1.
Hello

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This Slide Intentionally Left Blank

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This One Too

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Site Performancefrom Pinto to Ferrari Joseph Scott joseph@josephscott.org http://josephscott.org/

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Find Mehttp://josephscott.org/joseph@josephscott.org@josephscott

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The Pinto

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/autohistorian/4439476737/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/autohistorian/4439476737/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2466245846/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/autohistorian/4439476737/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/autohistorian/4439476737/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/autohistorian/4439476737/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/autohistorian/4439476737/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/autohistorian/4439476737/

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The Ferrari

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Steve Soudershttp://stevesouders.com/

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2007

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2009

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Why Did I Choose This Topic?

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I Want My Site To Be Faster

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I Want My Site To Be Faster Less Like A Pinto

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I Want My Site To Be Faster More Like A Ferrari

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How Fast Is It Now?

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How Fast Is It Now?Tools For Measuring Site Performance

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Toolswebpagetest.orgpagespeed.googlelabs.comFirefox & FirebugChrome/Safari & Dev ToolsHttpWatch

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Where To Start?

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Where To Start?http://www.webpagetest.org/

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webpagetest.orgTest LocationBrowserConnection SpeedVideo

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Browsers IE 8 still most commonly used browser (26.5% / 28.5%)http://gs.statcounter.com/#browser_version-na-monthly-201106-201108-bar

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Connection Speed FIOS 20Mbps

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http://www.webpagetest.org/result/110827_KZ_1EBDB/1/details/

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Which Part?

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The Initial RequestGet the source for the page

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The Initial RequestGet the source 0.113 seconds for the page

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The Initial RequestDNS Lookup: 5 msInitial Connection: 47 msTime to First Byte: 57 msContent Download: 4 msBytes In (downloaded): 9.6 KBBytes Out (uploaded): 0.4 KB

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Requests Per PageNovember 2010: 69August 2011: 76http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2011/08/17/http-archive-nine-months/

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Thinking Clearly About Performancehttp://carymillsap.blogspot.com/2010/02/thinking- clearly-about-performance.html

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Average LiesList A List B0.924 0.7960.928 0.7980.954 0.8020.957 0.8230.961 0.9190.965 0.9770.972 1.0760.979 1.2160.987 1.2731.373 1.320 pg3, Exhibit 1

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Aim For Consistent Performance

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Know Your LimitsCalculate the theoretical best performance for your setup

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Know Your LimitsCalculate the theoretical best performance for your setup What ever you actually end up with will be slower than that

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Moving Up The Stack

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The Stack Network

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The StackServer Hardware Network

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The StackOperating SystemServer Hardware Network

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The StackHTTP Operating System Server Hardware Network

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The StackHTTP PHP Operating System Server Hardware Network

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The StackHTTP PHP MySQL Operating System Server Hardware Network

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The Stack WordPressHTTP PHP MySQL Operating System Server Hardware Network

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The Stack WordPressHTTP PHP MySQL Operating System Server Hardware Network

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HTTP - The Web ServerApache remove any modules you aren’t using turn off host name lookups turn off FollowSymLinks turn off .htaccess (if you can) turn on compression (mod_deflate) tweak MaxClients

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HTTP - The Web Server Apache - mod_pagespeedhttp://code.google.com/speed/page-speed/docs/module.html http://code.google.com/p/modpagespeed/

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HTTP - The Web ServerConsider Alternatives Nginx

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HTTP - The Web Server HTTP Compression Keep-alive supportCorrectly Configured Caching

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ETag SurveyHTTP/1.1 200 OKETag: "cd7ac991ff11"

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ETag SurveyIf-None-Match: "cd7ac991ff11"HTTP/1.1 304 NOT MODIFIED

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ETag SurveyETags used by 136 of the top 1,000 U.S. sites http://josephscott.org/archives/2011/09/etag-survey/

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ETag SurveyOf the 136 sites using ETags: 54 Worked Correctly (39.7%) 11 Sort of Worked (8%) 71 Broken/Useless (52.2%)

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Understanding PHP

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Understanding PHP Lifespan.phpRead Parse Compile Execute Output

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Understanding PHP Lifespan.phpRead Parse Compile Execute Output Apache / mod_php

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Understanding PHP.php LifespanRead Parse Compile Execute Output FastCGI Nginx

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ReadingOpen Read Close

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ReadingOpen Read Close Avoid co$tly services like NFS

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Parsehello.php <?php echo "Hello, World!n"Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end,expecting , or ; in /tmp/hello.php on line 3

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Tokens <?php echo$tokens = token_get_all( "Hello, World!"; );

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foreach ( $tokens as $token ) { if ( is_array( $token ) ) { echo token_name( $token[0] ) . " ( {$token[2]} ) - {$token[1]}n"; } else { echo "{$token}n"; }}

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T_OPEN_TAG ( 1 ) - <?phpT_ECHO ( 1 ) - echoT_WHITESPACE ( 1 ) -T_CONSTANT_ENCAPSED_STRING ( 1 ) - "Hello, World!";

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Compile

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Branch analysis from position: 0Return foundfilename: /tmp/hello.phpfunction name: (null)number of ops: 3compiled vars: noneline # op fetch ext return operands------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 ECHO Hello%2C+World%21%0A 3 1 RETURN 1 2* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION

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ExecuteDeceptively Simple Term•Includes all sorts of activity•Database / remote requests

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Output•PHP can buffer output•Don’t forget about compression

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Making PHP Faster

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Making PHP Faster.phpRead Parse Compile Execute Output

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Making PHP Faster.phpRead APC Parse Compile Execute Output

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Making PHP Faster.phpRead APC Parse Compile Execute Output opcode cache

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PHP - opcode caching APCrequests per second - increased 4x time per request - decreased 4x

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Use An Opcode Cache (APC)

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Use An Opcode Cache (APC)!

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APC == Free Money

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APC == Free Money

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PHPuse an opcode cache (APC)use newer versionsdon’t use on static files (unless you really need to)consider output bufferingbe careful with preg_* functionsprofile your running code (Xdebug, VLD)don’t re-invent native PHP functions, they are likelyfaster than yours

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The Stack WordPressHTTP PHP MySQL Operating System Server Hardware Network

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MySQLuse InnoDB table type (unless you have areally good reason not to)use the slow query loguse EXPLAIN on queries, learnwhat the output meansdouble triple check your indexeslearn about quirks

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The Stack WordPressHTTP PHP MySQL Operating System Server Hardware Network

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Memcached“Free & open source, high-performance,distributed memory object cachingsystem” in memory only, won’t survive a reboot key/value data store http://memcached.org/

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WordPress + Memcached Memcached Object Cache Persistent data store for WordPress objects Reduces the number of database querieshttp://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/memcached/

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I’m Batcache

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WordPress + Memcached Batcache Persistent data store for rendered pageshttp://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/batcache/

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WordPress Caching - Alternatives WP Super Cache http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-super-cache/ W3 Total Cache http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/w3-total-cache/

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But Wait, There’s More!

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MySQL ReplicationMaster / Slave one way, asynchronous send writes to the master send reads to the slave supports multiple slaves, and chaining

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WordPress + HyperDB Drop in replacement for default DB class distributed reads and writes partition datahttp://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/hyperdb/

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What Could This Look Like?

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What Could This Look Like?Net web & database

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What Could This Look Like?Net db web

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What Could This Look Like? dbNet web memcached

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What Could This Look Like? db dbNet web memcached memcached

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What Could This Look Like? web db db load webbalancer web memcached memcached

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Variationsslave just for backupsmultiple data centerstask specific web servers

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When Things Go Wrong

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Hire an Amazing SysAdmin

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Questions?

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Find Mehttp://josephscott.org/joseph@josephscott.org@josephscott