Vincennes, Indiana was founded in 1732 as a French fur trading post, making it the oldest city in Indiana. It served as the capital of Indiana from 1800 to 1813. George Rogers Clark captured Fort Sackville in Vincennes in 1779 during the American Revolutionary War. Significant figures connected to Vincennes' history include William Henry Harrison, who served as President and gathered troops at Fort Knox II in Vincennes in 1811, and Abraham Lincoln, who passed through Vincennes on his way to Illinois in 1830.
Covers the major events leading up to the French and Indian War, including the breaking of the Covenant Chain, George Washington's conflict with the French in the Ohio River Valley, the convening of the Albany Congress, and Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union. Also covers the Braddock Expedition and the Battle of the Monongahela.
Covers the major events leading up to the French and Indian War, including the breaking of the Covenant Chain, George Washington's conflict with the French in the Ohio River Valley, the convening of the Albany Congress, and Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union. Also covers the Braddock Expedition and the Battle of the Monongahela.
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Texas Society Daughters of the American Revolution historical markers designed to preserve American History for future generations. These are some of the markers placed in Texas by the Texas Society and chapters.
The Atlantic Proletariat”U.S. Labor and Work - 201Week 2P.docxmehek4
The “Atlantic Proletariat”
U.S. Labor and Work - 201
Week 2
Prof. Brucher
What does “Proletariat” mean?
From the Latin proletarius: a person having no wealth or property and only served the state by producing offspring.
By the mid-17th century “proletarian” and “proletariat” were used in English to describe common workers.
Today, these terms are used to describe the working class in broad terms.
Why call it the“Atlantic Proletariat”?
Social historians argue that a wide-ranging group of workers provided the labor necessary for colonial expansion in the Atlantic economy of the Americas from the time of contact between European, African, and Native American Peoples.
Who were the Atlantic Proletariat?
Indentured Servants
Slaves
Dispossessed commoners
Transported felons
Religious radicals
Urban laborers
Soldiers
Sailors
Pirates
Native Americans
Why focus on workers?
Of course, we can look at other factors when studying the Atlantic economy:
Technological advancement and knowledge driving exploration (better sailing ships, navigation methods, etc.).
Agricultural advancement (cultivating crops).
Political developments fuelling expansion and trade (see textbook chapter 1!).
Religious motivations (Spanish, Portuguese, and French Catholic missionaries, English religious dissenters, etc.).
Why focus on workers?
Ordinary workers did the labor that was essential to the rise of the Atlantic economy from the 16th through 19th centuries, which in turn fueled the growth of the modern global economy.
At the same time, many members of the Atlantic Proletariat tried to resist or adapt to conditions that were often brutal, violent, and inhumane.
Processes that help create the Atlantic Proletariat
Expropriation: The seizure of common property used by the many (ordinary people) and put in the hands of the few (governments/kingdoms, colonial corporations). Examples:
Spanish conquistadors seizing lands in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America to create enconmiendas controlled by wealthy Spanish landlords under the Spanish crown.
Wealthy lords enclosing the commons (shared agricultural lands used by poor communities) in Great Britain.
English corporations like the Virginia Company that set up agricultural colonies on the east coast, claiming property for themselves and the English crown.
Processes that help create the Atlantic Proletariat
Exploitation: The act of mistreating someone to benefit from their labor. The work involved in expropriation was particularly exploitative:
Encomiendas: Native Americans forced to work for the Spanish landlords, clearing land and harvesting crops. African slaves later imported to the Spanish colonies.
Enclosing the commons: Poor people kicked people off the land, forcing them to become tenant farmers, move to the cities for work, or become indentured servants in America. Poor people also imprisoned and forced to work; many sent to work as sailors or to work in the Americas.
The Virginia ...
The African Burial Ground and the History of Slavery in New York CityBob Mayer
At one point, New York City was second only to Charleston in the number of slaves. When Wall Street was actually a defensive wall, half-freed blacks formed a community north of it, outside the wall. They were denied, by law, from burying in the city so had their own burial ground. What happened to it?
Presentation presented at the Company of Military Historians, Old Northwest Chapter and reprised at the NWTA Research Symposium on the America Revolution
British Military Presence in the Midwest, 1760-1786
History Of Vincennes, Indiana
1. History of Vincennes, Indiana Standard: 3.1: Students will describe how significant people, events and developments have shaped their own community and region; compare their community to other communities in the region in other times and places; and use a variety of resources to gather information about the past.
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