study of blood, diagnose, treatment and prevention of blood disease

1. By WONG PEIYIN (Charissa) BSN,SRN

2. OBJECTIVE
• DEFINITION
• TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
• COMMONTYPESOF BLOOD CANCER
• SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• DIAGNOSTICTEST
• TREATMENT
• NURSING CARE PLAN

3. HAEMATO-ONCOLOGY
• Haematology- study of blood, diagnose, treatment and prevention of
blood disease.
• Oncology- Cancer and research into them
Haemato-oncology
(Blood Cancer)
Thalassemia
Sickle cell
disease
leukaemia
lymphoma
Myeloma

4. Three major types of blood cancer:
Leukaemia
Lymphoma
Myeloma That occur in plasma cells in the
bone marrow
A group of different blood
cancers of the bone marrow.
They cause large numbers of
abnormal blood cells to enter
the bloodstream.
Lymphomas are cancers of the
immune system cells.

6. BLOOD CANCER SYMTOMPS

9. DIAGNOSTICTEST
• Physical Exam- the physician assesses for blood cancer signs such as pale skin,
swollen lymph nodes, enlargement of the liver and spleen.
• Blood tests- full blood count (FBC) - blood cells use to detect abnormal
amount of type of blood cells
• Blood protein test (electrophoresis) - to examine various proteins in blood can
aid in detecting certain abnormal immune system proteins (immunoglobulins)
that are sometimes elevated in people with multiple myeloma.
• Bone marrow biopsy – to check abnormal blood cells
• Diagnostic imaging tests (PET) scans - used in diagnose staging blood cancer

10. Treatment for patients with Blood Cancer
• Chemotherapy
• Other drug therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Bone marrow transplant
• Plasmapheresis
• Watchful waiting

11. NURSING CARE PLAN
• Risk for Infection
• Acute Pain
• Activity Intolerance

12. RISK OF INFECTION
Inadequate secondary defenses
 Place in a private room
 Good hand washing protocol for personnel and visitors.
 Closely monitor temperature.
 Change IV tubing according to protocol and strict sterile technique
 Encourage increased intake of foods high in protein and fluids with adequate
fiber.

13. ACUTE PAIN
Physical agents (enlarged organs/lymph nodes,
bone marrow packed with leukemic cells)
Chemical agents (chemotherapy treatments)
• Monitor pain. Note changes in pain score scale of 0–10 and site.
• Provide quiet environment and reduce stressful stimuli.
• Reposition and assist with gentle ROM exercises.
• Provide comfort measures (massage, cool packs) and psychological support.
• Administer medications as indicated, Analgesics, Opioids, Antianxiety
agents

14. ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE
Generalized weakness,
Imbalance between oxygen supply
oEvaluate reports of fatigue, inability to participate in activities or ADLs.
oProvide quiet environment and encourage rest periods before meals.
oRecommend high-protein meals and snacks throughout the day.
oEncourage patient to keep a diary of daily routines and energy levels, noting
activities that increase fatigue.
oPractice energy-saving techniques (sitting rather than standing, use of
shower chair). Assist with ambulation and other activities as indicated.

15. THANK YOU