Preventing in advent exposure of X-rays

1. PREVENTING INADVERTENT EXPOSURE
WHY,HOW,WHEN.

2. • FACTORS CONSIDERED WHEN EXPOSING A
PATIENT
• MEANING OF INADVERTENT EXPOSURE
• CONDITIONS CONSIDERED WHEN EXPOSING
• WHAT IS AN EMBRYO?
• DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EMBRYO AND
FOETUS
• HOW TO PREVENT INADVERENT EXPOSURE
• WHY TO PREVENT INADVERTENT EXPOSURE
• WHEN TO PREVENT INADVERTENT EXPOSURE
• REFERENCES

3. • The amount of damage that exposure to
radiation depends on several factors,
Incluing:
• 1). The type of Radiation
• 2). The dose (amount) of Radiation
• 3). How you were exposed, Such as
through Skin contact, Swallowing or
Breatthing it in, Or having rays pass
through the body.

4. Inadvertent exposure is an exposure that does not
result from or achieved through deliberate
planning.
• An exposure is considered inadvertent when the
radiation dose is non advantageous… of course
the source of an exposure comes from ionizing
radiation..
• All humans are constantly exposed to ionizing
radiation
• In the aspect of diagnostic radiography the
Specialist uses REM OR SIEVERT to describe the
amount of radiation dose someone will received
thereof… So the amount of radaition one receive
can be advantageous if it clinically justified.. That
when the risk outweighs the benefits.

6. • CHOOSING THE DIRECTION OF THE
PRIMARY BEAM SO THAT IT IS AS FAR
AWAY FROM THE FOETUS AS
POSSIBLE
• RESTRICTING THE X-RAY BEAM SIZE
TO BEING SMALL AS IT IS
NECCESSARY FOR ALL CLINICAL
PURPOSE
• SELECTING APPROPRIATE EXPOSURE
FACTORS

7. • To minimize the possible exposure to an
embryo in the earliest day of a pregnancy,
a guideline known as the 10-day rule was
recommended by a number of advisory
agencies.
• THIS RULE WAS RECOMMENDED BY
NHRMS ( NATIONAL HEALTH AND
MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL) IN
1964

8. • The human embryo is sensitive to ionizing
radiation at doses greater than 0.1GY
depending on the stage of fetal
development, which also affects the
mother when the exposure dose is greater
than 0.5GY.
• The consequences can include growth
restriction, malformation, impaired brain
function, and cancer which is a genetic
mutation which can lead to congenital
growth.

10. • BETWEEN TWO WEEKS AND
EIGHTEENETH WEEK OF PREGNANCY,
THE FOETUS ARE SENSITIVE TO
RADIATIONS

11. • RADIATION IS CONSIDERED INADVERTENT WHEN
IT IS NOT CLINICALLY JUSTIFIED I.E WHEN THE
RISK OUTWEIGH THE BENEFIT.
• THE MEDICAL EXPOSURES DIRECTIVE REQUIRES
THAT ALL MEDICAL EXPOSURES TO IONISING
RADIATION MUST BE JUSTIFIED PRIOR TO THE
EXPOSURE BEING MADE.
• IN CONCLUSION, MEDICAL PERSONNEL SUCH AS
THE RADIOGRAPHERS AND RADIOLOGIST PLAY AN
IMPORTANT ROLE IN ENQUIRING FROM FEMALE
PATIENTS WHO ARE OF CHILD BEARING AGE TO
CONFIRM STATUS OF PREGNANCY . THE
OBJECTIVE IS BASICALLY TO LIMIT OR RATHER TO
AVOID IRRADIATING THE FOETUS IN ITS EARLY
STAGES OF LIFE DUE TO THE BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS WHETHER DETERMINISTICS OR