2. Part I Understanding the
Teaching Profession
Overview:
Considers the climate in which
teachers work today and its impact
in teaching. Changes in the job
market and in the status of the
profession, issues such as teacher
empowerment and merit pay and
recommendations for improving the
quality of the teaching force.
3. Topics to be Discussed:
1. Teaching Profession
2. Motivation, Status and
Preparation
4. “ A great TEACHER give
their students Roots and
Wings”
5. Teachers…
Teachers are the shadows of parents
showing love and seldom
admonishing, reaching out to be
creators narrating noble deeds, like a
goldsmith hammering to enrich skills
and molding tiny pots to perfection.
7. Teachers…
A good teacher is the one who
give their students roots and
wings. Roots to know where
home is, Wings to fly away and
exercise what is being taught to
them.
8. Teachers…
The duty of every teacher is to
shape the future of the child in
the four walls of the
classrooms. A good teacher is
remembered for his/her
service in the days to come.
9. Teaching…
• Teaching is not a job, it is a
noble service. A teacher is
always looked up as guide.
• Teaching will become
meaningful when it is done
with love and affection.
10. Teaching…
• It is a commitment to human
lives.
• It is a way of life that requires
lots of sacrifice.
• It is a MINISTRY, needs your
whole heart service.
11. A sense of
fulfillment…
• Doing a job brings in money,
prestige and security that it
cannot give fulfilment.
• Teaching Profession gives a
sense of fulfilment in life.
• It gives inner satisfaction and
healing.
12. A sense of
fulfillment…
• Its makes you feel proud
that your contribution to
that society growth.
• It gives you respect and
reverence for the service
you do.
13. Dedication is the
hallmark…
• Love your teaching ministry
first of all.
• Your teaching will become
effective when you do with
dedication.
• Do all the works with interest.
14. Dedication is the
hallmark…
• Treat every child equal.
• Be a teacher who cares for
every child.
• Dedication to work will make
you easy and children will
affectionate to you.
15. Be ready to learn…
• A teacher must be ready to learn
from children anything that is
new.
• Let every class be with
information shared both by the
teacher and students which is
new. Learning will become
interesting.
16. Be ready to learn…
• Accept your mistakes
gladly and rectify the
wrongs.
• Be a loving teacher who
understands children
needs.
17. Discover yourself…
• A teacher must be ready to
discover newness in
teaching.
• Make your class interesting
with creative ways.
19. Be a role model…
• Young generation today
look for role models in life.
You being a teacher be a
role model who inspires
the young hearts.
20. Be a role model…
• Children are imitators
and not interpreters.
21. Slow learners first…
A teacher must be ready to walk
extra miles with the slow
learners, be patient and teach
them. They will have a great
regards for you as they grow up
than the best learners.
22. Be the force…
The teaching profession must create in
hearts of every teacher that you make
every students to be future oriented,
academically proficient, morally upright
and socially responsible, culture and
heritage sensitive and promoters of a
better environment.
23. Nature of Teaching
Teaching- is a process that
facilitates learning.
Teaching is the specialized
application of knowledge, skills
and attributes designed to provide
unique service to meet the
educational needs of the
individual and the society.
24. Nature of Teaching
Teaching emphasizes the
development of values and guides
students in their social
relationships.
25. What is a Profession?
A profession is an occupation
that involves specialized training
and formal qualification before
one is allowed to practice or
work.
26. Who is a Professional?
•A formal qualification (university or college diploma,
degree) gained over time.
•Specialized Knowledge (e.g. teaching secondary
Mathematics)
•License or permission to practice
•Exhibits high agreed standards of behavior and
practice
•Someone with high personal standards and values
27.
28. What is Motivation?
Motivation is the word derived from
the word “motive” which means
needs, desires, wants or drives within
the individuals. It is the process of
stimulating people to actions to
accomplish the goals.
30. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation refers to
behavior that is driven by external
rewards such as money, fame,
grades, and praise. This type of
motivation arises from outside the
individual, as opposed to Intrinsic
motivation, which originates
inside of the individual.
31. Motivation Theories
1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological: Physical survival necessities such as food, water,
and shelter.
Safety: Protection from threats, deprivation, and other dangers.
Social (belongingness and love): The need for association,
affiliation, friendship, and so on.
Self-esteem: The need for respect and recognition.
Self-actualization: The opportunity for personal development,
learning, and fun/creative/challenging work.
34. Hertzberg’s two factor theory
Hygiene factors are needed to make
sure that an employee is not
dissatisfied. Motivation factors are
needed for ensuring employee's
satisfaction and employee’s motivation
for higher performance. Mere
presence of hygiene factors does not
guarantee motivation, and presence of
motivation factors in the absence of
hygiene factors also does not work.
35. 3. McClelland’s theory of needs
The three motivators are:
Achievement: a need to accomplish and demonstrate own
competence. People with a high need for achievement prefer
tasks that provide for personal responsibility and results based on
their own efforts. They also prefer quick acknowledgement of
their progress.
Affiliation: a need for love, belonging and social acceptance.
People with a high need for affiliation are motivated by being liked
and accepted by others. They tend to participate in social
gatherings and may be uncomfortable with conflict.
Power: a need for control own work or the work of others People
with a high need for power desire situations in which they exercise
power and influence over others. They aspire for positions with
status and authority and tend to be more concerned about their
level of influence than about effective work performance.
36. 4. Vroom’s theory of
expectancy
Victor Vroom stated that people will be highly
productive and motivated if two conditions are
met: 1) people believe it is likely that their
efforts will lead to successful results and 2)
those people also believe they will be rewarded
for their success.
People will be motivated to exert a high level
of effort when they believe there are
relationships between the efforts they put
forth, the performance they achieve, and the
outcomes/ rewards they receive.
37. 5. McGregor’s theory X and
theory Y
Theory X: The traditional view of the work force
holds that workers are inherently lazy, self-
centered, and lacking ambition. Therefore, an
appropriate management style is strong, top-
down control.
Theory Y: This view postulates that workers are
inherently motivated and eager to accept
responsibility. An appropriate management style
is to focus on creating a productive work
environment coupled with positive rewards and
reinforcement.
38. In conclusion…
Motivation is the state of
mind which pushes all human
being to perform things with
the highest spirit and with
positivity. The leader will have
to ensure that every individual
in the team and the
organization is motivated. The
various motivation theories
helps in understanding what
will motivate people.
39.
40. Factors which undermine the
status of the teaching profession:
Discipline and behavioural
issue are the primary factors
undermining the appeal of
teaching as a career.
41. How can a status of a
teacher improve?
To raising teacher status through
professional recognition. Those
skeptics who often sit on school
boards that teachers can be
interested in what they can get.
42. The problems faced by board
members, great utilization of
the talents and skills of the
profession staff.
43. Current Status of a
Teacher
• Teacher is costly but neglected
resource.
• Teaching career often opted not by
choice.
• Teacher lacks motivation and
suffers from low self- esteem.
44. Current Status of a
Teacher
• Current contact appointments lacks
vision.
• Good teachers are hard to come
by.
• Stereo type teacher fails to
enthuse.
• Lack of opportunities lead to
obsolescence.
45. Current Status of a
Teacher
Teachers considered teaching
to be highly controlled and
under- rewarded compared
with a high status profession.
46. Current Status of a
Teacher
One in three of the general public
regarded both primary and
secondary teachers as equivalent
in social status to social workers,
and head teachers to management
consultants.
47.
48. Introduction…
Teaching is considered both as an art and a
science. It is an art in the science of being
an activity. Which is practiced with suite
and it is a science in the same sense that
the activity can be based on a body of
systematically derived knowledge. Teaching
is a social phenomenon where in learning is
a social phenomenon where in learning is a
psychological phenomenon. Teaching is
system of actions designed and integrated
to bring about learning.
49. Introduction…
To understand how teachers are
prepared, it is necessary to understand
not only the nature of the education they
receive in formal programs, but also the
boarder pathways through which they
can enter the profession, which general
include some kind of teaching
experience.
50. Purposes Of Good
Teaching
Immediate mastery over the subject with its related
skills is important, but advancement toward growth in
all spheres of the human personify.
Development of whole some personality (changing
habits, attitudes, reconstituting ideas and changing
interests) of the learner.
Acquire, retain and be able to use knowledge.
Understand, analyze, synthesize and evaluate the
knowledge.
Achieve skills.
Establish habits.
Develop attitudes.
51. Teaching Method
i. A teaching method stands for the effective
presentation of the specific contents of a
subject in such a way as may be properly
grasped and understood by the students.
ii. The term method, relatively an old term,
is related with pedagogy.
iii. The nature of the subject matter decides
the selection of a method for caring out
teaching task.
52. Teaching Method
iv. The effectiveness of a teaching method is
evaluated in terms of mastery over the subject
matter by achievement tests.
v. In a teaching method, emphasis is laid over
the teaching steps taken for the proper
presentation of the subject matter.
vi. The steps taken in teaching methods are
quite rigid and fixed.
vii. A teaching method may make use of
teaching technique and aid materials for its
effective.
53. Component Of Teaching Skills Associated With
Different Stages Of A Lesson
Stages of a Lesson Component of Teaching Skills
1. Planning Stage
2. Introductory Stage
1.Writing instructional objectives.
2. Selecting the content.
3. Organizing the content.
4. Selection of the audio-visual
aids material.
5. Creating set for introducing the
lesson.
6.Introducing the lesson a
Questioning skills.
54. Component Of Teaching Skills Associated
With Different Stages Of A Lesson
Stages of a Lesson Component of Teaching Skills
3. Presentation Stage 7. Structuring class room question
8. Fluency in questioning.
9. Probing questions.
10.Questions-deliveryand
Distribution 11. The use of higher
order questions 12. Lecturing
13. Explaining
14. Discussing
15.Demonstrating
55. Component Of Teaching Skills Associated
With Different Stages Of A Lesson
Stages of a Lesson Component of Teaching Skills
16. Illustration with examples
17. use teaching aids
18. Stimulation variation.
19. Silence and non-verbal cues
20. Reinforcement
C. Managerial skills.
21. Promoting public participation
22. Recognizing of the class
23. Management of the class.
56. Component Of Teaching Skills Associated
With Different Stages Of A Lesson
Stages of a Lesson Component of Teaching Skills
4. Closing Stage 24. Achieving closure
25. Planned repetition
26. Giving assignments
27. Evaluating pupils
progress
28. Diagnosing pupil hearing
difficulties and taking
remedial
57. Preparation To Teacher
Preparation for teaching involves classroom
experiences to acquire the competencies previously
identified.
The experiences may be acquired in teacher
education or teacher preparation courses.
Teaching institutes, Continuing Education, working as
a teaching assistant, and orientation programs are
other ways of becoming Prepared to teacher.
Preparation for and expectation of experience and
teaching competencies for appointment depends on
the mission of the college or university and the school.
58. Teacher Preparation In
Classroom Management
Preparation programs should focus on the
following two recommendations.
Provide teacher candidates with instructional
approaches for classroom management
through course work and guided practice with
feed back.
Address the challenges facing teacher
candidates and new teachers in creating a
positive class room context.
59. Instructional Approaches
For Classroom
Management
Instructional material that students find educationally
relevant
A planned, sequential order that is logically related to
skill development at student’s instructional level.
Frequent opportunities for students to respond to
academic tasks. For example, the use of response
cards, choral responding and peer tutoring are ways to
increase such opportunities.
Guided practice.
Immediate feedback and error correction.
One is called Extrinsic Motivation. Another one is known Intrinsic Motivation.
Abraham Maslow postulated that a person will be motivated when his needs are fulfilled. The need starts from the lowest level basic needs and keeps moving up as a lower level need is fulfilled.
Self- actualization is the highest level need to which a human being can aspire.
Hertzberg classified the needs into two broad categories namely hygiene factors and motivating factors.
McClelland affirms that we all have three motivating drivers, and it does not depend on our gender or age. One of these drives will be dominant in our behavior. The dominant drive depends on our life experiences.
Douglas McGregor formulated two distinct views of human being based on participation of workers.
The first is basically negative, labelled as Theory X, and the other is basically positive, labelled as Theory Y. Both kinds of people exist. Based on their nature they need to be managed accordingly.
