Hindu way of life cannot be branded anti-secular - T. N. Pandey - Article published in Business Advisor, dated November 25, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Abstract: National integration is an idea of belongingness to a nation. Secularism, a word patronized by G.H. Holyoaks means separation of the church from the state and gives a position of neutrality between different religions. Integration is more of a geographical identity and touches the core of sensitivity to national activities and causes. Secularism is an important aspect of Indian society, for this India is known in the entire world. A unique feature of our country is that it is the playground of all the major religions of the world and these have flourished here since their inception in the country. The Sanatana Dharma as understood from Vedas talks of essential unity of manhood. From time immemorial we find the common people in villages lived harmoniously for centuries without being disturbed by the wars waged by the rulers. The invasions of Mughal and Aryans and their like added cultures and religions to the already diversified India. The disrupters of communal harmony has its roots in the divide & rule policy practiced by the British and after the independence, it is due to the electoral politics pursued by the politicians. The cross border import of communalism encouraged by the vested interests also fueled tensions within the religion and then the country. Underneath the turbulence of communal discord, we find a natural tendency of the people for an inherent secularism in our country. One can worship a god of one’s choice based on family values or adherences, and respect others for having their own sense of this. An attempt is made in this article to explain the sources of discord among the religions and we tried to present a few solutions as well. The article tries to study the inherent secular values of the Indians and try to portray things from Indian perspective.
A first attempt at exploring the parallels between Hindutva (essense of "Hindu" thought) and the tenets of classical liberalism. Pl contribute and share widely. Thanks
Translator's Preface
The Saudi Commission for Health Specialities has given a lot of attention and effort to the ethical issues related to healthcare practice in Saudi Arabia. The continuous updates of this book are only just one example of such efforts. In addition, this important and timely step of translating the last edition of this Code of Ethics for Healthcare Practitioners book into English is to be praised and welcomed. There are many healthcare practitioners that do not speak Arabic in Saudi Arabia and they need to know the relevant regulations in order to have some guidance, should they face any of the ethical issues mentioned in this book.
In this preface, I will briefly explain some of the main concepts that were mentioned in the Arabic edition and then summarize the methodology I used to translate this book.
Abstract: National integration is an idea of belongingness to a nation. Secularism, a word patronized by G.H. Holyoaks means separation of the church from the state and gives a position of neutrality between different religions. Integration is more of a geographical identity and touches the core of sensitivity to national activities and causes. Secularism is an important aspect of Indian society, for this India is known in the entire world. A unique feature of our country is that it is the playground of all the major religions of the world and these have flourished here since their inception in the country. The Sanatana Dharma as understood from Vedas talks of essential unity of manhood. From time immemorial we find the common people in villages lived harmoniously for centuries without being disturbed by the wars waged by the rulers. The invasions of Mughal and Aryans and their like added cultures and religions to the already diversified India. The disrupters of communal harmony has its roots in the divide & rule policy practiced by the British and after the independence, it is due to the electoral politics pursued by the politicians. The cross border import of communalism encouraged by the vested interests also fueled tensions within the religion and then the country. Underneath the turbulence of communal discord, we find a natural tendency of the people for an inherent secularism in our country. One can worship a god of one’s choice based on family values or adherences, and respect others for having their own sense of this. An attempt is made in this article to explain the sources of discord among the religions and we tried to present a few solutions as well. The article tries to study the inherent secular values of the Indians and try to portray things from Indian perspective.
A first attempt at exploring the parallels between Hindutva (essense of "Hindu" thought) and the tenets of classical liberalism. Pl contribute and share widely. Thanks
Translator's Preface
The Saudi Commission for Health Specialities has given a lot of attention and effort to the ethical issues related to healthcare practice in Saudi Arabia. The continuous updates of this book are only just one example of such efforts. In addition, this important and timely step of translating the last edition of this Code of Ethics for Healthcare Practitioners book into English is to be praised and welcomed. There are many healthcare practitioners that do not speak Arabic in Saudi Arabia and they need to know the relevant regulations in order to have some guidance, should they face any of the ethical issues mentioned in this book.
In this preface, I will briefly explain some of the main concepts that were mentioned in the Arabic edition and then summarize the methodology I used to translate this book.
The root word of ijtehad is “Juhd” which means “to try or strive”. It's the process in which a scholar independently strive to find answers, reasons or solutions to the problem in light of Quran and Ahadees.
Qiyaas
Sometimes they use analogy to find solutions. E.g: alcohol is forbidden. So if a thing has same effect as alcohol, it is also forbidden.
This method of analogy is called “Qiyaas”.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Emerging Pattern of Gujjar and Bakerwal Leadership in State Politics of Jammu...paperpublications3
Abstract: Gujjar and bakerwal Leadership is not too good as compare to other communities in state of Jammu and Kashmir as they are not much aware about the social, economic, cultural and political developments taking place around the world. In this paper an attempt has been made to know various dimensions of Emerging Pattern of Gujjar and Bakerwal leadership in State Politics of Jammu and Kashmir. The seeds of Gujjar and Bakerwal leadership can be found in Darbar Baba Jee Sahab. However, the political and social role of the Darbar is inseparable from the history of Jammu and Kashmir. Offering the marginalised and excluded people an alternative platform to the first political party of Jammu and Kashmir way back in 1932 to representing people in all terms of legislative assembly including the Constituent Assembly in 1952 the Darbar of Baba Jee Sahab becomes an essential component of the political life of Jammu and Kashmir, significantly in both phases –pre-1947 as well as post-1947. This paper is conceptual in nature based on secondary sources i.e. Books, Journals, Articles, newspapers, Reports etc.
An English translation of خلاصه تعبير كى غلطى by Maulana Wahiudin Khan by Dr. Salem A KHANANI. This book was written as a response to a book by Maulana Maududi Four Basic Quranic Terms.
Islam Nusantara: Religion Dialectic and Cultural for Pluralism-Democratic Soc...Ali Murfi
Seeing the face of Islamic nowadays, Islam Nusantara is very needed, because its characteristic proposes solution in moderate ways, not right or left extreme, always balance, inclusive, tolerance, can live in harmonization with other religion followers and can accept the democracy well. Islam Nusantara is delivered through in friendly, harmonize and respectful way, so that it does not suppress the culture. Islam Nusantara is neither a new religion nor a new school, but Islam Nusantara is the face of Islam in Southeast Asia. The teachings of Islam are implemented in a society in which the mental and character are influenced by the structure of the islands. Islam Nusantara's characteristic can be formulated in operational form as the basic of life for the pluralism and nationality society so that it can be defined as a process of Islam Nusantara actualization through local wisdom. In the level of practice, it can be done by inserting Islam Nusantara's values, not only in knowledge's source and structure but also in society's morality. Those values are moderate, tolerance, balance and inclusive.
Compatibility of Secularism in India: A Contested Discourseinventionjournals
The idea of Indian secularism is deeply rooted in its own socio-cultural and historical traditions. It has its own concept of secularism which is different from the Western concept. The uniqueness of the Indian conception of secularism has been discussed extensively and has been one of the most debated and contested issues in recent times. There are apprehensions about whether the concept would find a suited field of application in the Indian social and political context. . Conceptually Indian secularism dwells in an entirely unique discursive domain. This paper particularly tries to analyse the compatibility of secular idea in India and questions some of its fundamental foundations. The research delineates the secular distinctiveness of the Indian nation-state and various contestations and debates among scholars for its effectiveness in the Indian society.
The term “Secular” means being "separate" from religion, or having no religious basis. A secular person is one who does not owe his moral values to any religion. His values are the product of his rational and scientific thinking.
Questions On Hinduism
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Correlation between Hinduism and Corporate Social ResponsibilityMilton Kumar
This paper is a study about the correlation between Hinduism and Corporate Social Responsibility of an organization. The study emphasizes how Hinduism supports CSR for the betterment of the society and on the other hand development and growth of a company.
The root word of ijtehad is “Juhd” which means “to try or strive”. It's the process in which a scholar independently strive to find answers, reasons or solutions to the problem in light of Quran and Ahadees.
Qiyaas
Sometimes they use analogy to find solutions. E.g: alcohol is forbidden. So if a thing has same effect as alcohol, it is also forbidden.
This method of analogy is called “Qiyaas”.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Emerging Pattern of Gujjar and Bakerwal Leadership in State Politics of Jammu...paperpublications3
Abstract: Gujjar and bakerwal Leadership is not too good as compare to other communities in state of Jammu and Kashmir as they are not much aware about the social, economic, cultural and political developments taking place around the world. In this paper an attempt has been made to know various dimensions of Emerging Pattern of Gujjar and Bakerwal leadership in State Politics of Jammu and Kashmir. The seeds of Gujjar and Bakerwal leadership can be found in Darbar Baba Jee Sahab. However, the political and social role of the Darbar is inseparable from the history of Jammu and Kashmir. Offering the marginalised and excluded people an alternative platform to the first political party of Jammu and Kashmir way back in 1932 to representing people in all terms of legislative assembly including the Constituent Assembly in 1952 the Darbar of Baba Jee Sahab becomes an essential component of the political life of Jammu and Kashmir, significantly in both phases –pre-1947 as well as post-1947. This paper is conceptual in nature based on secondary sources i.e. Books, Journals, Articles, newspapers, Reports etc.
An English translation of خلاصه تعبير كى غلطى by Maulana Wahiudin Khan by Dr. Salem A KHANANI. This book was written as a response to a book by Maulana Maududi Four Basic Quranic Terms.
Islam Nusantara: Religion Dialectic and Cultural for Pluralism-Democratic Soc...Ali Murfi
Seeing the face of Islamic nowadays, Islam Nusantara is very needed, because its characteristic proposes solution in moderate ways, not right or left extreme, always balance, inclusive, tolerance, can live in harmonization with other religion followers and can accept the democracy well. Islam Nusantara is delivered through in friendly, harmonize and respectful way, so that it does not suppress the culture. Islam Nusantara is neither a new religion nor a new school, but Islam Nusantara is the face of Islam in Southeast Asia. The teachings of Islam are implemented in a society in which the mental and character are influenced by the structure of the islands. Islam Nusantara's characteristic can be formulated in operational form as the basic of life for the pluralism and nationality society so that it can be defined as a process of Islam Nusantara actualization through local wisdom. In the level of practice, it can be done by inserting Islam Nusantara's values, not only in knowledge's source and structure but also in society's morality. Those values are moderate, tolerance, balance and inclusive.
Compatibility of Secularism in India: A Contested Discourseinventionjournals
The idea of Indian secularism is deeply rooted in its own socio-cultural and historical traditions. It has its own concept of secularism which is different from the Western concept. The uniqueness of the Indian conception of secularism has been discussed extensively and has been one of the most debated and contested issues in recent times. There are apprehensions about whether the concept would find a suited field of application in the Indian social and political context. . Conceptually Indian secularism dwells in an entirely unique discursive domain. This paper particularly tries to analyse the compatibility of secular idea in India and questions some of its fundamental foundations. The research delineates the secular distinctiveness of the Indian nation-state and various contestations and debates among scholars for its effectiveness in the Indian society.
The term “Secular” means being "separate" from religion, or having no religious basis. A secular person is one who does not owe his moral values to any religion. His values are the product of his rational and scientific thinking.
Questions On Hinduism
Hinduism Essay
Hinduism Essay
Hinduism Research Paper
Hinduism Essay example
Hinduism Essay
The History of Hinduism Essay
Essay about Hinduism
Hinduism Essay
Hinduism Essay
Hinduism Essay
Hinduism Essay examples
Hinduism
Correlation between Hinduism and Corporate Social ResponsibilityMilton Kumar
This paper is a study about the correlation between Hinduism and Corporate Social Responsibility of an organization. The study emphasizes how Hinduism supports CSR for the betterment of the society and on the other hand development and growth of a company.
The good of all is what is good for oneselfD Murali ☆
May Day post by S. Prabhu in his blog prtraveller
Link: https://prtraveller.blogspot.com/2020/05/d-murali-journalist.html
Ref:
1) A whistleblowing story in SlideShare https://www.slideshare.net/MuraliD1/a-whistleblowing-story-part-1
2) Whistleblowing story - Sequence of mails https://www.slideshare.net/MuraliD1/whistleblowing-story-sequence-of-mails
3) Audiobiography in Soundcloud https://soundcloud.com/muralid/audiobiography-d-murali
4) Be agitated about gender prejudice https://soundcloud.com/muralid/sound-clip-27-be-agitated
5) Demand for apology https://soundcloud.com/muralid/apo
6) Why are you agitated https://soundcloud.com/muralid/why
7) Mylapore Times article by S. Prabhu https://www.slideshare.net/MuraliD1/online-content-useful-for-sanskrit-students
8) This article in SlideShare https://www.slideshare.net/MuraliD1/the-good-of-all-is-what-is-good-for-oneself
9) Mylapore Times article link http://www.mylaporetimes.com/2020/04/senior-journo-posts-online-content-useful-for-sanskrit-students-young-and-old/
10) Tweet in CopyTasterDM handle https://twitter.com/CopyTasterDM/status/1256489049264537601
11) LinkedIn post https://www.linkedin.com/posts/muralide_d-murali-journalist-activity-6661878686062645248-9Zp0/
12) Facebook post https://www.facebook.com/dMurali/posts/10214668257814386
Business Journos Chennai WhatsApp Group infoD Murali ☆
188 participants as on April 29, 2020
Group created on August 19, 2014
Group description:
"Focus: Biz news & events in Chennai. Biz=What's typically in a biz newspaper. Ground rules: NO wishes, jokes, videos, audio, unverified fwds. Cite sources, share yr tweets. Vision: Aim for thoroughness.
A few tips: Be agile, alert, diverse, inclusive, engaging, truthful, empathetic, independent, curious, & human. Steer clear of cash/ vouchers! Ask questions. Seek clarity. Demand accountability. Demystify jargon. Wander to where spotlights don't shine.
-- DM"
Accompanying Twitter handle: @CopyTasterDM - for picking stories to share with the 'Business Journos Chennai' group
(Received from CECRI; CSIR-Council of Scientific & Industrial Research; SERC-Structural Engineering Research Centre; CECRI-Central Electrochemical Research Institute)
CSIR-CECRI-Industrial Conclave - Water treatmentD Murali ☆
CSIR-CECRI-Industrial Conclave - Water treatment
(Received from CECRI; CSIR-Council of Scientific & Industrial Research; SERC-Structural Engineering Research Centre; CECRI-Central Electrochemical Research Institute)
Blog post link: http://bit.ly/2vdIiN1
FICCI Digital Disruption & Transformation Summit DDTS, ELCOT presentation D Murali ☆
'Future of Governance - Transforming the government digitally' - Presentation by Dr Rajendra Kumar, IAS, CMD, ELCOT, in FICCI Digital Disruption & Transformation Summit DDTS
Blog post link: http://bit.ly/2viWgC0
Knight Frank India Real Estate (Jan-June 2017) ReportD Murali ☆
Knight Frank India Real Estate (Jan-June 2017) Report
Knight Frank-17H1
Kanchana Krishnan, Knight Frank on 17H1 January-June 2017 India Real Estate
(Residential, office)
Blog post link: http://bit.ly/2upCz7K
All India and Chennai ppt - India Real Estate (Jan-Jun 2017)D Murali ☆
All India and Chennai ppt - India Real Estate (Jan-Jun 2017)
Knight Frank-17H1
Kanchana Krishnan, Knight Frank on 17H1 January-June 2017 India Real Estate
(Residential, office)
Blog post link: http://bit.ly/2upCz7K
Why Government is unfair to Indian Revenue Service officers who strenuously w...D Murali ☆
Why Government is unfair to Indian Revenue Service officers who strenuously work to provide fuel for efficiently running its administration? - T. N. Pandey - Article published in Business Advisor, dated April 25, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Tweeted on www.twitter.com/BusinessAdvDM #BusinessAdvisorArchives
Supreme Court may kindly consider whether SIT appointed on its order needs to...D Murali ☆
Supreme Court may kindly consider whether SIT appointed on its order needs to be wound up - T. N. Pandey - Article published in Business Advisor, dated May 10, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Tweeted on www.twitter.com/BusinessAdvDM #BusinessAdvisorArchives
Basic tenets of GST - Dr Sanjiv Agarwal - Article published in Business Advisor, dated May 10, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Tweeted on www.twitter.com/BusinessAdvDM #BusinessAdvisorArchives
Possibility of set-off of business loss against cash credit/ unexplained inve...D Murali ☆
Possibility of set-off of business loss against cash credit/ unexplained investment - V. K. Subramani - Article published in Business Advisor, dated May 25, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Tweeted on www.twitter.com/BusinessAdvDM #BusinessAdvisorArchives
Irrationalities in giving Padma awards damage their sanctity - T. N. PandeyD Murali ☆
Irrationalities in giving Padma awards damage their sanctity - T. N. Pandey - Article published in Business Advisor, dated May 25, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Tweeted on www.twitter.com/BusinessAdvDM #BusinessAdvisorArchives
Karnataka HC endorses tax avoidance technique to lessen minimum alternate tax...D Murali ☆
Karnataka HC endorses tax avoidance technique to lessen minimum alternate tax (MAT) - T. N. Pandey - Article published in Business Advisor, dated June 10, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Tweeted on www.twitter.com/BusinessAdvDM #BusinessAdvisorArchives
Updates on Circulars and Notifications - V. K. SubramaniD Murali ☆
Updates on Circulars and Notifications - V. K. Subramani - Article published in Business Advisor, dated June 25, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
Tweeted on www.twitter.com/BusinessAdvDM
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Hindu way of life cannot be branded anti-secular - T. N. Pandey
1. Volume XVII Part 4 November 25, 2016 3 Business Advisor
Hindu way of life cannot be branded anti-
secular
T. N. Pandey
Whenever a citizen of India expresses views on Hindu
way of life and adherence to its values, he is branded as
an anti-secular person, acting against secular principles
enshrined in the Constitution of India. Some weeks
back, Dr Subramanian Swamy made statements
concerning construction of Ram Temple at Ayodhya by
the year end and this evoked vociferous adverse
comments from some political parties and persons
labeling the same as communal and anti-secular despite
the fact that, in a seminar in Delhi University hall on 09.01.2016, he
clarified that the temple will be constructed, not forcibly but after winning
the legal battle pending before the Supreme Court. Yet, some sections of the
students staged protests, shouting slogans and charging the BJP-led Govt.
of polarising the minds and intending to disturb the communal harmony.
This raises the broader issue whether the followers of Hinduism,
constituting nearly 80% of the population of India, are not entitled to build a
temple for worship when the Apex Court of the country in a series of
decisions has held that Hinduism „does not satisfy the narrow traditional
features of any religion or creed and broadly can be described as a way of
life and nothing more‟ [vide Gajendragadkar C.J. of the Supreme Court in
Sastri Y. and Ors. v. Muldas Bhudardas Vaishya &Anr., AIR 1966 SC 1119].
[2] There have been umpteen debates, discussions and elucidations in
dictionaries and by academicians, learned authors and courts as to who are
„Hindus‟ and what „Hinduism‟ means. The Encyclopedia of Religion and
Ethics, in Vol.VI has described „Hinduism as that form of religion, which
prevails amongst the vast majority of the present population of the Indian
Empire‟ (p.686). According to Dr Radhakrishnan, „The Hindu civilisation is
so called since its original founders or earliest followers occupied the
territory drained by the Sindhu (the Indus) river system comprising NEFP
and Punjab. This is recorded in the Rigveda – the oldest of the Vedas, the
Hindu Scriptures, which give their name to this period of Indian history.
The people on the Indian side of the Sindhu were called Hindu by the
Persian and the later Western Invaders [“The Hindu way of Life” by Dr
Radhakrishnan] (p.12)‟.
The genesis of the term „Hindu‟ has been explained by M. Williams thus:-
2. Volume XVII Part 4 November 25, 2016 4 Business Advisor
“…The Hindu religion is a reflection of the composite character of Hindus, who
are not one people but many. It is based on the idea of universal receptivity. It
has aimed at accommodating itself to circumstances and has carried on the
process of adaptation through more than 3,000 years. It has first borne with
and then, so to speak imbibed, digested and assimilated something from all
creeds [Religions Thought and Life in India by Monier Williams (p.57)].”
[4] Mulla in his „Principles of Hindu Law‟ at page 671 (14th edition) has
explained the concept of Hindu thus:-
“The word „Hindu‟ does not denote any particular religion or community.
During the last hundred years and more, it has been a nomenclature used to
refer comprehensively to various categories of people for purposes of personal
law. It has been applied to dissenters and non-conformists and even to those,
who have entirely repudiated Brahmanism. It has been applied to various
religious sects and bodies, which at various periods and in circumstances
developed out of or split off from, the Hindu system but whose members have
nevertheless continued to live under the Hindu law and the Courts have
generally put a liberal construction upon enactments relating to the personal
laws applicable to Hindus.”
[5] Toynbee in “The Present Day Experiment in Western Civilisation” has
elaborated about Hinduism in the following manner:-
“When we pass from the plane of social practice to the plane of intellectual
outlook, Hinduism too comes out well by comparison with the religions and
ideologies of the South-West Asian group. In contrast to these, Hinduism has
the same outlook as the pre-Christian and pre-Muslim religions and
philosophies of the Western half of the world. Like them, Hinduism takes it for
granted that there is more than one valid approach to truth and to salvation
and that these different approaches are not only compatible with each other,
but are complementary [pp.48-49].”
[6] In a two-judge decision, pronounced on 16.12.2015, Ranjan Gogai, J.,
“The word „Hindu‟ does not denote any particular religion or
community. During the last hundred years and more, it has
been a nomenclature used to refer comprehensively to
various categories of people for purposes of personal law…”
3. Volume XVII Part 4 November 25, 2016 5 Business Advisor
again reiterated the broader concept of Hinduism thus:-
“Hinduism, as a religion, incorporates all forms of belief without mandating
the selection or elimination of any one single belief. It is a religion that has no
single founder; no single scripture and no single set of teachings. It has been
described as Sanatan Dharma, namely, eternal faith, as it is the collective
wisdom and inspiration of the centuries that Hinduism seeks to preach and
propagate.”
[6.1] A religion thus described cannot be „anti-secular‟ or „communal‟.
[7] Now, it needs to be seen what could be considered „secularism‟ in the
context of Indian Constitution?
In the Constitutional scheme, secularism is something which guarantees
equality in the matter of religion to all individuals and groups irrespective of
their faith emphasising that there is no religion of the State itself. The
Preamble of the Constitution read in particular with Articles 25 to 28
emphasises this aspect and indicates that it is in this manner the concept of
secularism embodied in the constitutional scheme as a creed adopted by the
Indian people has to be understood while examining the constitutional
validity of any legislation on the touchstone of the Constitution. The concept
of secularism is one of the right to equality woven as the central golden
thread in the fabric depicting the pattern of the scheme in our Constitution
[Dr. M. Ismali Faruqui v. UOI, AIR 1995SC 605 – The Ayodhya case].
[7.1] From the concepts of Hindu & Hinduism and secularism explained,
the desire to construct a temple of „Ram‟ as per court‟s decision or speaking
about it, cannot be branded as anti-secular specially in the background of
Articles 25 to 30 of the Constitution, providing fundamental right to freedom
of religion.
In Bhagwan Koer v. J.C. Bose, ILR 1904 Cal 11, it was held that Hindu
religion is marvelously catholic. Its ideology is marked by eclecticism and
tolerance and almost unlimited freedom of privilege worship….
[7.2] In Dr Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo v. Prabhakar Kashinath Kunte & Ors.
In the Constitutional scheme, secularism is something which
guarantees equality in the matter of religion to all individuals
and groups irrespective of their faith emphasising that there
is no religion of the State itself.
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with Bal Thackeray v. P. Kashinath Kunte & Ors., AIR1996 SC 113, dealing
with Representation of People Act – section 123 – sub-sections (3) & (3A), a
3 judges Bench of the SC, headed by J.S. Verma J., has said that mere use
of the word „Hindutva‟ or „Hinduism‟ or mention of any religion in an election
speech does not bring it within the net of sub-section (3) and/or sub-section
(3A) of section 123 unless the speech can be construed as an appeal to vote
for a candidate on the ground that he is a Hindu or refrain from voting on
the ground that he is a non-Hindu.
[8] Concluding comments
The foregoing discussion demonstrates that it is a fallacy as well as an error
of law to presume that any reference to Hindu, Hinduism or Hindutva in
any conversation or speech is opposed to the other religions or that the use
of these words per se depicts an attitude of hostility to others, practicing
other religions. All matters are to be examined in this background. Use of
these words cannot be taken as professing of communalism.
[8.1] As regards secularism, the elucidation given earlier, shows that the
essentials to ensure secularity mentioned in the Preamble to the
Constitution are:-
*Equality in the matter of religion;
*There is no religion of the State itself.
[8.2] The Preamble read in particular with Articles 25 to 30 of the
Constitution emphasises the right to practise any religion one likes.
Secularism is merely one facet of the right of equality woven as the Central
Golden threat in the fabric, depicting the pattern of the scheme in the
Constitution. In his “Indian Muslims - the need for a positive outlook”,
Maulana Wahiduddin Khan (1994) has said, “ordinarily Hindutva is
understood as a way of life or state of mind and it is not to be equated with
or understood as religious Hindu fundamentalism”.
[8.3] Bharucha, J. in Dr M. Ismali Faruqui‟s case (supra) in the separate
opinion for himself and Ahmadji, J. (as he then was), observed as under:-
The Preamble read in particular with Articles 25 to 30 of the
Constitution emphasises the right to practise any religion one
likes.
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“Hinduism is a tolerant faith. It is that tolerance that has enabled Islam,
Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism to
find shelter and support upon this land…”
[8.4] occasionally, objections are raised when certain writings of great
authors of some religions are prescribed in school/ college syllabi by the
Govt. on the ground that such action is anti-secular because these are
religious instructions. The reply to this has been given by the SC in the case
of DAV College v. State of Punjab [AIR 1971 SC 1731], where objections were
taken to a provision in the Gurunanak University, Amritsar Act of 1969 for
study and research on the lines and teachings of Gurunanak and their
cultural and religious impact in the context of national and world
civilisations on the ground that such a provision would propagate Sikh
religion and would violate the rights of Writ Petitioners guaranteed under
Article 30(1) of the Constitution. The violation of Articles 14 & 19(1)(c) was
also pleaded. The Constitution Bench of the SC repelled the challenges
saying:-
“Religious instruction is that which is imparted for inculcating the tenets,
rituals, the observances, ceremonies and modes of worship of a particular
section or denomination. To provide for academic study of life and teaching or
the philosophy and culture of any great saint of India in relation to or the
impact on the Indian and world civilisations cannot be considered as making
provision for religious instructions.”
Hinduism, having been described as a way of life, prescription to improve it
cannot be anti-secular. Secularism has been inserted in the Preamble by
reason of the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976. The object of
inserting the said word was to spell out expressly the high ideas of
secularism and the integrity of the nation. Secularism does not mean the
constitution of an atheist or theocratic society. It merely means equal status
of all religions without any preference in favour of or discrimination against
any of them [M.P. Gopal Krishna v. State of Kerala, AIR 205SC 3053].
(T. N. Pandey is Former Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes.)
Hinduism, having been described as a way of life,
prescription to improve it cannot be anti-secular.