The document outlines best practices for back-end optimization focusing on PHP development, including topics like caching, de-normalization, and asynchronous processing. It emphasizes the importance of reducing HTTP requests for faster page loads and provides detailed instructions for debugging and performance profiling tools. Additionally, it covers cloud computing solutions with AWS for scalability and management of resources.

1. Heavy Web Optimization
BACK-END
<?php //from a PHP dev ?>
Vo Duy Tuan PHP Developer from Reader.vn, Picto.vn & more…

2. $who_am_I?
 My Name is Võ Duy Tuấn
 PHP 5 Zend Certified Engineer
 Interests: PHP, Social Network, Optimize Web
 Works:
 Thegioididong
 Reader.vn, Picto.vn CEO/Founder
 Trainer
 Freelancer
 Consultant

3. $table_of_content
 Warm up: Some best practices
 Back-end Optimization
 De-normalization
 Asynchronous processing
 Caching
 Scalability

4. 1 Warm up: Some best practices

5. 1.1. Smarty Trick
a. Prevent recompile .tpl file:
$smarty = new Smarty();
$smarty->compile_check = false;
b. Compile all .tpl files:
set_time_limit(1000); //do not interrupt
$smarty->compileAllTemplates('.tpl',true);

6. 1.2. Pagination
 From
 To

7. 1.2. Pagination – Why?
 How do we make pagination feature?
mysql_query(‘SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tbl WHERE col LIKE “%word%”’)
> Get total record > Get toal page > Build page number list with a simple loop
mysql_query(‘SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE col LIKE “%word%” LIMIT 0,20’)
> Get data of current page (page 1, with 20 rows/page)
Do you have the answer  ?

8. 1.3. Get enough data from remote server
 Send HEAD to detect 404 error from remote
URL
 Read first bytes of remote file to detect image
type,width/height

9. 2 Back-end Optimization

10. 2.1. Where is Back-end?
“80% of the end-user response time is spent on the front-
end. Most of this time is tied up in downloading all the
components in the page: images, stylesheets, scripts, Flash,
etc. Reducing the number of components in turn reduces the
number of HTTP requests required to render the page. This
is the key to faster pages.”

11. 2.2. Back-end Optimize Theory
 Reduce disk In/Out
 Reduce complex/fuzzy
 Reduce budget

12. 2.3. Debugging & Profiling
 Nusphere Phped Debugger
 Xdebug
 top command
 Apache bench

13. 2.3.1. Nusphere Phped Debugger
 Installation:
 Step 1: Install php extension
 Step 2: Install DBGbar addon for Firefox or DBG
debugger on Chrome
 Step 3: Update PHP.INI config
 Restart your web server (if needed)

14. 2.3.1. Nusphere Phped Debugger

15. 2.3.2. Xdebug
 Installation:
 Step 1: Install php extension
 Step 2: Update PHP.INI config
 Restart your server (if needed)

16. 2.3.2. Xdebug
PHP.INI
[xdebug]
zend_extension_ts = C:..php_xdebug-2.1.0-5.2-vc6.dll
xdebug.profiler_output_dir = "C:xdebug"
xdebug.profiler_output_name = "callgrind.%R.%t"
xdebug.profiler_enable = 0
xdebug.profiler_append=0
xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger = 1
xdebug.extended_info=1
Usage:
http://example.com/index.php?XDEBUG_PROFILE

17. 2.3.2. Xdebug

18. 2.3.3. linux command top

19. 2.3.4. Apache Bench

20. Somewhere in the dark…

21. 3 De-normalization

22. 3.1. What is De-normalization?
 Most of use live with Relational DB.
 What is normalization?
 Database normalization is the process of organizing
the fields and tables of a relational database to
minimize redundancy and dependency .(Wiki)
 What is De-normalization?
 Denormalization is the process of attempting to
optimise the read performance of a database by
adding redundant data or by grouping data. (Wiki)

23. 3.2. How to de-normalize?
 Vertical Split.
 Pre-calculated value.
 Duplicate data.

24. 3.2.1. Vertical Split

25. 3.2.1. Vertical Split (cont.)

26. 3.2.2. Pre-calculated value

27. 3.2.3. Duplicate data

28. 3.3. Data correctness
 Normalization = Correctness
 Denormalization = Performance

29. 4 Asynchronous processing

30. 4.1. Job queue

31. 4.2. Job queue :: Gearman
 http://gearman.org/

32. But….
Apache can be a job queue,

33. 4.3. Async Request
function backgroundHttpPost($url, $prm = ''){
$p=parse_url($url);
$fp = fsockopen($p['host'], isset($p['port'])?$p['port']:80, $en, $es, 30);
if (!$fp)
return false;
else {
$out = "POST ".$p['path']."?".$p['query']." HTTP/1.1rn";
$out.= "Host: ".$p['host']."rn";
$out.= "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedrn";
$out.= "Content-Length: ".strlen($prm)."rn";
$out.= "Connection: Closernrn";
if ($prm != '') $out.= $prm;
fwrite($fp, $out); fclose($fp);
return true;
}
}
Usage:
$taskUrl = 'http://picto.vn/task/deletephoto';
backgroundHttpPost($taskUrl, 'photoid=' . $myPhoto->id);

35. 5 Caching

36. 5.1. What is caching?

37. 5.2. What is APC?
 Alternative PHP Cache – APC
 Free PHP Extension
 PHP Opcode cache
 Support User data cache
 Run on SAME machine with PHP
 NOT support multi servers

39. 5.3. APC Monitor

42. 5.4. APC Using

44. 5.5. APC Tip
 Opcode your web code only
 Disable APC for PhpMyAdmin
<Directory "/mysite/public_html/">
...
php_admin_flag apc.cache_by_default On
</Directory
<Directory "/mysite/public_html/phpmyadmin/">
...
php_admin_flag apc.cache_by_default Off
</Directory>

45. 2.6. APC Tip..
 Cache STRING is better than ARRAY
 Long Time To Live better than Short
 Case study:
 Caching for Feed System:

46. BEFORE

47. BEFORE

48. ANALYSE

49. AFTER

50. Short TTL make fragmentation

51. Short TTL make fragmentation

52. 6 Cloud computing - AWS
 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud – Amazon EC2 + EBS
 Amazon Simple Storage Service – Amazon S3
 Amazon Simple Email Service – Amazon SES

53. 6.1. Amazon EC2
5

54. 6.1. Amazon EC2 (cont.)
5

55. 6.2. Amazon S3
5

56. 6.2. Amazon S3 (cont.)
5

57. 6.2. Amazon S3 (cont.)
5

58. 6.3. Amazon SES
 1,000,000 emails = $100
5
 Support SMTP

59. 6.3. Amazon SES (cont.)
5

60. 6.4. Adapt to AWS for scalability
 Local server (Web & RDBMS) + S3
5
 EC2 (Web) + EBS (RDB) + S3
 EC2 (Web) + EBS (local storage) + Amazon
RDS (RDB) + S3
 EC2 (Web) + EBS (local storage) + EC2
(noSQL) + S3
 …Can use with more Amazon Services

61. Thank you!
It’s time to query …
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