6. Sources & Destinations of Health Care
Expenditures
Public payments (Medicare, Medicaid
and other public sources) account for
46% of the Nation HealthCare dollar:
private health insurance account for
35%
7. Physician compensation – by selected speciality, 2007
There is a sizable
gap between
physician
compensation levels
in the U.S. and Latin
America
8. Privat e Non-
group
6%
Uninsured
17%
Medicaid/
Other Public
16% Employer-
sponsored
I nsurance
61%
Health Insurance Coverage of
the Non-elderly Population, 2007
261.4 Million
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2008 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
9. Non-elderly Health Insurance Coverage by
Race and Ethnicity, 2007
76%
70%
42%
62%
12%
24%
27%
12%
28%
25%
52%
42%
13%
30%
18%
21%
34%
12%
43.4 M
166.7 M
33.2 M
12.3 M
1.7 M
Number
4.1 M
Black
Multiracial
White
Hispanic
Am. Indian
Asian
Private Medicaid/Public Uninsured
NOTES: American Indian category includes Aleutian Eskimos. Asian includes South Pacific Islander.
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2008 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
10. 7%
15%
21%
23%
27%
34%
35%
53%
Exorbitant Health Care Costs Force Tough
Decisions
Source: Kaiser Health Tracking Poll (conducted Feb. 3-12, 2009)
In the past 12 months, have you or another family member living in your household done
each of the following because of the cost, or not?
Skipped a recommended medical test or treatment
Not filled a prescription for a medicine
Cut pills in half or skipped doses of medicine
Had problems getting mental health care
Put off or postponed getting health care you needed
Skipped dental care or checkups
Did any of the above
Relied on home remedies or over the counter drugs
instead of going to see a doctor
11. 15%
15%
16%
18%
26%
37%
58%
24%
As a result of recent changes in the economy, have you and your family experienced any of the
following problems, or not? Was this a serious problem, or not?
Household Problems Tied to Current
Economic Downturn
Percent saying each was a “serious problem”
Problems paying for gas
Problems getting a good-paying job or a raise in pay
Problems paying your rent or mortgage
Problems paying for health care and health insurance
Problems paying for food
Problems with credit card debt or other
personal debt
Losing money in the stock market
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation Health Tracking Poll: Election 2008 (conducted July 29-August 6, 2008)
Report ANY of the above was a “serious problem”
12. Key Data
A 2005 Harvard University study found that the
average out-of-pocket medical debt for those who
filed for bankruptcy was $12,000 and that over half of
all bankruptcies were partly the result of medical
expenses.1
Qualifying for coverage in the individual market is a
real issue, but it's not as challenging as consumers
make think. According to a 2007 study from America's
Health Insurance Plans (AHIP), 88.7% of individual
health insurance applicants were offered coverage,
with 11.3% declined or not offered coverage for
various reasons.2
1 Himmelstein, D, E. Warren, D. Thorne, and S. Woolhander, "Illness and Injury as Contributors to Bankruptcy," Health Affairs Web Exclusive W5-63, 02 February, 2005
2 AHIP Center for Policy Research, Individual Health Insurance 2006-2007: A Comprehensive Survey of Premiums, Availability, and Benefits, Individual market, analysis of offer rates, 2006,
p.11: http://www.ahipresearch.org/pdfs/Individual_Market_Survey_December_2007.pdf
13. U.S. Hispanic Population Breakdown
by Income
US Total Yearly Money Income (2005)
All Races Hispanic(of any race)
Numbers in Thousands
Mean Size of
Household (2,57)
Mean Size of
Household (3,35)
From To Households Total People % Households Total People %
$ - $ 19.999 25.040 64.354 21,42% 3.203 10.730 25,59%
$ 20.000 $ 39.999 27.332 70.242 23,39% 3.661 12.264 29,25%
$ 40.000 $ 59.999 21.399 54.995 18,31% 2.399 8.037 19,16%
$ 60.000 $ 79.999 12.987 33.378 11,11% 1.403 4.700 11,21%
$ 80.000 $ 99.999 9.415 24.197 8,06% 754 2.526 6,02%
$ 100.000 $ 999.999.999 20.702 53.204 17,71% 1.098 3.678 8,77%
Total 116.876 300.370 100,00% 12.518 41.935 100,00%
http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/hhinc/new01_000.htm
15. Number of Non-elderly Uninsured
Americans, 2000 – 2007
39,6
40,9
43,3
44,7 45,5
43,0
44,4
46,5
45,0
0
25
50
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2004 2005 2006 2007
2000-2004 Met hod 2004 Revised Met hod
* The Census Bureau periodically revises its CPS methods, which means data before and after the revision are not comparable. Comparison across years can be made between 2000
through 2004, and 2004 though 2007.
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2001-2008 ASEC Supplements to the CPS.
16. Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2007
400% FPL +
10%
200-399% FPL
24%
100-199% FPL
29%
< 100% FPL
37%
Family IncomeFamily Work Status
Total = 45 million uninsured
1 or More Full-
Time Workers
69%
No
Workers
19%
Part-Time
Workers
12%
Age
0-18
20%
19-29
29%
30-44
27%
45-64
24%
The federal poverty level was $21,203 for a family of four in 2007.
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of March 2008 CPS.
17. 79%
92%
16%
6%5% 2%
Uninsured All Nonelderly
Uninsured Non-elderly vs. All Non-elderly,
by Citizenship Status, 2007
U.S. citizen
Non-citizen
less than 5 years
Non-citizen
5 or more
years
45.0 Million
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2008 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
261.4 Million
18. 12%
28%
57%
53%
19%
7%
12%
12%
Uninsured All Nonelderly
Uninsured Nonelderly vs. All Nonelderly,
by Family Work Status, 2007
Two full-time workers
One full-time worker
Only part time
No workers
45.0 Million 261.4 Million
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2008 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
Over 80% of the
uninsured come
from working
families, with nearly
70% having at least
one full-time worker
in the family. Most
uninsured workers
are self-employed
or work for small
firms where health
benefits are less
likely to be offered.
19. $2.137
$3.785
$4.819
$8.825
$3.281
$1.619
$694
$334
2000 2007 2000 2007
Employer Contribut ion
Worker Contribution
Average Annual Premium Costs
for Covered Workers, 2000 and 2007
Note: Family coverage is defined as health coverage for a family of four. Data represents average for all types of plans.
SOURCE: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 2007.
$2,471
$6,438
$4,479
$12,106
Single Coverage Family Coverage
Even the
Insured
people has
an annually
out-of-
pocket
expense of
US$694
20. Distribution of the Uninsured Non-elderly
Hispanics
Sources: Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured estimates based on the Census Bureau's March 2007 and 2008 Current Population Survey (CPS: Annual
Social and Economic Supplements)
21. White Black Hispanic Other Total
Nevada 39.6% 6.9% 44.1% 9.4% 100.0%
New Mexico 29.7% NSD 44.2% 23.8% 100.0%
Arizona 34.3% NSD 55.1% 6.4% 100.0%
California 24.1% 5.8% 58.9% 11.2% 100.0%
Texas 25.4% 11.1% 59.5% 4.0% 100.0%
Non-elderly Uninsured Hispanics Location
Top 5 States
Sources: Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured estimates based on the Census Bureau's March 2007 and 2008 Current Population Survey
(CPS: Annual Social and Economic Supplements). Definitions: NSD: Not Sufficient Data.
22. Why some people do not have Health
Insurance - Video
See it also at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q62Bn1ie-w
Source: Information provided by the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Publish Date: 2009-02-24
Note: You must have the video file in your computer in order
to see the video – Video length: 6:23 min.
24. Average length of Hospitalization
In 2005, the
average length of
stay for all inpatient
procedures was 4.8
days
Source: 2005 National Hospital Discharge Survey
25. Surgical Procedures represent 45.5% of all
inpatient procedures
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_165.pdf
26. Non-elderly Discharge Rate and Lengh of
stay
Age
US
Population
US
Population
%
Discharges Rate Days
Days of
stay
(average)
00-17 59,889 25% 2,402 4,01% 11,287 4,7
18-44 104,712 44% 10,702 10,22% 39,596 3,7
45-64 75,819 32% 8,317 10,970% 41,587 5
Subtotal 240,42 100% 21,421 8,91% 4,36
65-74 31,069 4,993 15.75% 25,935 5.30
Total 299,533 34,64 165,365
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_165.pdf
Notes: The Discharge Rate and the Average days of stay are weighted by population
27. Emergency Room Admissions (%)
We take 31.8
(Private insurance
ratio) for our figures.
Nevertheless, for our
target market, due to
non-preventive
health care, the
figure is between
31.8 and 59.9%
Source: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb7.jsp
29. Glossary of Health Insurance Terms
Plan Type
HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)
A health insurance plan or organization that provides a wide range of comprehensive healthcare services through a network of
doctors, hospitals, labs, etc. who agree to provide services to HMO members at a pre-negotiated rate. As a member of an HMO,
you will need to see your primary care physician for care or a referral to a specialist, except in case of emergency. Your choice
of doctors is often restricted to those in the network. As an HMO member, if you don't use the healthcare providers that
participate in your plan's network, you will usually bear the full cost of these services.
Indemnity
A health insurance plan that reimburses the member or healthcare provider at a certain percentage of charges for services
rendered, often after a deductible has been satisfied. Indemnity plans typically place no restrictions on which providers a
member may visit for healthcare services. Indemnity plans are also referred to as "fee-for-service" plans. They offer great
freedom in choosing your healthcare provider, but may involve more paperwork and out-of-pocket expenses for the member.
POS (Point-of-Service)
A type of managed care health insurance plan. Benefit levels vary depending on whether you receive your care in or out of the
health insurance company's network of providers. POS plans combine elements of both HMO and PPO plans. As a member of a
POS plan, you will likely be required to designate a primary care physician who will then make referrals to network specialists
when needed. You may receive care from non-network providers but with greater out-of-pocket costs. With a POS plan, you
may be responsible for co-payments, coinsurance and an annual deductible.
PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)
A type of managed care health insurance plan that allows you, as a member, to visit whatever in-network physician or
healthcare provider you wish without first requiring a referral from a primary care physician. Services will typically be covered
at a higher benefit level when rendered by a network provider. As a member of a PPO plan, you will not be required to choose a
primary care physician, but may self-refer to specialists of your choice. PPO plans may require co-payments or coinsurance and
almost always require that you pay an annual deductible before coverage begins.
EPO (Exclusive Provider Organization)
An EPO is a Exclusive Provider Organization. As a member of an EPO, you can use the doctors and hospitals within the EPO
network, but cannot go outside of the network for care. There are no out-of-network benefits.
HAS: Health savings accounts
EPO: exclusive provider organization
MSA: medical savings account
30. Glossary of Health Insurance Terms (cont.)
Network
A network of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers that have agreed to provide medical services to a health
insurance plan's members at discounted costs. While the health plan's members are free to use any health care provider, the cost
to use network providers is less than using non-network providers.
Coinsurance
The amount that you are obliged to pay for covered medical services after you've satisfied any co-payment or deductible required
by your health insurance plan. Coinsurance is typically expressed as a percentage of the charge or allowable charge for a service
rendered by a healthcare provider. For example, if your insurance company covers 80% of the allowable charge for a specific
service, you may be required to cover the remaining 20% as coinsurance.
Annual Deductible
A specific dollar amount that your health insurance company may require that you pay out-of-pocket each year before your health
insurance plan begins to make payments for claims. Not all health insurance plans require a deductible. As a general rule (though
there are many exceptions), HMO plans typically do not require a deductible, while most Indemnity and PPO plans do.
Out-of-pocket Costs
Healthcare costs that a patient or enrollee must pay for out of his or her own pocket, often including such costs as coinsurance,
deductibles, etc..
Lifetime Maximum
The maximum dollar amount that a health insurance company agrees to pay on behalf of a member for covered services during
the course of his or her lifetime.
Out-of-network Care
Healthcare rendered to a patient outside of the health insurance company's network of preferred providers. In many cases, the
health insurance company will not pay for these services.
Outpatient Surgery
Typically, outpatient surgery is defined as any surgical procedure that does not require an overnight stay in a hospital.
Hospitalization
Typically, hospitalization services include services related to staying at a hospital for either scheduled procedures, accidents or
medical emergencies. Hospitalization services typically do not include hospital stays for giving birth to a child.
Estimated Cost
The amount quoted is an estimated cost of the health plan, which is subject to change based on your medical history, the
underwriting practices of the health plan, the optional benefits you selected, if any, and other relevant factors. It may be the sum
of estimated premiums and other recurring charges, if the insurance company has such charges.
Insurance companies reserve the right to change the terms of a policy upon proper notification. Please note that definitions of
certain terms may vary across insurance companies.
31. Understanding the Individual Health
Insurance Market
Nine out of ten non-elderly Americans with private health insurance receive it
through their employer. People generally understand how job-based coverage
works, because it is the most common form of coverage.
Employer coverage is subsidized, and nearly all employers pay at least half of the
premium. On average, employers pay 84 percent of the cost of single coverage
and 72 percent of the cost of family coverage. Therefore, employees have a
strong incentive to sign up for employer coverage, regardless of their health or
financial status. When nearly everybody in a firm signs up, premiums reflect the
average cost of coverage for a large group of people — young and old, healthy
and sick. Usually, all workers in a given workplace who choose the same
coverage pay the same premium.
By contrast, the individual health insurance market is often unfamiliar and not as
well understood. Because individual health insurance is not subsidized by
employers, each consumer pays the entire cost, deciding whether the coverage
justifies the premiums. As a result, consumers in this market tend to be very
price sensitive. Some consumers wait until they perceive they will need health
services before purchasing coverage, resulting in higher premiums within
insurance pools.
32. Health Insurance Premiums
Workers have been paying more per year for health benefits in the workplace,
but they continue to pay the same share of total premiums.
Average Monthly Worker Premium Contribution, 2000-2008
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust, 1999-2008 Survey of Employer Health Benefits Report.
33. Health Insurance Premiums
Workers have been paying more per year for health benefits in the workplace,
but they continue to pay the same share of total premiums.
Percentage of Premium Paid by Covered Workers, 2000-2008
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust, 1999-2008 Survey of Employer Health Benefits Report.
34. Out-of-Pocket Spending on Health Care Services
Distribution of Deductibles for Employee-Only PPO Coverage, 2000-2008
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust, 2000-2008 Survey of Employer Health Benefits Report.
In recent years, individuals with health insurance coverage have
experienced increases in out-of-pocket expenses for health care.
35. Out-of-Pocket Spending on Health Care Services
Many workers are paying higher co-payments for physician visits in HMOs.
Percentage of Covered Workers Facing Various HMO Co-Payment
Amounts for Physician Office Visits, 1998-2008
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust, 1996-2008 Survey of Employer Health Benefits Report.
36. Out-of-Pocket Spending on Health Care Services
Co-payment levels for prescription drugs have increased, and employers have
added a fourth tier to the common, three-tier co-payment system.
Average Co-Payments Per Prescription in Multi-Tier Arrangements,
2000-2008
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust, 2000-2008 Survey of Employer Health Benefits Report. Note: Four-tier drugs:
New types of cost-sharing arrangements that typically build additional layers of higher co-payments or coinsurance for specially identified types of drugs, such
as lifestyle or injectable drugs.
50. Average Cost of Hospitalization - 2006
Source: AHRQ, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2006
51. Target Market and Insurance Cost
Target market
Nonenderly Uninsured Population (00-64) 45.000.000
Hispanics 34% 15.300.000
US Residents 79% 11.934.000
Federal Poverty Level (FPL) 200 - 400 24% 2.864.160
Cases per month
Hospitalization Rate (Discharge Rate) 8,91%
Hospitalizations per month 21.266
Surgical Hospitalizations 45,5% 9.676
Surgical Hospitalizations Not from Emergency Room 68% 6.580
Cost per month
Average Length of Stay (days) 4,36
Hospitalization days 28.688
Hospitalization Cost per day (US$) 1.000
Hospitalization Cost 28.688.017
Monthly Medical Cost per capita 10,02
Tickets & Lodging Cost per month
Flight Tickets (2) 2.500
Lodging (US$150 per day) 10 1.500
Total 4.000
Monthly cases 6.580
Total Cost 26.319.282
Tickets & Lodging Cost per capita 9,19
Monthly Total Cost per capita (US$) 19,21
In Latin America,
the monthly premium for
surgical coverage –with
airfare for 2 and 10 days
lodging included-
would be:
$20
52. Cálculo diferente
Target market
Nonenderly Uninsured Population (00-64) 45,000,000
Hispanics 34% 15,300,000
US Residents 79% 11,934,000
Federal Poverty Level (FPL) 200 - 400 24% 2,864,160
Cases per month
Hospitalization Rate (Discharge Rate) under 65 years old 8.00%
Hospitalizations per month 19,094
Non obstetrical hospitalizations 90% 17,185
Hospitalizations Not from Emergency Room 60% 10,311
Cost per month
Average Length of Stay (days) 4.36
Hospitalization days 44,956
Hospitalization Cost per day (US$) 700
Hospitalization Cost 31,469,099
Monthly Medical Cost per capita 10.99
Tickets & Lodging Cost per month
Flight Tickets (2) 2,500
Lodging (US$150 per day) 10 1,500
Total 4,000
Monthly cases 10,311
Total Cost 41,243,904
Tickets & Lodging Cost per capita 14.40
Monthly Total Cost per capita (US$) 25.39
In Latin America,
the monthly premium for
surgical coverage –with
airfare for 2 and 10 days
lodging included-
would be:
$20
53. What would be the cost of comparable
coverage in USA Hospitals?
Target market (People) 2.864.160
Cases per month 6.580
Cost per month
Mean charge per stay 24.000
Average Length of Stay (days) 4,6
Mean charge per stay per day 5.217
Hospitalization Cost 157.920.000
Monthly Medical Cost per capita 55,14
The same
Insurance in the
US would cost:
$55
55. About Self-Insurance
Self-Insurance (also referred to as self-funding)
is an alternative risk transfer strategy used by
tens of thousands of employers across the US
to finance their group health care and
Workers' Compensation liabilities. Self-
Insurance has become an increasingly
attractive option for many employers due to
the rising costs associated with health care
and Workers' Compensation commercial
insurance.
Source: Self-insurace Institute of America, Inc.
56. Why do employers self fund their health
plans?
There are several reasons why employers choose the self-insurance option.
The following are the most common reasons:
The employer can customize the plan to meet the specific health care needs of its
workforce, as opposed to purchasing a 'one-size-fits-all' insurance policy.
The employer maintains control over the health plan reserves, enabling
maximization of interest income - income that would be otherwise generated by
an insurance carrier through the investment of premium dollars.
The employer does not have to pre-pay for coverage, thereby providing for
improved cash flow.
The employer is not subject to conflicting state health insurance
regulations/benefit mandates, as self-insured health plans are regulated under
federal law (ERISA -Employee Retirement Income Security Act-).
The employer is not subject to state health insurance premium taxes, which are
generally 2-3 percent of the premium's dollar value.
The employer is free to contract with the providers or provider
network best suited to meet the health care needs of its
employees.
Source: Self-insurace Institute of America, Inc.
57. According to a 2000 report by the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI),
approximately 50 million workers and their dependents receive benefits through
self-insured group health plans sponsored by their employers. This represents
33% of the 150 million total participants in private employment-based plans
nationwide.
Self-insured employers can either administer the claims in-house, or subcontract
this service to a third party administrator (TPA). TPAs can also help employers
set up their self-insured group health plans and coordinate stop-loss insurance
coverage, provider network contracts and utilization review services.
58. Insurance Terms
Managing general agent (MGA)
A wholesale insurance intermediary with the authority to accept placements from (and often to appoint) retail
agents on behalf of an insurer. Managing general agents generally provide underwriting and administrative
services, such as policy issuance, on behalf of the insurers they represent. These arrangements are most
common in the surplus lines marketplace. Typically, MGAs market more unusual coverage, such as
professional liability, for which specialized expertise is required to underwrite policies. MGAs benefit insurers
because such expertise is not always available within the company and would be more costly to develop on
an in-house basis.
Managing general underwriter (MGU)
Used in life and health companies instead of managing general agent. The terms have been used
interchangeably, and there is little real distinction.
Agent
A person or organization who/that is authorized to act on behalf of another. An insurance agent is a person or
organization who/that solicits, negotiates, or instigates insurance contracts on behalf of an insurer, and can
be independent or an employee of the insurer. Insurance agents are the legal representatives of insurers,
rather than policyholders, with the right to perform certain acts on behalf of the insurers they represent,
such as to bind coverage.
Broker
An insurance intermediary who/that represents the insured rather than the insurer. Since they are not the legal
representatives of insurers, brokers, unlike independent agents, often do not have the right to act on behalf
of insurers, such as to bind coverage. While some brokers do have agency contracts with some insurers,
they usually remain obligated to represent the interests of insureds rather than insurers. For example, some
state insurance codes impose a fiduciary responsibility to act on behalf of their customers or provide full
disclosure of all their compensation from all sources.
59. Insurance Terms 2
Stop loss
A form of reinsurance also known as "aggregate
excess of loss reinsurance" under which a
reinsurer is liable for all losses, regardless of
size, that occur after a specified loss ratio or
total dollar amount of losses has been reached
60. Channels
Medical sevices to Individuals
Self-Insured companies
Third Party Administrators (TPA’s)
A healthcare insurance product to individuals
61. Distribution of the Nonelderly with
Employer Coverage by Race/Ethnicity
Source: StateHealthFacts.org
According to a 2000 report by the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI), approximately
50 million workers and their dependents receive benefits through self-insured group health
plans sponsored by their employers. This represents 33% of the 150 million total participants
in private employment-based plans nationwide
Extrapolation of the data above reveals Hispanic self-insured market potential to be
approximately 6 million people in 2008?
62. How many people receive coverage through
self-insured health plans
According to a 2000 report by the Employee Benefit Research
Institute (EBRI), approximately 50 million workers and their
dependents receive benefits through self-insured group health
plans sponsored by their employers. This represents 33% of the
150 million total participants in private employment-based plans
nationwide.
2000 US census: 16.8% of the population are Hispanic.
Market potential size: 8,400,000 Hispanics covered by self-
insured plans.
63. Number of private-sector employees:
Texas
California
Illinois
Florida
New York
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2008 (July 2009)
64. Percent of private-sector employees eligible for health
insurance at establishments that offer health insurance
Texas
California
Florida
6,730,702 employees
10,767,725 employees
Illinois
New York
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2008 (July 2009)
5,416,732 employees
4,248,462 employees
5,863,686 employees
65. Percent of enrollees that are enrolled in self-insured plans at
private-sector establishments that offer health insurance
Texas
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2008 (July 2009)
California
Florida
Illinois
New York
3,839,407 employees
6,099,482 employees
3,466,433 employees
3,280,937 employees
5,812,879 employees
66. Copyright notice & Legal information
This presentation may be freely distributed with the sole condition that is not altered in
any way and will not be used with commertial porposes with out the concent of Xetica
Argentina S.A. – info@xetica.com – www.xetica.com
Editor's Notes
The majority of nonelderly obtain health insurance coverage through their employer. However, the share of employees with job-based coverage has been dropping. Public programs provide coverage for some of those with low-incomes who do not have access to employer-based or other insurance. Still, in 2007, 45 million nonelderly lacked health insurance, representing 17 percent of the total nonelderly population.
Hispanics and American Indians have the highest uninsured rates and the lowest rates of private insurance. Because racial and ethnic minority groups are more likely to come from low-income families, Medicaid is an important source of health insurance for them. However, its limited reach leaves large numbers of minorities uninsured.
Nearly six in ten (58%) Americans face &quot;serious problems&quot; resulting from recent changes in the economy, with one in four (24%) struggling to pay for health care and health insurance.
Since 2000, the number of nonelderly uninsured has grown by one to two million a year—with the only decline in the number of uninsured occurring in 2007. The number of uninsured increased as rates of employer-sponsored insurance stalled or declined. Growth in Medicaid and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), along with increases in Medicare and military-related coverage, largely accounted for the decrease in the number of nonelderly uninsured in 2007.
The number of uninsured in America has been steadily growing. Between 2000 and 2004 employer-sponsored health coverage dropped substantially, declining from 66% of the nonelderly in 2000 to 61% by 2004 -- and the number of uninsured increased by about six million over this period. Most recently, the number of nonelderly uninsured continued to grow by about 3.5 million between 2004 and 2006.
Deleted “Data may not total 100% due to rounding.”
Nearly 80% of the uninsured are U.S. citizens. However, recent immigrants, especially those who have been in the U.S. for less than five years are at high risk of being uninsured because they tend to work in low-wage jobs and for firms that do not offer insurance.
Over 80% of the uninsured come from working families, with nearly 70% having at least one full-time worker in the family. Most uninsured workers are self-employed or work for small firms where health benefits are less likely to be offered.