This document contains information about various topics related to dogs: 1) It discusses the role of military working dogs and includes the story of a three-legged Belgian Malinois named Layka who tested a canine combat vest by skydiving. 2) It provides information on therapy dogs and discusses their benefits, including reducing stress and lowering blood pressure. The first therapy dog, a Yorkshire Terrier named Smoky, is described. 3) Tips for using dogs in speaking activities are listed, with sample questions about dogs, such as whether they are man's best friend and what kinds of dogs people like or dislike.

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6. Military working dog - He has sacrificed
for this Nation.

7. Military working dog -- Belgian Malinois.

8. The Story of a Military Dog,Layka
 3-Legged Military Dog Skydives to Test Canine Combat Vest
 Layka, a Belgian Malinois, was on the cover of National Geographic magazine.

National Geographic
 PUBLISHED JUNE 12, 2014
 Layka, a military service dog wounded in Afghanistan andfeatured on the
June cover of National Geographicmagazine, has a new career: free-fall
equipment tester. The Belgian Malinois was recently selected to test a
specially designed canine combat vest, and her skydive was captured in the
above video.

9.  The role of dogs in the U.S. military has been evolving since World War I. They have been used extensively in
Afghanistan and Iraq to protect troops by leading patrols and sniffing out explosives. Different vests have been
used over the years to help protect the dogs during combat, but handlers found that some of the heavier vests
caused the dogs to overheat.
 In recent years, the company Hardpoint Technologies, working with the special operations community, has been
working on a vest designed to improve a military dog's performance and safety. Hardpoint developed a
lightweight, multipurpose canine work vest that can be used across a range of military missions, from patrol to
detection.
 Layka tested the vest in a parachute jump last month. The vest is equipped with convenient straps and handles
so that troops can easily carry a dog or even "wear" it as a backpack. It also has multiple access points to attach
leashes, and pockets that can carry ice packs to help cool the dogs in hot climates. The vest also serves as a
harness for tandem parachute jumps with a handler.

10.  While in Afghanistan, Layka was shot by enemy forces during a search operation.
But she managed to attack the shooter and protect her handler, Staff Sgt. Julian
McDonald, who later adopted her. The dog had to have a limb amputated and is
now retired from military service.
 The All Veteran Group, a team of combat veterans who apply their military skills to
the civilian world, organized Layka's jump. Group president and founder Mike
Elliott, who has also accompanied former President George H. W. Bush on
tandem jumps, accompanied Layka and Sergeant McDonald on their jump. (On
Thursday morning, Elliott made another tandem jump with President Bush in
honor of his 90th birthday.)

11.  "I was truly impressed with Layka," Elliott says. "She was very calm, very
disciplined." When the airplane doors opened, Layka got a little fidgety, he said,
which is typical of both people and dogs. But once in the air skydiving, she was
calm.
 To learn more about war dogs and their role in military operations, read National
Geographic magazine's June cover story "The Dogs of War"and our online
coverage, including "War Dog Helps Family Cope" and aseries of historical war
dog stories.

12. Siberian Husky the "Snow Dog"
Huskies are very active and
energetic.That’s why,they were
used to pull heavy loads long
distances through difficult
conditions in the past.Also, In
Alaska and Canada,people used
them as sled dogs but nowadays
they have the status of family pets
and show dogs.

13. Therapy Dogs
 A therapy dog is a dog trained to provide affection and comfort to people in hospitals,retirement
homes, nursing homes, schools, disaster areas, and to people with learning difficulties.
 Golden Retrievers are often used as therapy dogs due to their calm demeanor, gentle disposition, and
friendliness to strangers.

14. The First Therapy Dog,SMOKY
 During World War II, Corporal William Wynne found an adult, female Yorkshire
Terrierabandoned on the battlefield; he named the dog Smoky. Smoky began as a
therapy dog when Wynne was hospitalized for a jungle disease. As Wynne
recovered, his friends brought Smoky to the hospital to cheer the soldier up.
Smoky immediately became popular with the other wounded soldiers. The
commanding officer, Dr. Charles Mayo (of the Mayo Clinic), allowed Smoky to go
on ward rounds and also to sleep with Wynne on his hospital bed. Smoky’s use
as a therapy dog continued for 12 years, during and after World War

15.  The systematic use of therapy dogs is attributed to Elaine Smith[citation needed], who
worked as a registered nurse. Smith noticed how well patients responded to visits
by a chaplain and his Golden Retriever. In 1976, Smith started a program for
training dogs to visit institutions. Other health care professionals noticed the
therapeutic effect of animal companionship, such as relieving stress, lowering
blood pressure, and raising mood, and the demand for therapy dogs continued to
grow. In recent years, therapy dogs have been enlisted to help children overcome
speech and emotional disorders.

16.  In 1982, Nancy Stanley founded Tender Loving Zoo (TLZ), a non-profit organization that
introduced animal therapy to severely disabled children and convalescent hospitals for the elderly.
She got the idea while working at the Los Angeles Zoo, where she noticed how disabled visitors
responded eagerly to animals. She researched the beneficial effects that animals can have on
patients and then began taking her pet miniature poodle, Freeway, to the Revere Developmental
Center for the severely disabled.[citation needed]
 Inspired by the response of the patients and the encouragement of the staff, she bought a van,
recruited helpers and persuaded a pet store to lend baby animals. Soon requests for TLZ visits
were coming from schools, hospitals and convalescent homes throughout the county. Partly as a
result of Stanley's work, the concept of dog-therapy has broadened to "animal-assisted therapy" or
"pet therapy", including many other species, such as therapy cats, therapy rabbits and therapy
birds.[1]
 Benefits[edit]

17.  Research indicates that interaction with therapy dogs can temporarily affect the
release of various neurotransmitters in the brain; levels of oxytocin (linked with
bonding) and dopamine(involved in the reward-motivation system) are increased,
while cortisol levels (an immunosuppressant associated with stress) are
decreased.[2]
 One example of the use of therapy dogs is the building of self-confidence. Many
children have difficulties reading. As a result, they can develop low self-esteem
when reading in public. By reading to a dog, children relax and focus on the dog
and 'the reading', therefore building self-confidence.[citation needed]

18. If you need information about TDI(Therapy Dogs International),you can
copy and paste the following website.
http://www.tdi-dog.org/OurPrograms.aspx?Page=Hospitals+(Children%27s)
 Some hospitals such as Phoenix Children's Hospital's provides an Animal-Assisted Therapy Program to
patients and their families for therapeutic purposes

19. Speaking Activity
 Questions
 1.Do you like dogs?Why?/Why not?
 2.Are dogs really man’s best friend?
 3.What kind of dogs do you like and dislike?
 4.Do you think dogs are the best kind of pet?
 5.Do you think dogs have a ood life?
 6.Are you afraid of dogs?If so,why?/If not,do you know anyone who is
afraid of dogs?Why do you think he/she is afraid of dogs?

20. Questions
 What do you think of dogs that bark non-stop?
 Do you think people spend too much money on dogs?
 In what ways are dogs helpful to humans?
 Are there many abandoned dogs in your town?
 What do you think of the abandoned dogs?
 Do you believe in the excuses of people who abandon their pet dogs?
 What do you think about the concept of dog-therapy?

21.  Do you know any other kind of pets that can
assist therapy?If you do,
 Please tell as how they are used as therapy
pets?