rancher who had his nephew marry and then help murder an Osage woman and her relatives to inherit their oil wealth and payments. The document also provides some early history of Jewish settlement in Oklahoma among Native American tribes and following the 1889 land run.
The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 in Oakland, California by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton. It aimed to end police brutality and give power to black communities. By 1968, the party had spread across major U.S. cities with over 5,000 members. Leaders like Fred Hampton organized protests and community programs until being targeted by the FBI and police. Though the party declined by the 1970s due to government repression and internal conflict, its goals of racial justice and black empowerment continued to influence later movements.
A gathering of so called militiamen involved the central command of a US untamed life asylum in eastern Oregon to challenge the up and coming imprisoning of two farmers, nearby powers say.
How Did The Native Americans Lse Their Land[1]Brayton College
The document outlines the stages by which Native American tribes lost their lands to white settlers in the 19th century. It describes how tribes were initially moved west of the Mississippi River to make room for settlers. However, settlers' movement west in search of gold and the transcontinental railroad led to further encroachment on Native lands. A series of broken treaties and massacres weakened tribal resistance, culminating in the defeat of the Plains tribes at the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890, which marked the end of major Native American armed resistance.
- Many early Chinese immigrants came to America in the 1800s to escape conflicts, rebellions, and economic hardship in China. They found work building railroads and in gold mines.
- Chinese faced intense discrimination and were often victims of violent attacks. They were restricted to low-paying jobs like laundry work.
- Japanese also began immigrating to Hawaii in the late 1800s to work on sugar plantations. They faced racial discrimination and unequal treatment compared to white workers.
- After the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, over 100,000 Japanese Americans on the West Coast were forcibly relocated to internment camps due to fears of disloyalty, despite little evidence of wrongdoing.
This document introduces John Walker, a talk show host who led a protest of 500,000 people at the Capitol building demanding returns from the Social Security system. The military was called in and there was violence. Walker knows he needs to keep the crowd united but fears a mob mentality. There is a disturbance and Walker's brother Kyle, along with friends Digger and Joe, insist on getting Walker to safety, explaining that the government has called in Chinese soldiers to put down the uprising in a mock invasion. They escape in a van but explosions occur, so they continue on foot through the subway tunnels.
This document summarizes key policies and legal provisions regarding trafficking in persons as they relate to the US military. It outlines the US government's zero tolerance policy for military, civilian, and contractor involvement in trafficking. It discusses the UCMJ Article 134 offense of "Patronizing a Prostitute" and the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act, which allow prosecution of military personnel and civilians for certain overseas offenses. The presentation aims to increase awareness of trafficking indicators and reporting procedures, while emphasizing the serious legal consequences for involvement in this criminal activity.
Residential brothels are locations where victims of human trafficking, typically women and children from Latin America, are forced to have sex with many men each day in order to pay off exaggerated debts to their traffickers. One victim was kept in an apartment and forced to have sex with 25 men in one day for eight to nine months. Traffickers use force, fraud and coercion such as physical abuse, debt manipulation and threats to maintain control over victims and cause them to engage in commercial sex acts against their will.
Why formerly black and mongol american indiansSonniBlaq
This document discusses how the Osage Native American tribe in Oklahoma became wealthy in the early 20th century due to oil discoveries on their land. The US government allotted land and required tribal members to have white guardians manage their finances. However, many guardians and others took advantage of the Osage by stealing their wealth or murdering them to inherit their assets. One case involved a rancher who had his nephew marry and then help murder an Osage woman and her relatives to inherit their oil wealth and payments. The document also provides some early history of Jewish settlement in Oklahoma among Native American tribes and following the 1889 land run.
The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 in Oakland, California by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton. It aimed to end police brutality and give power to black communities. By 1968, the party had spread across major U.S. cities with over 5,000 members. Leaders like Fred Hampton organized protests and community programs until being targeted by the FBI and police. Though the party declined by the 1970s due to government repression and internal conflict, its goals of racial justice and black empowerment continued to influence later movements.
A gathering of so called militiamen involved the central command of a US untamed life asylum in eastern Oregon to challenge the up and coming imprisoning of two farmers, nearby powers say.
How Did The Native Americans Lse Their Land[1]Brayton College
The document outlines the stages by which Native American tribes lost their lands to white settlers in the 19th century. It describes how tribes were initially moved west of the Mississippi River to make room for settlers. However, settlers' movement west in search of gold and the transcontinental railroad led to further encroachment on Native lands. A series of broken treaties and massacres weakened tribal resistance, culminating in the defeat of the Plains tribes at the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890, which marked the end of major Native American armed resistance.
- Many early Chinese immigrants came to America in the 1800s to escape conflicts, rebellions, and economic hardship in China. They found work building railroads and in gold mines.
- Chinese faced intense discrimination and were often victims of violent attacks. They were restricted to low-paying jobs like laundry work.
- Japanese also began immigrating to Hawaii in the late 1800s to work on sugar plantations. They faced racial discrimination and unequal treatment compared to white workers.
- After the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, over 100,000 Japanese Americans on the West Coast were forcibly relocated to internment camps due to fears of disloyalty, despite little evidence of wrongdoing.
The document outlines the key events from 1800-1860 that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War. It discusses issues such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raids, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted several Southern states to secede and attack Fort Sumter in 1861, officially beginning the Civil War.
The document provides background information on key events and issues related to sectionalism and the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1854. It discusses Andrew Jackson's attack on the Negro Fort, the Adams-Onis Treaty that resulted in Florida being ceded to the US, the Missouri Compromise, Texas independence and the Alamo, the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the emergence of abolitionist movements like the Underground Railroad. Key figures mentioned include Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Sam Houston, Stephen F. Austin
The document provides background information on key events and issues related to sectionalism and the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1854, including Andrew Jackson's attack on the Negro Fort, the Adams-Onís Treaty, the Missouri Compromise, Texas independence, the Mexican-American War, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the emergence of abolitionist and pro-slavery forces in "Bleeding Kansas."
The document outlines many of the key events and issues that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War. It discusses the passage of compromises like the Missouri Compromise to try and balance the number of slave and free states. However, the admission of California as a free state, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision further inflamed tensions over the issue of slavery in new western territories. John Brown's raid in 1859 and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, a candidate northern states supported but whose name did not appear on ballots in many southern states, led several southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War began when Confederate forces fired
The document summarizes key events that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War, including westward expansion, debates over the spread of slavery to new territories, the passage of fugitive slave laws, the Dred Scott decision, the emergence of the Republican Party, and John Brown's raid. Ultimately, Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 prompted several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America, marking the start of hostilities when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in 1861.
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War. It discusses the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which balanced slave and free states, the Mexican Cession and attempts to ban slavery in the new territories, and the Compromise of 1850 which temporarily defused tensions over slavery. However, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 repealed the Missouri Compromise and led to violent clashes in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers. The Dred Scott decision of 1857 found that Congress could not ban slavery and that slaves were property, not citizens. The Republican Party emerged opposing the spread of slavery. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860 on the Republican ticket, leading southern states to se
The document discusses key events and issues around the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1846-1861, including the Wilmot Proviso, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, Lincoln's election and the American Civil War. It provides context on political figures and events on both sides of the slavery debate.
- The document discusses the events leading up to the American Civil War, including the issue of slavery in new western territories which divided the North and South. Key events included the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raid in 1859, and Lincoln's election in 1860, which prompted seven Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America.
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the abolitionist movement, the Underground Railroad, political compromises around the issue of slavery, the Dred Scott decision, Bleeding Kansas, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Southern states seceding after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. It provides context on the growing sectional divide between free and slave states over the issue of expanding slavery into new territories.
The document provides information about slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, including how Africans were brought to America through the slave trade, the conditions slaves faced, and efforts to resist slavery such as through the Underground Railroad which secretly transported escaped slaves to freedom. Obstacles an escaped slave may face in attempting to flee include recapture due to laws supporting slavery, separation from family and friends, lack of provisions or shelter, and risks of traveling at night such as exposure to weather or wild animals.
The document provides information about slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, including how Africans were brought to America through the Middle Passage, the conditions slaves faced, and resistance efforts such as the Underground Railroad which helped slaves escape to freedom. Key events that further divided the country over the issue of slavery are examined, such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 which increased tensions between abolitionists and slaveholders. Methods slaves used to communicate and assist each other in escaping via the Underground Railroad are described, despite facing severe punishments if caught.
This document provides an overview of slavery in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It discusses how slavery divided the country economically and ideologically between the North and South. It also describes slave revolts, the growth of the free black population in the North, abolitionist newspapers, and key events and compromises that further strained relations between free and slave states on the issue of slavery. Rising sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery into new territories and states ultimately led the nation to the brink of war.
The document summarizes key events from the 1850s that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30', sparking violence in "Bleeding Kansas." The Dred Scott decision found that slaves were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry further alarmed Southerners, while Northerners saw Brown as a martyr. The Republican party was formed to prevent the spread of slavery.
The document discusses several key events that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the American Civil War, including the passage of the controversial Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850, Harriet Beecher Stowe's influential 1852 anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, and abolitionist John Brown's 1854 actions in "Bleeding Kansas" that helped bring the slavery issue to violence.
The Civil War was caused by longstanding divisions between the North and South over the issues of states' rights and slavery. Key events exacerbating tensions included the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision, Lincoln's election in 1860, and South Carolina's secession from the Union in response. The Civil War began when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in 1861.
The document summarizes key events in the westward expansion of the United States in the early to mid-19th century. It discusses the rapid population growth in the new nation between 1780-1830, the rise of Manifest Destiny and belief in American exceptionalism. It also describes the Oregon Treaty of 1818, settlement of the Oregon Territory by Mountain Men, and the thousands of pioneers who made the overland journey along the Oregon Trail between 1840-1860. The document outlines the Mexican Cession following the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, as well as the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 which completed US control of the western territories.
The document summarizes westward expansion and rising sectional tensions around the issue of slavery in the territories between the 1830s-1860s. Key events included the Mexican-American War resulting in vast new western territories, the Compromise of 1850 which temporarily defused tensions, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act which repealed the Missouri Compromise and led to violence in "Bleeding Kansas" as both sides sought to control the territory's status as slave or free. The Dred Scott decision and John Brown's raid further deepened the crisis, culminating in the election of Lincoln and the secession of southern states forming the Confederacy.
The document discusses several key events and compromises related to the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1857. It summarizes the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, dividing other lands between slave and free. It also discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the controversial Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857, each of which further exacerbated tensions between slave and free states leading up to the Civil War.
The document discusses several key events and compromises related to the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1857. It summarizes the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, dividing other lands between slave and free. It also discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the controversial Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857, each of which further exacerbated tensions between slave and free states leading up to the Civil War.
The document outlines the key events from 1800-1860 that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War. It discusses issues such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raids, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted several Southern states to secede and attack Fort Sumter in 1861, officially beginning the Civil War.
The document provides background information on key events and issues related to sectionalism and the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1854. It discusses Andrew Jackson's attack on the Negro Fort, the Adams-Onis Treaty that resulted in Florida being ceded to the US, the Missouri Compromise, Texas independence and the Alamo, the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the emergence of abolitionist movements like the Underground Railroad. Key figures mentioned include Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Sam Houston, Stephen F. Austin
The document provides background information on key events and issues related to sectionalism and the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1854, including Andrew Jackson's attack on the Negro Fort, the Adams-Onís Treaty, the Missouri Compromise, Texas independence, the Mexican-American War, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the emergence of abolitionist and pro-slavery forces in "Bleeding Kansas."
The document outlines many of the key events and issues that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War. It discusses the passage of compromises like the Missouri Compromise to try and balance the number of slave and free states. However, the admission of California as a free state, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision further inflamed tensions over the issue of slavery in new western territories. John Brown's raid in 1859 and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, a candidate northern states supported but whose name did not appear on ballots in many southern states, led several southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War began when Confederate forces fired
The document summarizes key events that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War, including westward expansion, debates over the spread of slavery to new territories, the passage of fugitive slave laws, the Dred Scott decision, the emergence of the Republican Party, and John Brown's raid. Ultimately, Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 prompted several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America, marking the start of hostilities when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in 1861.
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War. It discusses the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which balanced slave and free states, the Mexican Cession and attempts to ban slavery in the new territories, and the Compromise of 1850 which temporarily defused tensions over slavery. However, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 repealed the Missouri Compromise and led to violent clashes in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers. The Dred Scott decision of 1857 found that Congress could not ban slavery and that slaves were property, not citizens. The Republican Party emerged opposing the spread of slavery. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860 on the Republican ticket, leading southern states to se
The document discusses key events and issues around the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1846-1861, including the Wilmot Proviso, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, Lincoln's election and the American Civil War. It provides context on political figures and events on both sides of the slavery debate.
- The document discusses the events leading up to the American Civil War, including the issue of slavery in new western territories which divided the North and South. Key events included the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raid in 1859, and Lincoln's election in 1860, which prompted seven Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America.
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the abolitionist movement, the Underground Railroad, political compromises around the issue of slavery, the Dred Scott decision, Bleeding Kansas, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Southern states seceding after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. It provides context on the growing sectional divide between free and slave states over the issue of expanding slavery into new territories.
The document provides information about slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, including how Africans were brought to America through the slave trade, the conditions slaves faced, and efforts to resist slavery such as through the Underground Railroad which secretly transported escaped slaves to freedom. Obstacles an escaped slave may face in attempting to flee include recapture due to laws supporting slavery, separation from family and friends, lack of provisions or shelter, and risks of traveling at night such as exposure to weather or wild animals.
The document provides information about slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, including how Africans were brought to America through the Middle Passage, the conditions slaves faced, and resistance efforts such as the Underground Railroad which helped slaves escape to freedom. Key events that further divided the country over the issue of slavery are examined, such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 which increased tensions between abolitionists and slaveholders. Methods slaves used to communicate and assist each other in escaping via the Underground Railroad are described, despite facing severe punishments if caught.
This document provides an overview of slavery in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It discusses how slavery divided the country economically and ideologically between the North and South. It also describes slave revolts, the growth of the free black population in the North, abolitionist newspapers, and key events and compromises that further strained relations between free and slave states on the issue of slavery. Rising sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery into new territories and states ultimately led the nation to the brink of war.
The document summarizes key events from the 1850s that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30', sparking violence in "Bleeding Kansas." The Dred Scott decision found that slaves were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry further alarmed Southerners, while Northerners saw Brown as a martyr. The Republican party was formed to prevent the spread of slavery.
The document discusses several key events that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the American Civil War, including the passage of the controversial Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850, Harriet Beecher Stowe's influential 1852 anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, and abolitionist John Brown's 1854 actions in "Bleeding Kansas" that helped bring the slavery issue to violence.
The Civil War was caused by longstanding divisions between the North and South over the issues of states' rights and slavery. Key events exacerbating tensions included the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision, Lincoln's election in 1860, and South Carolina's secession from the Union in response. The Civil War began when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in 1861.
The document summarizes key events in the westward expansion of the United States in the early to mid-19th century. It discusses the rapid population growth in the new nation between 1780-1830, the rise of Manifest Destiny and belief in American exceptionalism. It also describes the Oregon Treaty of 1818, settlement of the Oregon Territory by Mountain Men, and the thousands of pioneers who made the overland journey along the Oregon Trail between 1840-1860. The document outlines the Mexican Cession following the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, as well as the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 which completed US control of the western territories.
The document summarizes westward expansion and rising sectional tensions around the issue of slavery in the territories between the 1830s-1860s. Key events included the Mexican-American War resulting in vast new western territories, the Compromise of 1850 which temporarily defused tensions, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act which repealed the Missouri Compromise and led to violence in "Bleeding Kansas" as both sides sought to control the territory's status as slave or free. The Dred Scott decision and John Brown's raid further deepened the crisis, culminating in the election of Lincoln and the secession of southern states forming the Confederacy.
The document discusses several key events and compromises related to the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1857. It summarizes the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, dividing other lands between slave and free. It also discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the controversial Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857, each of which further exacerbated tensions between slave and free states leading up to the Civil War.
The document discusses several key events and compromises related to the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1857. It summarizes the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, dividing other lands between slave and free. It also discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the controversial Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857, each of which further exacerbated tensions between slave and free states leading up to the Civil War.
1. The Underground Railroad was a system that was created in order to help fugitive slaves reach
Canada or a free state. When the government passed the Fugitive Slave Act it caused the
government to “actively assist slave owners in recapturing their runaway slaves…the slave
owners had the right to reclaim slaves who ran away to Free states.”(Ohio History Central).
Before the Fugitive Slave Act, if a slave got caught then they were killed or tortured in a public
scene in order to scare other slaves who might be attempting to run, but after the law was passed
most of the slaves got fair trial and jail time (Connors).
Though this helped the southern many northern abolitionists opposed this act since it “favored
the slave owners, anyone caught hiding or assisting runaway slaves faced stiff penalties. If the
commissioner ruled in favor of the white man, he received ten dollars, but if he ruled against the
slave holder he only received five dollars.” The Quakers were those who believed that “slavery
should be abolished and with a religious conviction that slavery was against the will of God.
Though some south Quakers had slaves they usually allowed them to buy their freedom because
they felt uncomfortable with having slaves.”(Underground Railroad).
When the slaves got tired of being treated poorly they made attempts for escape. This started the
Underground Railroad, though no one really knows where this got its name there is one story
that I found more than five times throughout my research. “A slave named Tice Davids escaped
across the river and his slave master was furious when he could not find him, and he said he must
have escaped on an underground railroad. This story was found most frequently throughout my
research.
The Ohio River was a major part of the Underground Railroad due to the fact that it was the
border between Kentucky, a slave state, and Ohio, a free state. When slaves where brought over
on slave ships they usually where auctioned off to the highest bidder, then where shipped off to
the southern states to work in fields. Though no one really knows when the first slaves ran they
do know that they ran north as far as they could. So once the Fugitive Slaves Act was passed the
slave owners and sometimes bounty hunters would chase the slaves with hound dogs. Before the
Slave Act was passed the slaves who were caught were usually killed or punished in the eyes of
the public, but this changed when the Slave Act was passed and most likely those who were
captured were sentenced to jail time by a jury.
The cases below show how Ohioans viewed slavery and what happened to fugitive slaves once
they were caught by authorities:
Slave mother- when a mother started to cross the Ohio River she got trapped by slave catchers
and being with her three or four children she started to kill her children, but only managed to kill
two of the children, in order to keep them from going back to slavery. This shows how a slave
tried to escape but instead of getting to total freedom she got caught and didn’t want her children
to be in slavery she decided to kill them to protect them.
Slaves in Cincinnati- “It seems that a gentleman from Mississippi having purchased three slaves
in the state of Virginia delivered them into the hands of an agent to be moved to his plantation in
Mississippi. The agent took passage on a steamboat down the river as far as Cincinnati.” He
expected to land in Kentucky but ended up in Cincinnati due to the river being shallow, so he
proceeded across the river to Covington. “When it became generally known the court ruled the
2. slaves to the custody of the agent, upon the ground that the act of landing the slaves in the state
of Ohio was not voluntary on the part of the agent” –The New York Times.
Jane-Marietta- This case “revealed the early public attitude of citizens of Marietta on slavery and
the stand of the governor of Ohio, who, in reply to the request for the banishment of Jane by the
governor of Virginia, stated that the fugitive slave law of 1793 did not authorize the executive of
a state to interfere with the apprehension of a slave.” This case actually started Charlestown,
Virginia when Jane was charged with stealing. She was sentenced to be hung but instead she was
to be sold and taken out of Virginia. “Before the governor’s action could be known the door of
the jail was lift open deliberately, and Jane was allowed to walk out. She spent two days in
Charlestown and then crossed the Ohio River to Marietta. The public officials knew she was in
town but did nothing. For some time no one attempted to have her arrested for more than one
year. When she was married with a child Jacob Beeson appeared and attempted to carry off Jane
and her child without evidence that he represented the agent appointed by the governor of
Virginia to sell and transport Jane out of state. Beeson was unable to get Jane because the town
people hid her. A number of citizens of Marietta had sent a petition to Gov. Samuel Huntington
asking him not to surrender Jane, contending that she was entitled to her liberty.” This was all
settled with Beeson returning Jane to Virginia and her being sold. – Ohio historical society
journal.
1812-Sandusky- This case was in 1812 in the central part of Ohio and was of public interest due
to the fact that it “demonstrated that a judges personal feelings often influenced the status of a
negro seeking refuge in a state where slavery did not exist. An assumed runaway was seized at
Delaware, taken away from the custody of his captor by a crowd and brought before Col. James
Kilbourne, the justice of peace, who is known for his antislavery convictions, and ordered the
Negro released. The runaway was then sent north on a government wagon that was carrying
supplies to Sandusky.” – Ohio Historical Society journal.
Matilda- A case in 1837, which caused public attention, “Salmon P. Chase, lawyer of the time,
appeared as counsel for a fugitive slave, a result of the case was the prosecution of James
Birney, employer of Matilda, for harboring a slave in violation of the Ohio statute of 1807.” This
case started in Virginia when Matilda’s owner was using steamboat when traveling to Missouri
and docked at Cincinnati. “He went ashore as well as Matilda and was concealed by some
Negroes. Mr. Birney assumed she was free and employed her. Her owner went on to Missouri,
but left agents to find Matilda. Birney and his family believed she was free in as much as Matilda
had landed in Ohio with the consent of her master. Chase argued that when a slave owner
voluntarily brought a slave into a free state the slave automatically became free and could not be
reclaimed as a fugitive under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, but she was sent back to her
owner.” - Ohio Historical Society Journal.
Greenhouse v. Dunlap- This case was decided in December of 1843. “Alleged assistance of an
Ohioan, John Mahan, in the escape of a Kentucky slave, the significance of this case was the
question of the validity of a bond which was put up for Mahan rather than the rendition of
assistance to a slave escaping into Ohio from Kentucky. Mahan was indicted for aiding a slave,
named John, who was owned by William Greathouse. Greathouse undertook legal proceedings
against him with the result that he was extradited, and committed to the Mason county jail.
Mahan was released from jail when William Dunlap, who was from Brown County, Ohio, put up
3. a bond for him.” But Dunlap was charged with Mahan’s fees because he gave the bond freely. –
Ohio Historical Society Journal.
Richardson v. Beebee- This case was important because the Ohio Supreme Court said that the
“Ohio law against kidnapping, revived in 1843, unconstitutional if it applied persons carrying
escaped slaves out of the State according to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, without the aid of
state authorities. William Richardson had been arrested by Huron Beebee for taking Alfred Berry
out of the county without first taking him before a judge to establish his property right.
Richardson was prosecuted since he had not established proof of ownership. Richardson was
found not guilty of kidnapping, because he was removing a slave from the state. – Ohio historical
society journal.
Jones v. Van Zandt – this was a case that lasted from 1842 until 1847 and reached the United
States Supreme Court. “If afforded considerable publicity on the question of the legality of the
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793. Defending Van Zandt when his appeal was made before the
Supreme Court were Chase and William Seward. Involved was the question of interpreting the
nature of notice under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793. John Zandt was an abolitionist, a
Kentuckian who had migrated into Ohio, and was active in aiding to escape.” What happened
was nine slaves went from Kentucky to Ohio, “while Zandt was returning to his farm near
Cincinnati he found the nine slaves on the road and picked them up. Zandt was stopped about
fifteen miles north of Cincinnati and caught all but two of the slaves. Those captured were
immediately sent to Kentucky and jailed without any trials. In the end Zandt ended up paying
Wharton Jones, the owner of the slaves.” – Ohio Historical Society Journal
Fugitive Slave Cases before 1840 in Ohio were fewer in number than after this time. Between
1850 and 1860, 343 African Americans appeared before federal commissioners, of these 332
were sent to slavery in the south.
Every case was different depending on many factors, though mostly fugitive slaves were able to
have a fair trial most of the time they ended back into slavery. A lot of the cases were difficult
because once the fugitives crossed into Ohio it was a federal case and no longer was black and
white case. Many fugitive slaves did find their way to freedom but unfortunately that was not the
case for some. As we can see a lot of Ohioans stood up for the fugitive slaves and tried to make a
case for their freedom, but not always succeeded in this.
4. Bibliography
Cincinnati Commercial. (1859, November 2). The Fugitive Slave Case at Columbus, Ohio. New
York Times .
Cincinnati Commmercial. (1853, August 22). Fugitive Slave Case in Cincinnati. New York Times
.
Cincinnati Gazette. (1856, March 3). The Fugitive Slaves in Cincinnati. The New Yourk Times .
Connors, T. (n.d.). The Fugitive Slave Act. Retrieved June 6, 2009, from How Stuff Works:
http://history.howstuffworks.com/american-civil-war/underground-railroad2.htm
Ohio Historical Society. (1998). Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly. The Scholarly
Journal of the Ohio Historical Sociey , 169-184.
Ohio History Central. (n.d.). Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from
www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1483
Ohio State Journal. (1853, August 31). Another Slave Case. New York Times .
Snow, B. (n.d.). Slave Narratives-Clark County. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from Sory of Peter
Bruner, a former slave:
www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kypendle/public_html/Pages/blackslavesclarkco.htm
The Cincinnati Slave Case. (1856, March 11). New York Times .
Underground Railroad. (n.d.). Retrieved June 6, 2009, from
http://appraisercentral.com/research/Underground%20Railroad.htm