Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation through autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine signaling mechanisms. Signaling may occur directly in the same cell producing the factor, between adjacent cells, or over greater distances. The greatest glory is not in never falling but in rising every time we fall.

1. Growth Factors
Dr. Sobia Khalid

2. • Most growth factors are proteins that
stimulate the survival and proliferation of
particular cells, and may also promote
migration,differentiation, and other cellular
responses.

6. Signaling Mechanisms of Growth
Factor Receptors
• Signaling may occur directly in the same cell
that produces the factor (autocrine signaling),
between adjacent cells (paracrine signaling),
or over greater distances (endocrine
signaling).

9. OUR GREATEST GLORY IS NOT IN
NEVER FALLING BUT IN RISING
EVERY TIME WE FALL.