The term stock market refers to several exchanges in which shares of publicly held companies are bought and sold. Such financial activities are conducted through formal exchanges and via over-the-counter (OTC) marketplaces that operate under a defined set of regulations. It is a place where shares of pubic listed companies are traded. thanks for taking our help.
2. SEMINAR OUTLINE
• What is Investment
• Financial definition of
Investment
• Who made Investment
• About risk
• About return
• About safety
3. WHAT IS INVESTMENT
• An investment involves putting capital to use today in
order to increase its value over time. An investment
requires putting capital to work, in the form of time,
money, effort, etc., in hopes of a greater payoff in the
future than what was originally put in.
4. FINANCIAL DEFINITION OF INVESTMENT
• Commitment of a person’s fund to derive future income or appreciation in the value
of their capital.
• Future Income may be:-
-Interest
-Dividend
-Premiums
-Pension benefits
5. WHO MADE INVESTMENT
• Benjamin Graham was an investing pioneer. He invented the concept
of value investing in the 1920s -- an approach that prioritizes buying
stocks priced below their intrinsic values.
• Benjamin Graham is one of the most successful and influential stock
market investors in the modern era.
• He is often known as the "father of value investing."
6. IS THERE ANY RISK ?
• Risk is inherent in any investment.
• Risk and return of an investment are related.
• The higher the risk, the higher the return.
• Risk may be:-
-Loss of capital
-Delay in repayment
-Non payment of interest
-Variability in return
7. IS THERE ANY RETURN ?
• Return depends upon:-
-Nature of the investment
-The maturity period
-Host of other factor
Received return in the form of yield [Dividend or Interest] + capital
appreciation [Difference between sales and price and purchase
Price]
8. SAFETY
• Every investor expects to get his capital on maturity
without loss and without delay.
• Safety is another feature which an investor
Desires for his investments.
• Safety implies the certainly of return of
Capital without loss of money or time.
10. SEMINAR
OUTLINE
• What is sector reform
• What is Insurance
• Evolution of Insurance in india
• Insurance sector reform
• Present scenario
11. WHAT IS SECTOR REFORM
• Consists of deliberate changes to the structures and
processes of public sector organizations with the
objective of getting them to run better. Structural change
may include merging or splitting public sector
organizations while process change may include
redesigning systems, setting quality standards, and
focusing on capacity-building.
12. WHAT IS INSURANCE
• The literal meaning of insurance would be an assurance against
unforeseen and unfortunate loss. This means, that if you
encounter a less than normal event in your normal course of life,
and happen to incur a financial loss because of it, you can be
compensated.
• For example, you met with an accident on your way to the office
in your car and the car suffers damage. Your insurer can reimburse
the repair expenses in this case. However, the insurer will not
reimburse normal wear and tear like a headlamp stopped
working.
13. EVOLUTION OF INSURANCE IN
INDIA. . . . . . . . . . . . .
• In India, insurance has a deep-rooted history. It finds mention in the writings
of Manu (Manusmrithi), Yagnavalkya (Dharmasastra) and Kautilya
(Arthasastra).
• The writings talk in terms of pooling of resources that could be re-distributed
in times of calamities such as fire, floods, epidemics and famine. This was
probably a pre-cursor to modern day insurance. Ancient Indian history has
preserved the earliest traces of insurance in the form of marine trade loans
and carriers’ contracts. Insurance in India has evolved over time heavily
drawing from other countries, England in particular.
14. INSURANCE SECTOR REFORM
• The Insurance Sector in India is a vital part of the country’s financial industry,
offering a diverse range of insurance products and services to mitigate risks
and provide financial protection. It is regulated by the Insurance Regulatory
and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) to ensure fairness and stability.
• Public and private insurers operate in India, with private companies gaining
market share through innovation and customer-centric approaches alongside
traditional public sector companies like LIC. Regulatory reforms have
enhanced transparency, customer protection, and competition, while digital
platforms have improved accessibility and streamlined claims processes.
15. PRESENT SCENARIO
• The government of india liberalized the insurance sector in march
2000 with the passage of the insurance regulatory and
development authority (IRDA) bill, lifting all entry restriction for
private players to enter the market with some limits on direct
foreign ownership .Under the current guidelines ,there is a 26%
equity cap for foreign partners in an insurance company. There is
a proposal to increase this limits to 49 percent.
17. SEMINAR OUTLINE
• Introduction to Sources of
Funds
• Sources of Funds
• Short term financing
• Working capital finance by
commercial banks
• External commercial borrowing
18. INTRODUCTION TO SOURCES OF
FUNDS……………..
• Business simply cannot function without money, and the
money required to make a business function is known as
business funds. Throughout the life of business, money is
required continuously. Sources of funds are used in
activities of the business. They are classified based on
time period, ownership and control, and their source of
generation.
20. SHORT TERM FINANCING
• Short term finance are required primarily to meetworking capital
requirements. The focus is on maintaining liquidity at a reasonable
cost.Types of short term financing are:
1.Working Capital Finance
2.Commercial Paper
3.Trade Credit
4.Factoring
5.Inter Corporate Deposits
21. WORKING CAPITAL FINANCE BY
COMMERCIAL BANKS
• Working Capital Financing is when a business borrows money to cover day-
to-day operations and payroll rather than purchasing equipment or
investment. Working capital financing is common for businesses with an
inconsistent cash flow. Whether its Loans, Overdraft, Line of Credit or Invoice
Discounting find it out here!
• Bank Credit may be granted in the following ways:-
1.Loans
2.Purchase/ Discounting of bills.
3.Cash Credit
22. EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWING
* ECB refers to commercial loan in the form of bank loans, buyers
credit, suppliers credit, securitized instruments.(Floating rates notes and Fixed
rates bonds) availed from non-resident lenders with minimum average maturity
years.
*ECB means foreign currency loan raised by residents from recognized
lenders. Financial leases and Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds are also
covered by ECB guidelines
