Hi please find my code.import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.pdf
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Hi please find my code. import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class Max3Bag { private HashMap map; public Max3Bag() { map = new HashMap<>(); } public void add(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){ // if map already contains this element if(map.get(element) < 3) // if count is less than 3 then add this element with count incremented by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)+1); }else map.put(element, 1); // if element is not in map then add it it map with count 1 } public void remove(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){// if element is in map if(map.get(element) == 1) // if count is 1 then remove from map map.remove(element); else // else decrement count by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)-1); } } public boolean member(String element){ return map.containsKey(element); } public void print(){ // get each entry of map and print key and value for(Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()){ System.out.println(entry.getKey()+\"=\"+entry.getValue()); } } } public class Max3BagTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Max3Bag A = new Max3Bag(); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"b\"); A.add(\"b\"); A.add(\"b\"); A.remove(\"a\"); A.add(\"c\"); A.print(); } } /* Sample Output: a=2 b=3 c=1 */ Solution Hi please find my code. import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class Max3Bag { private HashMap map; public Max3Bag() { map = new HashMap<>(); } public void add(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){ // if map already contains this element if(map.get(element) < 3) // if count is less than 3 then add this element with count incremented by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)+1); }else map.put(element, 1); // if element is not in map then add it it map with count 1 } public void remove(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){// if element is in map if(map.get(element) == 1) // if count is 1 then remove from map map.remove(element); else // else decrement count by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)-1); } } public boolean member(String element){ return map.containsKey(element); } public void print(){ // get each entry of map and print key and value for(Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()){ System.out.println(entry.getKey()+\"=\"+entry.getValue()); } } } public class Max3BagTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Max3Bag A = new Max3Bag(); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"a\"); A.add(\"b\"); A.add(\"b\"); A.add(\"b\"); A.remove(\"a\"); A.add(\"c\"); A.print(); } } /* Sample Output: a=2 b=3 c=1 */.
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![for(Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()){
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"="+entry.getValue());
}
}
}
public class Max3BagTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Max3Bag A = new Max3Bag();
A.add("a");
A.add("a");
A.add("a");
A.add("a");
A.add("b");
A.add("b");
A.add("b");
A.remove("a");
A.add("c");
A.print();
}
}
/*
Sample Output:
a=2
b=3
c=1
*/
Solution
Hi please find my code.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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moles of HCl = 0.1106 x 10 millimoles = 1.106 millimoles
Solution
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ViVi is universally available on Unix systems. It has been around.pdf
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Vi is a small program that does not require a lot of system memory or CPU time. It works very
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requirement analysis the design step is intiated followed by coding phase. further the completion
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requirements are clearly illustrated. susbequently there is no need of requirements if a proper
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The main function of cerebellum is to control the motor movements. H.pdf
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and balance, voluntary movements coordination. It receives the signals from sensory nerves of
spinal cord and brain and help in tuning the motor activity.
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move or hold any substances, the movement would not be uniform or clearly, the movement
would not be in a coordinaated fashion. observing the changes in the motor actions of the patient,
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feedback signals again travel from cerebellar cortex to cerebral cortex. the damage in these
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the physicians could have concluded that the cerebellum was the damaged part of the brain.
After gaining consciousness, the patient could not remember any of the events. Although
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1)By this users on various types of devices can acces programs,storage,processing,and even
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By this the the person using this have cost savings,high availability ,and easy scalability.
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In this products deliver a full computer infrasturcture via the internet.
ii)Paas:Platform as a service
Products offer a full or partial application development environment that users
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they provide complete ,trunkey application,including complex programs such as
CRM or enterprise-resource management via the internet.
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Vi is universally available on Unix systems. It has been around so long in a stable form that it is
essentially bug free. Many clones have been written for other kinds of computers.
Vi has many powerful commands that utilize just the alphanumeric keys -- it does not require
special function keys.
Vi is a small program that does not require a lot of system memory or CPU time. It works very
fast, even on large files.
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Gedit:
It is simple, has a GUI and gets many things done in an easy way. Can do syntax highlighting.
Has plugins. But there is a limit to its customisability.
It does not work smoothly with very large file
Solution
Vi:
Vi is universally available on Unix systems. It has been around so long in a stable form that it is
essentially bug free. Many clones have been written for other kinds of computers.
Vi has many powerful commands that utilize just the alphanumeric keys -- it does not require
special function keys.
Vi is a small program that does not require a lot of system memory or CPU time. It works very
fast, even on large files.
While vi is not programmable, it has a simple way to let other Unix programs, such as the sort
utility, work on selected portions of your file. This adds the functionality of all those programs to
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Gedit:
It is simple, has a GUI and gets many things done in an easy way. Can do syntax highlighting.
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It does not work smoothly with very large file.
Waterfall methodThe model consists of various phases based on the.pdf
Waterfall method:
The model consists of various phases based on the nature and control flow of development
activities. these phases are executed in a sequential order specified by a process model. Initially
in a project development feasibility analysis must be conducted, which on itss successful
completion leads to requirement analysis and project planning phases. after the completion of
requirement analysis the design step is intiated followed by coding phase. further the completion
of coding leads to the initiation of testing and integration activities, finnaly the system is installed
and maintained after a thorough testing is done.
The requirement analysis in the development mode is considered as analysis and planning here
planning generally refers to a good plan wherein all the detailed descriptions about the
requirements are clearly illustrated. susbequently there is no need of requirements if a proper
plan is inclded before starting the later phase of development such as desigh, coding, testing etc.
Limitations:
Requirement can be known by learning the previously executed projects. but development of
new projects is diffivery difficult since the user doesn\'t have knowledge about requirements.
hence new projects are seemed to be unreal development.
Waterfall model demands speificattions of all requirements to be defined in the first phase of
development iteself which is however very difficults to be specified in the initial stage.
From the above one can understand what method should be used.
Solution
Waterfall method:
The model consists of various phases based on the nature and control flow of development
activities. these phases are executed in a sequential order specified by a process model. Initially
in a project development feasibility analysis must be conducted, which on itss successful
completion leads to requirement analysis and project planning phases. after the completion of
requirement analysis the design step is intiated followed by coding phase. further the completion
of coding leads to the initiation of testing and integration activities, finnaly the system is installed
and maintained after a thorough testing is done.
The requirement analysis in the development mode is considered as analysis and planning here
planning generally refers to a good plan wherein all the detailed descriptions about the
requirements are clearly illustrated. susbequently there is no need of requirements if a proper
plan is inclded before starting the later phase of development such as desigh, coding, testing etc.
Limitations:
Requirement can be known by learning the previously executed projects. but development of
new projects is diffivery difficult since the user doesn\'t have knowledge about requirements.
hence new projects are seemed to be unreal development.
Waterfall model demands speificattions of all requirements to be defined in the first phase of
development iteself which is however very difficults to be specified in the initial stage.
Fro.
Hi, I am unable to understand the terminology in .pdf
The sender of the message did not understand the terminology used in an expression and asked for the message to be reposted using clearer language so they could understand.
The main function of cerebellum is to control the motor movements. H.pdf
The main function of cerebellum is to control the motor movements. However, It does not
initiate the movement, but helps in coordination. The other functions are: maintenance of posture
and balance, voluntary movements coordination. It receives the signals from sensory nerves of
spinal cord and brain and help in tuning the motor activity.
The physicians may have observed the imbalance of movements. Eventhough the patient may
move or hold any substances, the movement would not be uniform or clearly, the movement
would not be in a coordinaated fashion. observing the changes in the motor actions of the patient,
the physicians could have concluded that the cerebellum was the damaged part of the brain.
After gaining consciousness, the patient could not remember any of the events. Although
memory is not associated with the functions of cerebellum, there are several cerebellar pathways,
the inhibition of which may lead to memory loss. There are pathways that link cerebrum and
cerebellum of the brain. The pathway starts from cerebral cortex to cerebellar cortex. The
feedback signals again travel from cerebellar cortex to cerebral cortex. the damage in these
pathways may result in loss of spatial memory and working memory (as seen in Cerebellar
cognitive affective Syndrome).
Another evidence that cerebellum is involved in memory loss is \"transient global amnesia\",
where the patient may have difficulty in forming new memories or recalling old memories. In
this case, the patient recalls only the last few minutes of consciousness and deeply printed
information in brain (for example, his name etc)
The patient may recall older memories in a few weeks or months. It varies. The motor and spatial
functions may be restored if the neurons are undamaged and stimulated. That depends on several
factors like patients\' age.
Solution
The main function of cerebellum is to control the motor movements. However, It does not
initiate the movement, but helps in coordination. The other functions are: maintenance of posture
and balance, voluntary movements coordination. It receives the signals from sensory nerves of
spinal cord and brain and help in tuning the motor activity.
The physicians may have observed the imbalance of movements. Eventhough the patient may
move or hold any substances, the movement would not be uniform or clearly, the movement
would not be in a coordinaated fashion. observing the changes in the motor actions of the patient,
the physicians could have concluded that the cerebellum was the damaged part of the brain.
After gaining consciousness, the patient could not remember any of the events. Although
memory is not associated with the functions of cerebellum, there are several cerebellar pathways,
the inhibition of which may lead to memory loss. There are pathways that link cerebrum and
cerebellum of the brain. The pathway starts from cerebral cortex to cerebellar cortex. The
feedback signals again travel from cerebellar cortex to cerebral cortex. the .
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solution of question no.6inputPresent stateNext stateoutput.pdf
solution of question no.6
input
Present state
Next state
output
0
S0
S0
0
1
S0
S1
0
0
S1
S2
0
1
S1
S1
0
0
S2
S3
0
1
S2
S1
0
0
S3
S0
0
1
S3
S4
0
0
S4
S2
1
1
S4
S1
1
library ieee;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity moore is
port (clk : in std_logic;
reset : in std_logic;
input : in std_logic;
output : out std_logic
);
end moore;
architecture behavioral of moore is
type state_type is (s0,s1,s2,s3,s4); --type of state machine.
signal current_s,next_s: state_type; --current and next state declaration.
begin
process (clk,reset)
begin
if (reset=\'1\') then
current_s <= s0; --default state on reset.
elsif (rising_edge(clk)) then
current_s <= next_s; --state change.
end if;
end process;
--state machine process.
process (current_s,input)
begin
case current_s is
when s0 => --when current state is \"s0\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s0;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s1 =>; --when current state is \"s1\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s2;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s2 => --when current state is \"s2\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s3;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s3 => --when current state is \"s3\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s0;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s4;
end if;
when s4 => --when current state is \"s4\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s2;
else
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
end case;
end process;
end behavioral;
solution of question no.7
input
Present state
Next state
output
0
S0
S1
0
1
S0
S0
0
0
S1
S1
0
1
S1
S2
0
0
S2
S3
0
1
S2
S0
0
0
S3
S1
0
1
S3
S2
1
library ieee;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity mealy is
port (clk : in std_logic;
reset : in std_logic;
input : in std_logic;
output : out std_logic
);
end mealy;
architecture behavioral of moore is
type state_type is (s0,s1,s2,s3); --type of state machine.
signal current_s,next_s: state_type; --current and next state declaration.
begin
process (clk,reset)
begin
if (reset=\'1\') then
current_s <= s0; --default state on reset.
elsif (rising_edge(clk)) then
current_s <= next_s; --state change.
end if;
end process;
--state machine process.
process (current_s,input)
begin
case current_s is
when s0 => --when current state is \"s0\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s0;
end if;
when s1 =>; --when current state is \"s1\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s2;
end if;
when s2 => --when current state is \"s2\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s3;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s3 => --when current state is \"s3\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
else
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s2;
end if;
end case;
end process;
end behavioral;
input
Present state
Next state
output
0
S0
S0
0
1
S0
S1
0
0
S1
S2
0
1
S1
S1
0
0
S2
S3
0
1
S2
S1
0
0
S3
S0
0
1
S3
S4
0
0
S4
S2
1
1
S4
S1
1
Solution
solution of que.
Sexual reproduction has played the most crucial role in evolution of.pdf
Sexual reproduction has played the most crucial role in evolution of plants. The primitive plants
were cryptogames in nature which did not produce flowers, fruits or seeds.These primitive plants
were completely devoid of sexual reproduction and dependent upon reproduction by generation
and dispersal of spores. These were later evolved into phanerogames which produced seeds but
these were still devoid of sexual reproduction. With advent of evolution, the plants developed
more advanced features such as flowers which promoted formation of fruits and seeds. This
simultaneously gave rise to angiosperms and gymnosperms. These evolutionary forms of plants
were capable of performing sexual reproduction primarily by cross-pollination. These plants
slowly increased variation and speciatin in the ecosystem which lead to establishement of many
new species. Infact, with these evolutionary successions, the plants have evolved into their
present form where sexual reproduction plays a most crucial role by establishing multiple types
of species in the history of plant evolution.
Thus, sexual reproduction has evolved many different times and in many differenty types in the
evolutionary history of plants with generating more than 20 plants alone. This states that the
statement is true.
Solution
Sexual reproduction has played the most crucial role in evolution of plants. The primitive plants
were cryptogames in nature which did not produce flowers, fruits or seeds.These primitive plants
were completely devoid of sexual reproduction and dependent upon reproduction by generation
and dispersal of spores. These were later evolved into phanerogames which produced seeds but
these were still devoid of sexual reproduction. With advent of evolution, the plants developed
more advanced features such as flowers which promoted formation of fruits and seeds. This
simultaneously gave rise to angiosperms and gymnosperms. These evolutionary forms of plants
were capable of performing sexual reproduction primarily by cross-pollination. These plants
slowly increased variation and speciatin in the ecosystem which lead to establishement of many
new species. Infact, with these evolutionary successions, the plants have evolved into their
present form where sexual reproduction plays a most crucial role by establishing multiple types
of species in the history of plant evolution.
Thus, sexual reproduction has evolved many different times and in many differenty types in the
evolutionary history of plants with generating more than 20 plants alone. This states that the
statement is true..
package com.java2novice.ds.linkedlist;import java.util.NoSuchEleme.pdf
The document defines a DoublyLinkedListImpl class that implements a doubly linked list. It contains Node and DoublyLinkedListImpl classes to manage the list elements and functionality. Methods like addFirst, addLast, removeFirst, removeLast are used to manipulate the list, while size(), isEmpty() provide information about the list. Main method demonstrates adding and removing elements from both ends of the list while iterating forward and backward.
And is option DIf variable interest rate decrease , asset value wi.pdf
And is option D
If variable interest rate decrease , asset value will decrease
If euro appreciate i.e. USD deprecates liability increases
Solution
And is option D
If variable interest rate decrease , asset value will decrease
If euro appreciate i.e. USD deprecates liability increases.
import java.util.Scanner;public class Factorial { method usi.pdf
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial
{
// method using recursion to find factorial of number
public static int factorial(int input)
{
// factorial of 0 is 1
if (input == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// else recursively call the function
else
{
return input * factorial(input - 1);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int input;
System.out.println(\"Enter a number: \");
input = scan.nextInt();
// store result in answer
int answer = factorial(input);
System.out.println(\"The factorial of \" + input + \" is \" + answer);
}
}
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial
{
// method using recursion to find factorial of number
public static int factorial(int input)
{
// factorial of 0 is 1
if (input == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// else recursively call the function
else
{
return input * factorial(input - 1);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int input;
System.out.println(\"Enter a number: \");
input = scan.nextInt();
// store result in answer
int answer = factorial(input);
System.out.println(\"The factorial of \" + input + \" is \" + answer);
}
}.
Given below is the code for the question. Since the test files (ment.pdf
Given below is the code for the question. Since the test files (mentioned in question) are missing,
I wrote a small test for the implementation. Output is shown at the end. Please don\'t forget to
rate the answer if it helped. Thank you.
sequence2.cpp
#include \"sequence2.h\"
using namespace CISP430_A2;
sequence::sequence(size_type entry )
{
capacity = entry;
used = 0;
current_index = 0;
data = new value_type[capacity];
}
// COPY CONSTRUCTOR
sequence::sequence(const sequence& entry)
{
data = NULL;
*this = entry;
}
// Library facilities used: cstdlib
// MODIFICATION MEMBER FUNCTIONS
void sequence::start( )
{
current_index = 0;
}
void sequence::advance( )
{
if(is_item())
current_index++;
}
void sequence::insert(const value_type& entry)
{
if(size() == capacity) //check if resizing is needed
{
resize(capacity * 1.1); //increaase by 10%
}
if(is_item() && current_index > 0)
current_index--;
else
current_index = 0;
for(size_type i = size(); i > current_index; i--)
data[i] = data[i-1];
data[current_index] = entry;
used++;
}
void sequence::attach(const value_type& entry)
{
if(size() == capacity) //check if resizing is needed
{
resize(capacity * 1.1); //increaase by 10%
}
if(!is_item())
current_index = used;
else
current_index++;
//make room for new entry by pushing elements after current to right
for(size_type i = size(); i > current_index ; i--)
data[i] = data[i-1];
data[current_index] = entry;
used++;
}
void sequence::remove_current( )
{
if(is_item())
{
for(size_type i = current_index + 1; i < size(); i++)
data[i-1] = data[i];
used--;
}
}
void sequence::resize(size_type new_capacity )
{
if(new_capacity > capacity)
{
value_type *temp = new value_type[new_capacity];
for(int i = 0; i < used; i++)
temp[i] = data[i];
delete []data;
data = temp;
}
}
void sequence::operator =(const sequence &entry)
{
if(data != NULL) delete []data;
capacity = entry.capacity;
used = entry.used;
current_index = entry.current_index;
data = new value_type[capacity];
for(int i = 0; i < used; i++)
data[i] = entry.data[i];
}
// CONSTANT MEMBER FUNCTIONS
sequence::size_type sequence::size( ) const
{
return used ;
}
bool sequence::is_item( ) const
{
return size() != 0 && current_index < used;
}
sequence::value_type sequence::current( ) const
{
return data[current_index];
}
//Destructor
sequence::~sequence()
{
delete []data;
}
output
attach 1 2 3
[1 2 3 ]
advance after print... so should not have current item
is_item() = 0
insert 4 5 6, should appear in front of seq as 6 5 4
print from current
[6 5 4 1 2 3 ]
print from current
[7 5 4 1 2 3 ]
Solution
Given below is the code for the question. Since the test files (mentioned in question) are missing,
I wrote a small test for the implementation. Output is shown at the end. Please don\'t forget to
rate the answer if it helped. Thank you.
sequence2.cpp
#include \"sequence2.h\"
using namespace CISP430_A2;
sequence::sequence(size_type entry )
{
capacity = entry;
used = 0;
current_index = 0;
data = new value_type[capacity];
}
// COPY CONSTR.
Cisco Systems, Inc Acquisition Integration for manufacturing at.pdf
\"Cisco Systems, Inc: Acquisition Integration for manufacturing\" at glance.
Cisco Systems Inc, a multi-billion dollar networking device manufacturing and software
company. Cisco Systems started by a married couple, namely Sandy Lerner and Leonard Bosack
working at Stanford University in their home garage.
Apart from above mentioned founders, David Keller has been an influential force in driving the
success of the company in initial stages of the company. He has been in the roles of Vice
President of Manufacturing, New Product Introduction and Technology at Cisco Systems Inc.
The very important aspect of the success in the company’s strategy in handling competition from
the emerging network manufacturing companies was to maintain the quality as well the
scalability in their product dimensions.
In the process of capturing the market of networking the computers worldwide, Cisco has been
vital in acquisitioning various small hardware to large hardware manufacturing companies, also
to a good extent with network software companies and integrating all these numerous companies.
Cisco Systems has acquisitioned nearly 40 plus companies throughout its journey of expanding
and capturing the emerging computer networking market by providing them with world class and
first of its devices like hubs, multiport switches and routers and other small networking devices.
Its strategy was not only to acquire the company but, also to integrate very well with the policies
and structure of Cisco’s capability. During the integration process, Cisco does make sure that it
retains the best employees of the acquisitioned companies and also give them the same kind of
best benefits which is prevailing in Cisco.
Also, whenever Cisco acquires a new manufacturing company, its biggest task is to introduce
and market their product and it does by their strategy called “New Product Introduction” by
which, they market their product for attaining and capturing highest possible market share and in
revenue creation as fast as possible before any new entity can think of doing it.
When Cisco thinks of acquiring the company, there is a very strong process involving in
analyzing the company which is going to get acquired by sending Cisco’s top management from
crucial departments like Manufacturing, Finance, Planning, Technology division, Resource
planning and Administration. This is to ensure and check the return of investment, future cost of
bearing the company to be acquired, Feasibility check and scalability too.
Cisco has mandatory Manufacturing Integrations steps which is carefully evaluated before
acquiring and integrating the company to its portfolio:
All these are the reason why, a company like Cisco has proven track record of becoming the
world leader in Network Product and Technology Manufacturing Company.
Thank you.
Solution
\"Cisco Systems, Inc: Acquisition Integration for manufacturing\" at glance.
Cisco Systems Inc, a multi-billion dollar networking device manufacturing and .
As we understand, when soil particles binds to each other more stron.pdf
As we understand, when soil particles binds to each other more strongly and forms groups called
as soil aggregates and their stability is defines in terms of resisting disintegration of soil particles
when disruptive forces associated with tillage and water or wind erosion are applied externally.
Changes in aggregate stability indicate about recovery or degradation of soils. Further Aggregate
stability is an indicator of organic matter content, biological activity, and nutrient cycling in soil.
Microbial decomposition of fresh organic matter releases products (that are less stable) that bind
small aggregates into large aggregates (> 2-5 mm). These large aggregates are more sensitive to
management effects on organic matter. Greater amounts of stable aggregates suggest better soil
quality. When the proportion of large to small aggregates increases, soil quality generally
increases. Pore space is also essential for air and water entry into soil, and for air, water, nutrient,
and biota movement within soil. Stable aggregates favor high infiltration rates and appropriate
aeration for plant growth. Factors affecting aggregate stability can be grouped as abiotic (clay
minerals, sesquioxides, exchangeable cations), biotic (soil organic matter, activities of plant
roots, soil fauna and microorganisms), and environmental (soil temperature and moisture).
Soil microorganisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa played a vital role in
maintaining stability of soil through the bio physicochemical activities in the soil through
deposition of extracellular polysaccharides and formation of degraded, aromatic humic materials
that form clay–polyvalent metal–organic matter complexes. In short, it is understood that
activities of soil organisms interact in a complex food web with herbivores and predators,
detritivores , on fungi or on bacteria, and others living off but not consuming their hosts
(parasites). Soil fauna and most fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes are heterotrophs, they rely on
organic materials either directly (primary consumers) or through intermediaries (secondary or
tertiary consumers) for C and energy needs. Actinomycetes are a broad group of bacteria that
form thread-like filaments in the soil. Actinomycetes form associations with some non-
leguminous plants and fix N, which is then available to both the host and other plants in the near
vicinity. Bacteria produce a sticky substance in the form of polysaccharides that helps bind soil
particles into small aggregates, conferring structural stability to soils. Decomposers like
saprophytic fungi - convert dead organic material into fungal biomass, CO2, and small
molecules, such as organic acid. Mycorrhizae extend plant reach to water and nutrients, allowing
plants to utilize more of the resources available in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can also
benefit the physical characteristics of the soil because their hyphae form a mesh to help stabilize
soil aggregates thus in .
Amount deposited (base amount) = 2000Rate of interest = 5Amount.pdf
Amount deposited (base amount) = 2000
Rate of interest = 5%
Amount reflecting after four years= base amount (1+rate)^ years
=2000 (1+5/100)^4
= $2431
Solution
Amount deposited (base amount) = 2000
Rate of interest = 5%
Amount reflecting after four years= base amount (1+rate)^ years
=2000 (1+5/100)^4
= $2431.
24. Accomodation - n. Ability of lens to chhange shape diminishes as.pdf
24. Accomodation - n. Ability of lens to chhange shape diminishes as one ages
25. Astigmatism - o.Unequal curvatures of lens or cornea causing blurred vision
26.Audiometer - h. Measures frequency and intensity of audible range of sound
27.Auditory ossicles- l. transmit sound waves from tympanic membrane to inner ear
28.bitter taste- u.Produced by alkaloids detected on posterior tongue
29.Cochlea- b.contains sensory organs for hearing
30.conduction deafness y.intereference with conduction of sound vibrations to fluids of inner ear
31.emmetropia- p.Normal vision: light focuses on retina
32.glaucoma- v.increased intraocular pressure due to insufficient drainage of aqueous humor
33.gustatory cells- e.dendrites project through the pores in the taste bud
34. hypermyopia- d. Ability to focus for close vision under 20 feet
35.Iris- r. regulates the amount of light entering through the pupil of the eye
36.Myopia- a. near sightedness; inability to focus on objects farther away
37.near point- w. Closest point at which clear focus is possible
38.Nerve deafness- s.Neural structures relating to hearing have been damaged
39.Olfactory fatigue- g. Rapid adaptation of olfactory receptors to odors
40.Olfactory neurons- j.Receptors located in the superior nasal concha
41.Optic disk- t.Area of retina tha lacks photoreceptors; blind spot
42.presbyopia- m.Farsightedness; inability to focus on close objects
43.Rinne test- c.Differentiates between nerve and conduction deafness
44.salty taste- x.produced by cations of ionized salts
45.sour taste- i.produced by acids and detected on lateral edges of tongue
46.sweet taste- q.detected on tip of tongue
47.tympanic membrane- k.vibrates when soundwaves hit it; eardrum
48.weber test- f.base of tuning fork placed on forehead during hearing test
Solution
24. Accomodation - n. Ability of lens to chhange shape diminishes as one ages
25. Astigmatism - o.Unequal curvatures of lens or cornea causing blurred vision
26.Audiometer - h. Measures frequency and intensity of audible range of sound
27.Auditory ossicles- l. transmit sound waves from tympanic membrane to inner ear
28.bitter taste- u.Produced by alkaloids detected on posterior tongue
29.Cochlea- b.contains sensory organs for hearing
30.conduction deafness y.intereference with conduction of sound vibrations to fluids of inner ear
31.emmetropia- p.Normal vision: light focuses on retina
32.glaucoma- v.increased intraocular pressure due to insufficient drainage of aqueous humor
33.gustatory cells- e.dendrites project through the pores in the taste bud
34. hypermyopia- d. Ability to focus for close vision under 20 feet
35.Iris- r. regulates the amount of light entering through the pupil of the eye
36.Myopia- a. near sightedness; inability to focus on objects farther away
37.near point- w. Closest point at which clear focus is possible
38.Nerve deafness- s.Neural structures relating to hearing have been damaged
39.Olfactory fatigue- g. Rapid adaptation of olfactory receptors to odo.
1.They trade away higher fecundity for future reproduction.2.Resou.pdf
1.They trade away higher fecundity for future reproduction.
2.Resources devoted to one function or trait cannot be devoted to another.
For all organisms,natural selection favors allocation strategies that optimize resource use over
the life course. Because energy and resources are inherently limited,all organisms face important
trade-offs in how they divide and use their resources at any given point in the life course.The
laws of thermodynamics dictate that energy allocated for one task cannot simultaneously be
allocated for another task.
Solution
1.They trade away higher fecundity for future reproduction.
2.Resources devoted to one function or trait cannot be devoted to another.
For all organisms,natural selection favors allocation strategies that optimize resource use over
the life course. Because energy and resources are inherently limited,all organisms face important
trade-offs in how they divide and use their resources at any given point in the life course.The
laws of thermodynamics dictate that energy allocated for one task cannot simultaneously be
allocated for another task..
A character device typically transfers data to and from a user appli.pdf
A character device typically transfers data to and from a user application — they behave like
pipes or serial ports, instantly reading or writing the byte data in a character-by-character stream.
They provide the framework for many typical drivers, such as those that are required for
interfacing to serial communications, video capture, and audio devices. The main alternative to a
character device is a block device. Block devices behave in a similar fashion to regular files,
allowing a buffered array of cached data to be viewed or manipulated with operations such as
reads, writes, and seeks. Both device types can be accessed through device files that are attached
to the file system tree. For example, the program code that is presented in this article builds to
become a device /dev/ebbchar, which appears on your Linux system as follows:
molloyd@beaglebone:~/exploringBB/extras/kernel/ebbchar$ lsmod
Module Size Used by
ebbchar 2754 0
molloyd@beaglebone:~/exploringBB/extras/kernel/ebbchar$ ls -l /dev/ebb*
crw-rw-rwT 1 root root 240, 0 Apr 11 15:34 /dev/ebbchar
A straightforward character driver that can be used to pass information between a Linux user-
space program and a loadable kernel module (LKM), which is running in Linux kernel space. In
this example, a C user-space application sends a string to the LKM. The LKM then responds
with the message that was sent along with the number of letters that the sent message contains.
Later in the article I describe why we need to solve synchronization problems that arise with this
approach, and I provide a version of the program that uses mutex locks to provide a solution.
Before describing the source code for the driver in this article, there are a few concepts that need
to be discussed, such as device driver major and minor numbers, and the File Operations data
structure.
Major and Minor Numbers
Device drivers have an associated major and minor number. For example, /dev/ram0 and
/dev/null are associated with a driver with major number 1, and /dev/tty0 and /dev/ttyS0 are
associated with a driver with major number 4. The major number is used by the kernel to identify
the correct device driver when the device is accessed. The role of the minor number is device
dependent, and is handled internally within the driver. You can see the major/minor number pair
for each device if you perform a listing in the /dev directory. For example:
molloyd@beaglebone:/dev$ ls -l
crw-rw---T 1 root i2c 89, 0 Jan 1 2000 i2c-0
brw-rw---T 1 root disk 1, 0 Mar 1 20:46 ram0
brw-rw---T 1 root floppy 179, 0 Mar 1 20:46 mmcblk0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Mar 1 20:46 null
crw------- 1 root root 4, 0 Mar 1 20:46 tty0
crw-rw---T 1 root dialout 4, 64 Mar 1 20:46 ttyS0
…
Character devices are identified by a ‘c‘ in the first column of a listing, and block devices are
identified by a ‘b‘. The access permissions, owner, and group of the device is provided for each
device. Regular user accounts on the BeagleBone are members of some of these .
FALSSolutionFALS.pdf
This very short document does not contain enough contextual information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary. It includes the acronym "FALS" repeated three times but no other details.
1. ingestion-placement of food into mouth.2.propulsion-peristalsis.pdf
1. ingestion-placement of food into mouth.
2.propulsion-peristalsis moves food from one organ to the next
3.absorption-Transport of digested end products from the lumen GI tract into the bloodstream or
lymph
4.mechanical breakdown
5.defecation
6.chemical digestion-The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into
their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions.
Solution
1. ingestion-placement of food into mouth.
2.propulsion-peristalsis moves food from one organ to the next
3.absorption-Transport of digested end products from the lumen GI tract into the bloodstream or
lymph
4.mechanical breakdown
5.defecation
6.chemical digestion-The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into
their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions..
1)Coupling- It is applicable on different elements of a service.pdf
1)Coupling:-
It is applicable on different elements of a service and an SOA in general and
refers to the level of dependency between two or more elements.Type of coupling can be
identified as the interdependency of multiple sevices and service composition.
ex:One service calls an operation provided by another service ,the service is
dependent on the functionality offered by the other service\'s operation and
the services are coupled.
Services that are loosely coupled have a high reusability potential and are easy to
maintain.By optimizing the allocation of operations to services we can minimize
coupling between services.
2)Task service:-
It is direclty related to business task of process.It is modeled for specific processess
to meet immediate requirements of the organization and therefore contains specific business
logic.As a result task services are not generally considered agnostic and therefore
have less reuse potential than other service models.
To increase the amount of agnostic logic within service based on entity and utility
service model is improved.
As they tend to represent the end-to-end logic of a business process,these are positioned
as service composition controllers,Responsible for composing other services (entity and
utility)
to automate their business process.
Encapsulated in task service,one may provide entrally accessible functionality that is used
consistently throughout the organization.
for complex caluculations that have been encapsulated in libraries and business frameworkds
traditionally.
3)Entity services:-
These represent a business centric service with a service boundary encompasssing one
or more business related entities.
They often create business objects and ensure abidancy by business rules and date
completeness
Example of business entities include order,client ,timesheet,and invoice.
As their functional boundary is based on business entities,entity services are naturally
agnostic to business processes.This allows them to be repeatedly reutilized in support of
multiple tasks and business process,positioning them as highly reusable services.
it would not be uncommon to label an entity service associated with the invoice business
entity as the invoice service.
4)Utility services:-
These are tyically business-logic agnostic and serve to provide reusable,cross-cutting
functionalities related to processing data within legacy application environments.These
are not related to or derived from existing business models.
As a result these are commonly agnostic and reusable.Unlike task and entity services the
involvement of business analysts or business subject matter experts is generally not required
when modeling utility service candidates.
utility services include notification,event logging,exception handling,and currrency conversion
1)Coupling:-
It is applicable on different elements of a service and an SOA in general and
refers to the level of dependency between two or more elements.Type of coupling can be
identified .
#include iostream Provides cout. #include cstdlib .pdf
#include // Provides cout.
#include // Provides size_t.
#include \"sequence3.h\" // Provides the sequence class with double items.
using namespace std;
using namespace main_savitch_5;
// Descriptions and points for each of the tests:
const size_t MANY_TESTS = 6;
const int POINTS[MANY_TESTS+1] = {
18, // Total points for all tests.
4, // Test 1 points
4, // Test 2 points
4, // Test 3 points
2, // Test 4 points
2, // Test 5 points
2 // Test 6 points
};
const char DESCRIPTION[MANY_TESTS+1][256] = {
\"tests for sequence Class with a linked sequence\",
\"Testing insert, attach, and the constant member functions\",
\"Testing situations where the cursor goes off the sequence\",
\"Testing remove_current\",
\"Testing the copy constructor\",
\"Testing the assignment operator\",
\"Testing insert/attach for somewhat larger sequences\"
};
bool test_basic(const sequence& test, size_t s, bool has_cursor)
{
bool answer;
cout << \"Testing that size() returns \" << s << \" ... \";
cout.flush( );
answer = (test.size( ) == s);
cout << (answer ? \"Passed.\" : \"Failed.\") << endl;
if (answer)
{
cout << \"Testing that is_item() returns \";
cout << (has_cursor ? \"true\" : \"false\") << \" ... \";
cout.flush( );
answer = (test.is_item( ) == has_cursor);
cout << (answer ? \"Passed.\" : \"Failed.\") << endl;
}
return answer;
}
bool test_items(sequence& test, size_t s, size_t i, double items[])
{
bool answer = true;
cout << \"The cursor should be at item [\" << i << \"]\" << \" of the sequence\ \";
cout << \"(counting the first item as [0]). I will advance the cursor\ \";
cout << \"to the end of the sequence, checking that each item is correct...\";
cout.flush( );
while ((i < s) && test.is_item( ) && (test.current( ) == items[i]))
{
i++;
test.advance( );
}
if ((i != s) && !test.is_item( ))
{ // The test.is_item( ) function returns false too soon.
cout << \"\ Cursor fell off the sequence too soon.\" << endl;
answer = false;
}
else if (i != s)
{ // The test.current( ) function returned a wrong value.
cout << \"\ The item [\" << i << \"] should be \" << items[i] << \",\ \";
cout << \" but it was \" << test.current( ) << \" instead.\ \";
answer = false;
}
else if (test.is_item( ))
{ // The test.is_item( ) function returns true after moving off the sequence.
cout << \"\ The cursor was moved off the sequence,\";
cout << \" but is_item still returns true.\" << endl;
answer = false;
}
cout << (answer ? \"Passed.\" : \"Failed.\") << endl;
return answer;
}
bool correct(sequence& test, size_t size, size_t cursor_spot, double items[])
{
bool has_cursor = (cursor_spot < size);
// Check the sequence\'s size and whether it has a cursor.
if (!test_basic(test, size, has_cursor))
{
cout << \"Basic test of size() or is_item() failed.\" << endl << endl;
return false;
}
// If there is a cursor, check the items from cursor to end of the sequence.
if (has_cursor && !test_items(test, size, cursor_spot, items))
{
cout << \"Test of the sequence\'s items failed.\" << endl << endl;
return false;.
ultravoilet exites electrons of matter more than .pdf
ultravoilet exites electrons of matter more than visible and infrared infrared causes
temperature rise visible makes matter visible
Solution
ultravoilet exites electrons of matter more than visible and infrared infrared causes
temperature rise visible makes matter visible.
The difference in the HNMR is the number of signa.pdf
The difference in the HNMR is the number of signals. The first one will have 5
signals due to horizontal symmetry . The other will have 7 signals because its unsymmetrical.
Make sense? pretty ez stuff.
Solution
The difference in the HNMR is the number of signals. The first one will have 5
signals due to horizontal symmetry . The other will have 7 signals because its unsymmetrical.
Make sense? pretty ez stuff..
The balanced Equations are as follows 2SO2(g) +.pdf
The balanced Equations are as follows : 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ---> 2SO3 (g) SO3 (g) +
H2O (l) ----> H2SO4 (aq)
Solution
The balanced Equations are as follows : 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ---> 2SO3 (g) SO3 (g) +
H2O (l) ----> H2SO4 (aq).
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
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Starting with Main.java, where I tested everythingimport College..pdf
The document defines classes for a college registration system including College, Course, Student, and Teacher classes. It tests registering students to courses, ensuring preferences and availability are checked, and outputs the enrolled students for each course and courses for each student. Main creates sample data and calls registration and output methods.
solution of question no.6inputPresent stateNext stateoutput.pdf
solution of question no.6
input
Present state
Next state
output
0
S0
S0
0
1
S0
S1
0
0
S1
S2
0
1
S1
S1
0
0
S2
S3
0
1
S2
S1
0
0
S3
S0
0
1
S3
S4
0
0
S4
S2
1
1
S4
S1
1
library ieee;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity moore is
port (clk : in std_logic;
reset : in std_logic;
input : in std_logic;
output : out std_logic
);
end moore;
architecture behavioral of moore is
type state_type is (s0,s1,s2,s3,s4); --type of state machine.
signal current_s,next_s: state_type; --current and next state declaration.
begin
process (clk,reset)
begin
if (reset=\'1\') then
current_s <= s0; --default state on reset.
elsif (rising_edge(clk)) then
current_s <= next_s; --state change.
end if;
end process;
--state machine process.
process (current_s,input)
begin
case current_s is
when s0 => --when current state is \"s0\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s0;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s1 =>; --when current state is \"s1\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s2;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s2 => --when current state is \"s2\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s3;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s3 => --when current state is \"s3\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s0;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s4;
end if;
when s4 => --when current state is \"s4\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s2;
else
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
end case;
end process;
end behavioral;
solution of question no.7
input
Present state
Next state
output
0
S0
S1
0
1
S0
S0
0
0
S1
S1
0
1
S1
S2
0
0
S2
S3
0
1
S2
S0
0
0
S3
S1
0
1
S3
S2
1
library ieee;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity mealy is
port (clk : in std_logic;
reset : in std_logic;
input : in std_logic;
output : out std_logic
);
end mealy;
architecture behavioral of moore is
type state_type is (s0,s1,s2,s3); --type of state machine.
signal current_s,next_s: state_type; --current and next state declaration.
begin
process (clk,reset)
begin
if (reset=\'1\') then
current_s <= s0; --default state on reset.
elsif (rising_edge(clk)) then
current_s <= next_s; --state change.
end if;
end process;
--state machine process.
process (current_s,input)
begin
case current_s is
when s0 => --when current state is \"s0\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s0;
end if;
when s1 =>; --when current state is \"s1\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s2;
end if;
when s2 => --when current state is \"s2\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s3;
else
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
end if;
when s3 => --when current state is \"s3\"
if(input =\'0\') then
output <= \'0\';
next_s <= s1;
else
output <= \'1\';
next_s <= s2;
end if;
end case;
end process;
end behavioral;
input
Present state
Next state
output
0
S0
S0
0
1
S0
S1
0
0
S1
S2
0
1
S1
S1
0
0
S2
S3
0
1
S2
S1
0
0
S3
S0
0
1
S3
S4
0
0
S4
S2
1
1
S4
S1
1
Solution
solution of que.
Sexual reproduction has played the most crucial role in evolution of.pdf
Sexual reproduction has played the most crucial role in evolution of plants. The primitive plants
were cryptogames in nature which did not produce flowers, fruits or seeds.These primitive plants
were completely devoid of sexual reproduction and dependent upon reproduction by generation
and dispersal of spores. These were later evolved into phanerogames which produced seeds but
these were still devoid of sexual reproduction. With advent of evolution, the plants developed
more advanced features such as flowers which promoted formation of fruits and seeds. This
simultaneously gave rise to angiosperms and gymnosperms. These evolutionary forms of plants
were capable of performing sexual reproduction primarily by cross-pollination. These plants
slowly increased variation and speciatin in the ecosystem which lead to establishement of many
new species. Infact, with these evolutionary successions, the plants have evolved into their
present form where sexual reproduction plays a most crucial role by establishing multiple types
of species in the history of plant evolution.
Thus, sexual reproduction has evolved many different times and in many differenty types in the
evolutionary history of plants with generating more than 20 plants alone. This states that the
statement is true.
Solution
Sexual reproduction has played the most crucial role in evolution of plants. The primitive plants
were cryptogames in nature which did not produce flowers, fruits or seeds.These primitive plants
were completely devoid of sexual reproduction and dependent upon reproduction by generation
and dispersal of spores. These were later evolved into phanerogames which produced seeds but
these were still devoid of sexual reproduction. With advent of evolution, the plants developed
more advanced features such as flowers which promoted formation of fruits and seeds. This
simultaneously gave rise to angiosperms and gymnosperms. These evolutionary forms of plants
were capable of performing sexual reproduction primarily by cross-pollination. These plants
slowly increased variation and speciatin in the ecosystem which lead to establishement of many
new species. Infact, with these evolutionary successions, the plants have evolved into their
present form where sexual reproduction plays a most crucial role by establishing multiple types
of species in the history of plant evolution.
Thus, sexual reproduction has evolved many different times and in many differenty types in the
evolutionary history of plants with generating more than 20 plants alone. This states that the
statement is true..
package com.java2novice.ds.linkedlist;import java.util.NoSuchEleme.pdf
The document defines a DoublyLinkedListImpl class that implements a doubly linked list. It contains Node and DoublyLinkedListImpl classes to manage the list elements and functionality. Methods like addFirst, addLast, removeFirst, removeLast are used to manipulate the list, while size(), isEmpty() provide information about the list. Main method demonstrates adding and removing elements from both ends of the list while iterating forward and backward.
And is option DIf variable interest rate decrease , asset value wi.pdf
And is option D
If variable interest rate decrease , asset value will decrease
If euro appreciate i.e. USD deprecates liability increases
Solution
And is option D
If variable interest rate decrease , asset value will decrease
If euro appreciate i.e. USD deprecates liability increases.
import java.util.Scanner;public class Factorial { method usi.pdf
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial
{
// method using recursion to find factorial of number
public static int factorial(int input)
{
// factorial of 0 is 1
if (input == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// else recursively call the function
else
{
return input * factorial(input - 1);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int input;
System.out.println(\"Enter a number: \");
input = scan.nextInt();
// store result in answer
int answer = factorial(input);
System.out.println(\"The factorial of \" + input + \" is \" + answer);
}
}
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial
{
// method using recursion to find factorial of number
public static int factorial(int input)
{
// factorial of 0 is 1
if (input == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// else recursively call the function
else
{
return input * factorial(input - 1);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int input;
System.out.println(\"Enter a number: \");
input = scan.nextInt();
// store result in answer
int answer = factorial(input);
System.out.println(\"The factorial of \" + input + \" is \" + answer);
}
}.
Given below is the code for the question. Since the test files (ment.pdf
Given below is the code for the question. Since the test files (mentioned in question) are missing,
I wrote a small test for the implementation. Output is shown at the end. Please don\'t forget to
rate the answer if it helped. Thank you.
sequence2.cpp
#include \"sequence2.h\"
using namespace CISP430_A2;
sequence::sequence(size_type entry )
{
capacity = entry;
used = 0;
current_index = 0;
data = new value_type[capacity];
}
// COPY CONSTRUCTOR
sequence::sequence(const sequence& entry)
{
data = NULL;
*this = entry;
}
// Library facilities used: cstdlib
// MODIFICATION MEMBER FUNCTIONS
void sequence::start( )
{
current_index = 0;
}
void sequence::advance( )
{
if(is_item())
current_index++;
}
void sequence::insert(const value_type& entry)
{
if(size() == capacity) //check if resizing is needed
{
resize(capacity * 1.1); //increaase by 10%
}
if(is_item() && current_index > 0)
current_index--;
else
current_index = 0;
for(size_type i = size(); i > current_index; i--)
data[i] = data[i-1];
data[current_index] = entry;
used++;
}
void sequence::attach(const value_type& entry)
{
if(size() == capacity) //check if resizing is needed
{
resize(capacity * 1.1); //increaase by 10%
}
if(!is_item())
current_index = used;
else
current_index++;
//make room for new entry by pushing elements after current to right
for(size_type i = size(); i > current_index ; i--)
data[i] = data[i-1];
data[current_index] = entry;
used++;
}
void sequence::remove_current( )
{
if(is_item())
{
for(size_type i = current_index + 1; i < size(); i++)
data[i-1] = data[i];
used--;
}
}
void sequence::resize(size_type new_capacity )
{
if(new_capacity > capacity)
{
value_type *temp = new value_type[new_capacity];
for(int i = 0; i < used; i++)
temp[i] = data[i];
delete []data;
data = temp;
}
}
void sequence::operator =(const sequence &entry)
{
if(data != NULL) delete []data;
capacity = entry.capacity;
used = entry.used;
current_index = entry.current_index;
data = new value_type[capacity];
for(int i = 0; i < used; i++)
data[i] = entry.data[i];
}
// CONSTANT MEMBER FUNCTIONS
sequence::size_type sequence::size( ) const
{
return used ;
}
bool sequence::is_item( ) const
{
return size() != 0 && current_index < used;
}
sequence::value_type sequence::current( ) const
{
return data[current_index];
}
//Destructor
sequence::~sequence()
{
delete []data;
}
output
attach 1 2 3
[1 2 3 ]
advance after print... so should not have current item
is_item() = 0
insert 4 5 6, should appear in front of seq as 6 5 4
print from current
[6 5 4 1 2 3 ]
print from current
[7 5 4 1 2 3 ]
Solution
Given below is the code for the question. Since the test files (mentioned in question) are missing,
I wrote a small test for the implementation. Output is shown at the end. Please don\'t forget to
rate the answer if it helped. Thank you.
sequence2.cpp
#include \"sequence2.h\"
using namespace CISP430_A2;
sequence::sequence(size_type entry )
{
capacity = entry;
used = 0;
current_index = 0;
data = new value_type[capacity];
}
// COPY CONSTR.
Cisco Systems, Inc Acquisition Integration for manufacturing at.pdf
\"Cisco Systems, Inc: Acquisition Integration for manufacturing\" at glance.
Cisco Systems Inc, a multi-billion dollar networking device manufacturing and software
company. Cisco Systems started by a married couple, namely Sandy Lerner and Leonard Bosack
working at Stanford University in their home garage.
Apart from above mentioned founders, David Keller has been an influential force in driving the
success of the company in initial stages of the company. He has been in the roles of Vice
President of Manufacturing, New Product Introduction and Technology at Cisco Systems Inc.
The very important aspect of the success in the company’s strategy in handling competition from
the emerging network manufacturing companies was to maintain the quality as well the
scalability in their product dimensions.
In the process of capturing the market of networking the computers worldwide, Cisco has been
vital in acquisitioning various small hardware to large hardware manufacturing companies, also
to a good extent with network software companies and integrating all these numerous companies.
Cisco Systems has acquisitioned nearly 40 plus companies throughout its journey of expanding
and capturing the emerging computer networking market by providing them with world class and
first of its devices like hubs, multiport switches and routers and other small networking devices.
Its strategy was not only to acquire the company but, also to integrate very well with the policies
and structure of Cisco’s capability. During the integration process, Cisco does make sure that it
retains the best employees of the acquisitioned companies and also give them the same kind of
best benefits which is prevailing in Cisco.
Also, whenever Cisco acquires a new manufacturing company, its biggest task is to introduce
and market their product and it does by their strategy called “New Product Introduction” by
which, they market their product for attaining and capturing highest possible market share and in
revenue creation as fast as possible before any new entity can think of doing it.
When Cisco thinks of acquiring the company, there is a very strong process involving in
analyzing the company which is going to get acquired by sending Cisco’s top management from
crucial departments like Manufacturing, Finance, Planning, Technology division, Resource
planning and Administration. This is to ensure and check the return of investment, future cost of
bearing the company to be acquired, Feasibility check and scalability too.
Cisco has mandatory Manufacturing Integrations steps which is carefully evaluated before
acquiring and integrating the company to its portfolio:
All these are the reason why, a company like Cisco has proven track record of becoming the
world leader in Network Product and Technology Manufacturing Company.
Thank you.
Solution
\"Cisco Systems, Inc: Acquisition Integration for manufacturing\" at glance.
Cisco Systems Inc, a multi-billion dollar networking device manufacturing and .
As we understand, when soil particles binds to each other more stron.pdf
As we understand, when soil particles binds to each other more strongly and forms groups called
as soil aggregates and their stability is defines in terms of resisting disintegration of soil particles
when disruptive forces associated with tillage and water or wind erosion are applied externally.
Changes in aggregate stability indicate about recovery or degradation of soils. Further Aggregate
stability is an indicator of organic matter content, biological activity, and nutrient cycling in soil.
Microbial decomposition of fresh organic matter releases products (that are less stable) that bind
small aggregates into large aggregates (> 2-5 mm). These large aggregates are more sensitive to
management effects on organic matter. Greater amounts of stable aggregates suggest better soil
quality. When the proportion of large to small aggregates increases, soil quality generally
increases. Pore space is also essential for air and water entry into soil, and for air, water, nutrient,
and biota movement within soil. Stable aggregates favor high infiltration rates and appropriate
aeration for plant growth. Factors affecting aggregate stability can be grouped as abiotic (clay
minerals, sesquioxides, exchangeable cations), biotic (soil organic matter, activities of plant
roots, soil fauna and microorganisms), and environmental (soil temperature and moisture).
Soil microorganisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa played a vital role in
maintaining stability of soil through the bio physicochemical activities in the soil through
deposition of extracellular polysaccharides and formation of degraded, aromatic humic materials
that form clay–polyvalent metal–organic matter complexes. In short, it is understood that
activities of soil organisms interact in a complex food web with herbivores and predators,
detritivores , on fungi or on bacteria, and others living off but not consuming their hosts
(parasites). Soil fauna and most fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes are heterotrophs, they rely on
organic materials either directly (primary consumers) or through intermediaries (secondary or
tertiary consumers) for C and energy needs. Actinomycetes are a broad group of bacteria that
form thread-like filaments in the soil. Actinomycetes form associations with some non-
leguminous plants and fix N, which is then available to both the host and other plants in the near
vicinity. Bacteria produce a sticky substance in the form of polysaccharides that helps bind soil
particles into small aggregates, conferring structural stability to soils. Decomposers like
saprophytic fungi - convert dead organic material into fungal biomass, CO2, and small
molecules, such as organic acid. Mycorrhizae extend plant reach to water and nutrients, allowing
plants to utilize more of the resources available in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can also
benefit the physical characteristics of the soil because their hyphae form a mesh to help stabilize
soil aggregates thus in .
Amount deposited (base amount) = 2000Rate of interest = 5Amount.pdf
Amount deposited (base amount) = 2000
Rate of interest = 5%
Amount reflecting after four years= base amount (1+rate)^ years
=2000 (1+5/100)^4
= $2431
Solution
Amount deposited (base amount) = 2000
Rate of interest = 5%
Amount reflecting after four years= base amount (1+rate)^ years
=2000 (1+5/100)^4
= $2431.
24. Accomodation - n. Ability of lens to chhange shape diminishes as.pdf
24. Accomodation - n. Ability of lens to chhange shape diminishes as one ages
25. Astigmatism - o.Unequal curvatures of lens or cornea causing blurred vision
26.Audiometer - h. Measures frequency and intensity of audible range of sound
27.Auditory ossicles- l. transmit sound waves from tympanic membrane to inner ear
28.bitter taste- u.Produced by alkaloids detected on posterior tongue
29.Cochlea- b.contains sensory organs for hearing
30.conduction deafness y.intereference with conduction of sound vibrations to fluids of inner ear
31.emmetropia- p.Normal vision: light focuses on retina
32.glaucoma- v.increased intraocular pressure due to insufficient drainage of aqueous humor
33.gustatory cells- e.dendrites project through the pores in the taste bud
34. hypermyopia- d. Ability to focus for close vision under 20 feet
35.Iris- r. regulates the amount of light entering through the pupil of the eye
36.Myopia- a. near sightedness; inability to focus on objects farther away
37.near point- w. Closest point at which clear focus is possible
38.Nerve deafness- s.Neural structures relating to hearing have been damaged
39.Olfactory fatigue- g. Rapid adaptation of olfactory receptors to odors
40.Olfactory neurons- j.Receptors located in the superior nasal concha
41.Optic disk- t.Area of retina tha lacks photoreceptors; blind spot
42.presbyopia- m.Farsightedness; inability to focus on close objects
43.Rinne test- c.Differentiates between nerve and conduction deafness
44.salty taste- x.produced by cations of ionized salts
45.sour taste- i.produced by acids and detected on lateral edges of tongue
46.sweet taste- q.detected on tip of tongue
47.tympanic membrane- k.vibrates when soundwaves hit it; eardrum
48.weber test- f.base of tuning fork placed on forehead during hearing test
Solution
24. Accomodation - n. Ability of lens to chhange shape diminishes as one ages
25. Astigmatism - o.Unequal curvatures of lens or cornea causing blurred vision
26.Audiometer - h. Measures frequency and intensity of audible range of sound
27.Auditory ossicles- l. transmit sound waves from tympanic membrane to inner ear
28.bitter taste- u.Produced by alkaloids detected on posterior tongue
29.Cochlea- b.contains sensory organs for hearing
30.conduction deafness y.intereference with conduction of sound vibrations to fluids of inner ear
31.emmetropia- p.Normal vision: light focuses on retina
32.glaucoma- v.increased intraocular pressure due to insufficient drainage of aqueous humor
33.gustatory cells- e.dendrites project through the pores in the taste bud
34. hypermyopia- d. Ability to focus for close vision under 20 feet
35.Iris- r. regulates the amount of light entering through the pupil of the eye
36.Myopia- a. near sightedness; inability to focus on objects farther away
37.near point- w. Closest point at which clear focus is possible
38.Nerve deafness- s.Neural structures relating to hearing have been damaged
39.Olfactory fatigue- g. Rapid adaptation of olfactory receptors to odo.
1.They trade away higher fecundity for future reproduction.2.Resou.pdf
1.They trade away higher fecundity for future reproduction.
2.Resources devoted to one function or trait cannot be devoted to another.
For all organisms,natural selection favors allocation strategies that optimize resource use over
the life course. Because energy and resources are inherently limited,all organisms face important
trade-offs in how they divide and use their resources at any given point in the life course.The
laws of thermodynamics dictate that energy allocated for one task cannot simultaneously be
allocated for another task.
Solution
1.They trade away higher fecundity for future reproduction.
2.Resources devoted to one function or trait cannot be devoted to another.
For all organisms,natural selection favors allocation strategies that optimize resource use over
the life course. Because energy and resources are inherently limited,all organisms face important
trade-offs in how they divide and use their resources at any given point in the life course.The
laws of thermodynamics dictate that energy allocated for one task cannot simultaneously be
allocated for another task..
A character device typically transfers data to and from a user appli.pdf
A character device typically transfers data to and from a user application — they behave like
pipes or serial ports, instantly reading or writing the byte data in a character-by-character stream.
They provide the framework for many typical drivers, such as those that are required for
interfacing to serial communications, video capture, and audio devices. The main alternative to a
character device is a block device. Block devices behave in a similar fashion to regular files,
allowing a buffered array of cached data to be viewed or manipulated with operations such as
reads, writes, and seeks. Both device types can be accessed through device files that are attached
to the file system tree. For example, the program code that is presented in this article builds to
become a device /dev/ebbchar, which appears on your Linux system as follows:
molloyd@beaglebone:~/exploringBB/extras/kernel/ebbchar$ lsmod
Module Size Used by
ebbchar 2754 0
molloyd@beaglebone:~/exploringBB/extras/kernel/ebbchar$ ls -l /dev/ebb*
crw-rw-rwT 1 root root 240, 0 Apr 11 15:34 /dev/ebbchar
A straightforward character driver that can be used to pass information between a Linux user-
space program and a loadable kernel module (LKM), which is running in Linux kernel space. In
this example, a C user-space application sends a string to the LKM. The LKM then responds
with the message that was sent along with the number of letters that the sent message contains.
Later in the article I describe why we need to solve synchronization problems that arise with this
approach, and I provide a version of the program that uses mutex locks to provide a solution.
Before describing the source code for the driver in this article, there are a few concepts that need
to be discussed, such as device driver major and minor numbers, and the File Operations data
structure.
Major and Minor Numbers
Device drivers have an associated major and minor number. For example, /dev/ram0 and
/dev/null are associated with a driver with major number 1, and /dev/tty0 and /dev/ttyS0 are
associated with a driver with major number 4. The major number is used by the kernel to identify
the correct device driver when the device is accessed. The role of the minor number is device
dependent, and is handled internally within the driver. You can see the major/minor number pair
for each device if you perform a listing in the /dev directory. For example:
molloyd@beaglebone:/dev$ ls -l
crw-rw---T 1 root i2c 89, 0 Jan 1 2000 i2c-0
brw-rw---T 1 root disk 1, 0 Mar 1 20:46 ram0
brw-rw---T 1 root floppy 179, 0 Mar 1 20:46 mmcblk0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Mar 1 20:46 null
crw------- 1 root root 4, 0 Mar 1 20:46 tty0
crw-rw---T 1 root dialout 4, 64 Mar 1 20:46 ttyS0
…
Character devices are identified by a ‘c‘ in the first column of a listing, and block devices are
identified by a ‘b‘. The access permissions, owner, and group of the device is provided for each
device. Regular user accounts on the BeagleBone are members of some of these .
FALSSolutionFALS.pdf
This very short document does not contain enough contextual information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary. It includes the acronym "FALS" repeated three times but no other details.
1. ingestion-placement of food into mouth.2.propulsion-peristalsis.pdf
1. ingestion-placement of food into mouth.
2.propulsion-peristalsis moves food from one organ to the next
3.absorption-Transport of digested end products from the lumen GI tract into the bloodstream or
lymph
4.mechanical breakdown
5.defecation
6.chemical digestion-The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into
their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions.
Solution
1. ingestion-placement of food into mouth.
2.propulsion-peristalsis moves food from one organ to the next
3.absorption-Transport of digested end products from the lumen GI tract into the bloodstream or
lymph
4.mechanical breakdown
5.defecation
6.chemical digestion-The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into
their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions..
1)Coupling- It is applicable on different elements of a service.pdf
1)Coupling:-
It is applicable on different elements of a service and an SOA in general and
refers to the level of dependency between two or more elements.Type of coupling can be
identified as the interdependency of multiple sevices and service composition.
ex:One service calls an operation provided by another service ,the service is
dependent on the functionality offered by the other service\'s operation and
the services are coupled.
Services that are loosely coupled have a high reusability potential and are easy to
maintain.By optimizing the allocation of operations to services we can minimize
coupling between services.
2)Task service:-
It is direclty related to business task of process.It is modeled for specific processess
to meet immediate requirements of the organization and therefore contains specific business
logic.As a result task services are not generally considered agnostic and therefore
have less reuse potential than other service models.
To increase the amount of agnostic logic within service based on entity and utility
service model is improved.
As they tend to represent the end-to-end logic of a business process,these are positioned
as service composition controllers,Responsible for composing other services (entity and
utility)
to automate their business process.
Encapsulated in task service,one may provide entrally accessible functionality that is used
consistently throughout the organization.
for complex caluculations that have been encapsulated in libraries and business frameworkds
traditionally.
3)Entity services:-
These represent a business centric service with a service boundary encompasssing one
or more business related entities.
They often create business objects and ensure abidancy by business rules and date
completeness
Example of business entities include order,client ,timesheet,and invoice.
As their functional boundary is based on business entities,entity services are naturally
agnostic to business processes.This allows them to be repeatedly reutilized in support of
multiple tasks and business process,positioning them as highly reusable services.
it would not be uncommon to label an entity service associated with the invoice business
entity as the invoice service.
4)Utility services:-
These are tyically business-logic agnostic and serve to provide reusable,cross-cutting
functionalities related to processing data within legacy application environments.These
are not related to or derived from existing business models.
As a result these are commonly agnostic and reusable.Unlike task and entity services the
involvement of business analysts or business subject matter experts is generally not required
when modeling utility service candidates.
utility services include notification,event logging,exception handling,and currrency conversion
1)Coupling:-
It is applicable on different elements of a service and an SOA in general and
refers to the level of dependency between two or more elements.Type of coupling can be
identified .
#include iostream Provides cout. #include cstdlib .pdf
#include // Provides cout.
#include // Provides size_t.
#include \"sequence3.h\" // Provides the sequence class with double items.
using namespace std;
using namespace main_savitch_5;
// Descriptions and points for each of the tests:
const size_t MANY_TESTS = 6;
const int POINTS[MANY_TESTS+1] = {
18, // Total points for all tests.
4, // Test 1 points
4, // Test 2 points
4, // Test 3 points
2, // Test 4 points
2, // Test 5 points
2 // Test 6 points
};
const char DESCRIPTION[MANY_TESTS+1][256] = {
\"tests for sequence Class with a linked sequence\",
\"Testing insert, attach, and the constant member functions\",
\"Testing situations where the cursor goes off the sequence\",
\"Testing remove_current\",
\"Testing the copy constructor\",
\"Testing the assignment operator\",
\"Testing insert/attach for somewhat larger sequences\"
};
bool test_basic(const sequence& test, size_t s, bool has_cursor)
{
bool answer;
cout << \"Testing that size() returns \" << s << \" ... \";
cout.flush( );
answer = (test.size( ) == s);
cout << (answer ? \"Passed.\" : \"Failed.\") << endl;
if (answer)
{
cout << \"Testing that is_item() returns \";
cout << (has_cursor ? \"true\" : \"false\") << \" ... \";
cout.flush( );
answer = (test.is_item( ) == has_cursor);
cout << (answer ? \"Passed.\" : \"Failed.\") << endl;
}
return answer;
}
bool test_items(sequence& test, size_t s, size_t i, double items[])
{
bool answer = true;
cout << \"The cursor should be at item [\" << i << \"]\" << \" of the sequence\ \";
cout << \"(counting the first item as [0]). I will advance the cursor\ \";
cout << \"to the end of the sequence, checking that each item is correct...\";
cout.flush( );
while ((i < s) && test.is_item( ) && (test.current( ) == items[i]))
{
i++;
test.advance( );
}
if ((i != s) && !test.is_item( ))
{ // The test.is_item( ) function returns false too soon.
cout << \"\ Cursor fell off the sequence too soon.\" << endl;
answer = false;
}
else if (i != s)
{ // The test.current( ) function returned a wrong value.
cout << \"\ The item [\" << i << \"] should be \" << items[i] << \",\ \";
cout << \" but it was \" << test.current( ) << \" instead.\ \";
answer = false;
}
else if (test.is_item( ))
{ // The test.is_item( ) function returns true after moving off the sequence.
cout << \"\ The cursor was moved off the sequence,\";
cout << \" but is_item still returns true.\" << endl;
answer = false;
}
cout << (answer ? \"Passed.\" : \"Failed.\") << endl;
return answer;
}
bool correct(sequence& test, size_t size, size_t cursor_spot, double items[])
{
bool has_cursor = (cursor_spot < size);
// Check the sequence\'s size and whether it has a cursor.
if (!test_basic(test, size, has_cursor))
{
cout << \"Basic test of size() or is_item() failed.\" << endl << endl;
return false;
}
// If there is a cursor, check the items from cursor to end of the sequence.
if (has_cursor && !test_items(test, size, cursor_spot, items))
{
cout << \"Test of the sequence\'s items failed.\" << endl << endl;
return false;.
ultravoilet exites electrons of matter more than .pdf
ultravoilet exites electrons of matter more than visible and infrared infrared causes
temperature rise visible makes matter visible
Solution
ultravoilet exites electrons of matter more than visible and infrared infrared causes
temperature rise visible makes matter visible.
The difference in the HNMR is the number of signa.pdf
The difference in the HNMR is the number of signals. The first one will have 5
signals due to horizontal symmetry . The other will have 7 signals because its unsymmetrical.
Make sense? pretty ez stuff.
Solution
The difference in the HNMR is the number of signals. The first one will have 5
signals due to horizontal symmetry . The other will have 7 signals because its unsymmetrical.
Make sense? pretty ez stuff..
The balanced Equations are as follows 2SO2(g) +.pdf
The balanced Equations are as follows : 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ---> 2SO3 (g) SO3 (g) +
H2O (l) ----> H2SO4 (aq)
Solution
The balanced Equations are as follows : 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ---> 2SO3 (g) SO3 (g) +
H2O (l) ----> H2SO4 (aq).
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. Hi please find my code. import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class Max3Bag { private HashMap map; public Max3Bag() { map = new HashMap<>(); } public void add(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){ // if map already contains this element if(map.get(element) < 3) // if count is less than 3 then add this element with count incremented by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)+1); }else map.put(element, 1); // if element is not in map then add it it map with count 1 } public void remove(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){// if element is in map if(map.get(element) == 1) // if count is 1 then remove from map map.remove(element); else // else decrement count by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)-1); } } public boolean member(String element){ return map.containsKey(element); } public void print(){ // get each entry of map and print key and value
- 2. for(Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()){ System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"="+entry.getValue()); } } } public class Max3BagTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Max3Bag A = new Max3Bag(); A.add("a"); A.add("a"); A.add("a"); A.add("a"); A.add("b"); A.add("b"); A.add("b"); A.remove("a"); A.add("c"); A.print(); } } /* Sample Output: a=2 b=3 c=1 */ Solution Hi please find my code.
- 3. import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class Max3Bag { private HashMap map; public Max3Bag() { map = new HashMap<>(); } public void add(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){ // if map already contains this element if(map.get(element) < 3) // if count is less than 3 then add this element with count incremented by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)+1); }else map.put(element, 1); // if element is not in map then add it it map with count 1 } public void remove(String element){ if(map.containsKey(element)){// if element is in map if(map.get(element) == 1) // if count is 1 then remove from map map.remove(element); else // else decrement count by 1 map.put(element, map.get(element)-1); } } public boolean member(String element){ return map.containsKey(element); } public void print(){ // get each entry of map and print key and value for(Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()){ System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"="+entry.getValue());
- 4. } } } public class Max3BagTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Max3Bag A = new Max3Bag(); A.add("a"); A.add("a"); A.add("a"); A.add("a"); A.add("b"); A.add("b"); A.add("b"); A.remove("a"); A.add("c"); A.print(); } } /* Sample Output: a=2 b=3 c=1 */