Hearing anatomy & physiology
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We can hear a wide range of sounds through our auditory system. Sound waves enter the outer ear and travel through the ear canal to the eardrum, which vibrates the tiny bones of the middle ear. This causes fluid waves in the cochlea that stimulate hair cells to send electrical signals to the brain via the auditory nerve. The brain then interprets these signals as different pitches, volumes, and qualities of sound. Common causes of hearing loss include conductive issues of the outer/middle ear, sensorineural problems of the inner ear, or a combination of both.
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Hearing anatomy & physiology
- 1. What can we hear? 1
- 2. What can we hear? 1
- 6. WHA GOI T’S NG ON THE IN RE? ?
- 7. O WHA WD S GOI T’S HO EAR NG ON R THE IN OU R ?? RE? HEA ?
- 8. O WHA WD S GOI T’S HO EAR NG ON R THE IN OU R ?? RE? HEA ? A.F
- 20. Conductive Hearing Loss 6
- 21. Middle Ear Tumor 7
- 22. Middle Ear Tumor 7
- 25. 9
- 29. Question 13
- 30. 14
Editor's Notes
- What can we hear?20 Hz to 20,000 Hz*Cat & dog, just a little higher- think about dog whistles
- What can we hear?20 Hz to 20,000 Hz*Cat & dog, just a little higher- think about dog whistles\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Goal: talk about how we hear, what’s going on inside our ears\nAnatomy & physiology of the ear\n\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Basic anatomy: Use listening to headphones to demonstrateOuter ear (pinna): collects sound & funnels into ear canal, toward ear drum*Earbud in ear* when listening to headphones…Sound= pressure wave, changes in air pressure- moves eardrum back and forth*Connected to eardrum= 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup from elementary school)*Stirrup connects to snail-like cochlea—see in pict cochlea surrounded by bone- structure doesn’t change*Finally auditory nerve carries info from cochlea to brain & voila!\n
- Start with outside and work inAudiologist & PCP look in ear- what looking for? Anyone look in an ear before?\n
- Otoscopy pictures1: What we see: this ear very clean (small wax upper right), eardrum at end Looking for blockage, healthy skin & ear drum, fluid behind TM*If squeamish, don’t have to look..2: Close up eardrum (AKA tympanic membrane), See bones behind it. 3 layers (skin, fibrous layer, mucous membrane)3: Angry ear infection4: Tubes\n
- Otoscopy pictures1: What we see: this ear very clean (small wax upper right), eardrum at end Looking for blockage, healthy skin & ear drum, fluid behind TM*If squeamish, don’t have to look..2: Close up eardrum (AKA tympanic membrane), See bones behind it. 3 layers (skin, fibrous layer, mucous membrane)3: Angry ear infection4: Tubes\n
- Otoscopy pictures1: What we see: this ear very clean (small wax upper right), eardrum at end Looking for blockage, healthy skin & ear drum, fluid behind TM*If squeamish, don’t have to look..2: Close up eardrum (AKA tympanic membrane), See bones behind it. 3 layers (skin, fibrous layer, mucous membrane)3: Angry ear infection4: Tubes\n
- Middle ear fluid- may be infected or not\n
- Otosclerosis- abnormal bone growth, stapes can’t move\nCholesteatoma- skin cyst\nTumor\n
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- Image of cochleaRemember, surrounding area bone, just removed for image3 different chambers, some tissues and fluid in each sectionStirrup moves back and forth- create waves in fluidHeard people talk about tiny hairs in ear, hairs connected to nervesWaves trigger hairs to send signal to brain with info- I HEAR A SOUND\n
- Tonotopic OrganizationDifferent areas of cochlea sensitive to different soundsBottom (base)= high pitchTop (apex)= low pitchThat’s why hearing isn’t all or nothing- diff amounts of hearing loss for different sounds/ pitchesOften with aging, bottom damaged/worn out (gets most use since at the beginning), so sensitivity to high pitch sounds is decreased & low pitch is fine. (fluid travels over damaged area & into the healthy)\n\n
- Cochlea pict againBottom= high pitch, birdTop= low pitch, bass drumImagine the hair cells gone\n
- Noise exposure: Loud music, occupational\nMedications\nCardiovascular health/blood pressure\nGenetics\nAge\n
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