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HÜCRE BÖLÜNMESİ
Hücre bölünmesi canlılar aleminde görülen en önemli biyolojik
olaylardan biridir.
HÜCRE NEDEN BÖLÜNÜR?
 Hücre büyürken, hücre zarı genişler, hacmi artar. Ancak
hücrenin hacmi, hücre zarından daha hızlı büyür. Bu nedenle hücre,
belirli bir büyüklüğe geldiğinde yaşamını sürdürebilmesi için bölünür.
 Hücre çok büyüdüğünde çekirdek hücrenin her yerine hakim
olamaz. Yaşamsal faaliyetlerde sorun yaşamamak için DNA bölünme
kararı alır.
HÜCRE BÖLÜNMESİNİN SONUÇLARI
 Tek hücrelilerde bölünme, o türün birey sayısını arttırır. Bu
sebeple üreme olarak nitelendirilebilir.
 Çok hücreli canlılarda büyüme, gelişme, onarım ve yenilenme
hücre bölünmesi ile gerçekleşir.
 Canlılarda üreme ve büyüme hücre bölünmesi ile meydana
gelir.
Mitoz
Bölünme
Mitoz Bölünmenin Önemi:
 Mitoz bölünme bir hücreli canlılarda üremeyi sağlar.
 Çok hücreli canlılarda iseorganizmanın büyümesini, yıpranan
dokuların onarılmasını ve yenilenmesini sağlar.
 Mitoz bölünme sonucu oluşan yavru hücrelerin kromozom
sayıları aynı kalır.
Hazırlık evresi
Hücrenin bölünme kararını almak üzere gerekli büyüklüğe ulaştığı
evredir. Bölünme kararı alındığında sentrioller kutuplara hareket eder.
Çekirdek bölünmesi
Hücrenin hazırlık evresinin tamamlanması ile genetik bilgiyi taşıyan
kromatin iplikler kısalıp kalınlaşarak kromozomlara dönüşür.
Hücre hayvan hücresi ise sentrozomlar bitki hücresi ise stoplazmadaki
proteinler kromozomların tutunacağı iğ ipliklerini oluşturur.
Çekirdek bölünmesi
Kromozomlar ekvator düzlemine dizilirler.
Çekirdek bölünmesi
Kendisini eşlemiş olan kromozomlar ekvator düzleminden ayrılıp
kutuplara doğru çekilir.
Sitoplazma bölünmesi
Hücre zarı ekvatoral bölgeden boğumlanarak sitoplazmanın
bölünmesini sağlar.
Sitoplazma bölünmesi
Hücre zarı boğumlanmayı tamamlar, zarları yeniden oluşur. Artık
birbirinin aynısı 2 yeni hücremiz var.
Mayoz
Bölünme
Mayoz bölünmenin önemi:
 Mayoz bölünme ile türe ait kromozom sayısı korunur.
 Tür içi biyolojik çeşitlilik sağlanır.
Eşeysiz
Üreme
Eşey hücrelerine bağlı olmadan gerçekleşen üreme şekline
eşeysiz üreme denir
Bölünerek Üreme
Bakteri, amip, öglena, paramesyum ve
mavi-yeşil alglerde görülür
Tomurcuklanarak Üreme
Mayalar, süngerler, sölentereler ve bazı
çiçeksiz bitkilerde tomurcuklanma ile
üreme görülür.
Vejetatif Üreme
Çilek gövdesiyle, söğüt kökleriyle, zambak
toprak altı gövdesiyle ve gözyaşı bitkisi
yapraklarıyla kendine benzer canlılar
oluşturabilir.
Yenilenme
Kollarından biri kopan deniz yıldızı kopan
kolunu yenileyebilir. Toprak solucanı ve
planaryada da yenilenme görülür.
FEN VE TEKNOLOJİ
ÖĞRETMENİ
NAZMİ
DELİGÖZOĞLU
ANKARA - 2013

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Hücre Bölünmesi