SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Cakewalk

c. 1920
The Lockers
c. 1971
Electric Boogalos
c. 1977
c. 1982

Breaking
Krumping

c. 2000
Citations

“Breakdancing History.” Breakdancing Ninja. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.
Fletcher, Tom. 100 Years of the Negro in Show Business. New York: Da Capo, 1984. Print.
Heckscher, Jurretta Jordan. All the Mazes of the Dance: Black Dancing, Culture, and Identity in the Greater Chesapeake World from the Early Eighteenth Century to the Civil War.
N.p.: n.p., 2000. Print.
Jackson, Irene V. More than Dancing: Essays on Afro-American Music and Musicians.
Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1985. Print.
Love, Bridget H. KRUMP: The New Spiritual in Afrocentric Rhetoric. N.p.: n.p., 2007. Print.
Mahar, William J. Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum
American Poputlar Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1999. Print.
Malnig, Julie. Ballroom, Boogie, Shimmy Sham, Shake: A Social and Popular Dance Reader. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2009. Print.
Minton, Sandra Cerny. Choreography: A Basic Approach Using Improvisation. Champaign,
IL: Human Kinetics, 1997. Print.
Newton, Michael. Gangsters Encyclopedia. London: Collins & Brown, 2007. Print.
Peek, Philip M., and Kwesi Yankah. African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print.
Ross, Frank Russell. Soul Dancing!: The Essential African American Cultural Dance Book.
Reston, VA: National Dance Association, 2010. Print.
Schloss, Joseph Glenn. Foundation: B-boys, B-girls, and Hip-hop Culture in New York.
Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print.
Stearns, Marshall Winslow., and Jean Stearns. Jazz Dance; the Story of American Vernacular Dance. New York: Macmillan, 1968. Print.
Thomas, Richard. 2006 European Workshop on Design & Semantics of Form & Movement
on October 26, 2006 in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Eindhoven: Beal Institute for Strategic
Creativity, 2006. 12. Print.
Tufnell, Miranda, and Chris Crickmay. Body, Space, Image: Notes towards Improvisation

and Performance. London: Dance, 1993. Print.

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Hip Hop Culture Timeline

  • 6. Citations “Breakdancing History.” Breakdancing Ninja. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Fletcher, Tom. 100 Years of the Negro in Show Business. New York: Da Capo, 1984. Print. Heckscher, Jurretta Jordan. All the Mazes of the Dance: Black Dancing, Culture, and Identity in the Greater Chesapeake World from the Early Eighteenth Century to the Civil War. N.p.: n.p., 2000. Print. Jackson, Irene V. More than Dancing: Essays on Afro-American Music and Musicians. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1985. Print. Love, Bridget H. KRUMP: The New Spiritual in Afrocentric Rhetoric. N.p.: n.p., 2007. Print. Mahar, William J. Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Poputlar Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1999. Print. Malnig, Julie. Ballroom, Boogie, Shimmy Sham, Shake: A Social and Popular Dance Reader. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2009. Print. Minton, Sandra Cerny. Choreography: A Basic Approach Using Improvisation. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1997. Print. Newton, Michael. Gangsters Encyclopedia. London: Collins & Brown, 2007. Print. Peek, Philip M., and Kwesi Yankah. African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print. Ross, Frank Russell. Soul Dancing!: The Essential African American Cultural Dance Book. Reston, VA: National Dance Association, 2010. Print. Schloss, Joseph Glenn. Foundation: B-boys, B-girls, and Hip-hop Culture in New York. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print. Stearns, Marshall Winslow., and Jean Stearns. Jazz Dance; the Story of American Vernacular Dance. New York: Macmillan, 1968. Print. Thomas, Richard. 2006 European Workshop on Design & Semantics of Form & Movement on October 26, 2006 in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Eindhoven: Beal Institute for Strategic Creativity, 2006. 12. Print. Tufnell, Miranda, and Chris Crickmay. Body, Space, Image: Notes towards Improvisation and Performance. London: Dance, 1993. Print.