The document analyzes the relationship between stock returns of different industries in Shanghai and air quality. It finds that air quality, particularly PM2.5 levels, has a significant effect on stock returns. Higher PM2.5 is associated with higher returns for heavy industry stocks but lower returns for the overall stock market. Certain pollutants like SO2 and NO2 increased the probability of positive returns for specific heavy industry companies.
Team Alpha created forecasts for gasoline demand in the United States through 2017 using two different methods:
1. A cross-sectional regression model that related gasoline consumption to economic factors like income, unemployment, and gas prices. This model projected demand to be 3.49 billion barrels in 2015, 3.56 billion in 2016, and 3.60 billion in 2017.
2. An economic time-series model using monthly gasoline consumption data from 1976 to 2014. This model related consumption to gas prices and disposable income and projected demand to be 3.51 billion barrels in 2015, 3.64 billion in 2016, and 3.67 billion in 2017.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses a research project analyzing the relationship between stock performance and air pollution in Shanghai from 2012-2014. It examines stocks from heavy industry and environmentally-friendly industries, comparing stock returns to air quality measures like PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and SO2. The research found statistically significant relationships between worsening air quality and lower stock returns, especially for heavy industry stocks, though some limitations like omitted variables were noted.
This document outlines a proposed framework for determining and illustrating the interactions among multiple changes in construction projects. The framework is based on the theory of negative synergy, where interactions between changes can have a self-destructive relationship resulting in cumulative impacts greater than the individual changes. The framework involves identifying significant changes, determining their effects, isolating common and causal effects, and illustrating interactions. The framework is applied and tested in three case studies of construction projects, which demonstrate various interactions between changes.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND THERMAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF DRY PROCESSIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study and thermal modeling of the dry electric discharge machining (EDM) process. The study aims to develop a dry EDM setup using compressed air as the dielectric medium. Experiments are conducted using a Taguchi design of experiments to analyze how process parameters like current, pulse-on time, and air pressure impact responses like material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness. Results show that pulse-on time most significantly impacts material removal rate while current and pulse-on time significantly impact tool wear rate. The study concludes that dry EDM can improve surface quality and machining rates compared to conventional EDM. Future work will optimize multiple responses using grey relational analysis.
This document discusses using design of experiments (DOE) in industries. It provides an overview of why DOE is used and how it can help industries. It then presents two case studies as examples - one on using DOE to optimize a pet food manufacturing process, and another on using DOE to determine factors affecting gain in an earphone. The pet food case study identifies problems with product loss during drying, conducts a designed experiment to analyze factors, and concludes by making suggestions based on results. The earphone case study similarly identifies factors, conducts an experiment, analyzes results, and presents conclusions on how to increase gain. The document demonstrates how DOE can be applied to optimize industrial processes.
Prediction of Air Quality Influential Factors with AtmosphericAir Present Pol...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using multiple regression analysis to predict air quality factors based on atmospheric pollutant data from an Italian city. The study uses hourly concentration data for CO, hydrocarbons, benzene, nitrogen oxides, and nitrogen dioxide from 2004-2005. Regression coefficients are estimated to determine how variables correlate with each other. Evaluation metrics like R-squared and adjusted R-squared are calculated, and actual vs predicted values are graphed. The results show the regression model can effectively predict air quality factors based on pollutant concentrations. Future work could involve using deep learning on real-time data.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF VYTILA’S WATCH TOWER INTO AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEMIRJET Journal
This document discusses a student project that aims to design Vytila's traffic watch tower in Kerala, India to also function as an air purification tower. It begins with an introduction on air pollution issues in India. The objectives are then outlined which include collecting air quality data, designing 3D models of the tower, and structuring the design. Next, the methodology, current air quality data from various sources, and emissions standards are presented. The document provides a detailed analysis of air pollution levels and causes in Kerala, with Thiruvananthapuram being the only city currently monitored. The goal of the project is to help address outdoor air pollution issues in the area through retrofitting the existing watch tower.
The document discusses changes to LEED 2009 related to modeling and energy savings certification. Key changes include new prerequisites and options for minimum energy performance, increased emphasis on on-site renewable energy and measurement/verification of energy savings. Prescriptive compliance paths now reference the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides and Core Performance Guide.
Team Alpha created forecasts for gasoline demand in the United States through 2017 using two different methods:
1. A cross-sectional regression model that related gasoline consumption to economic factors like income, unemployment, and gas prices. This model projected demand to be 3.49 billion barrels in 2015, 3.56 billion in 2016, and 3.60 billion in 2017.
2. An economic time-series model using monthly gasoline consumption data from 1976 to 2014. This model related consumption to gas prices and disposable income and projected demand to be 3.51 billion barrels in 2015, 3.64 billion in 2016, and 3.67 billion in 2017.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses a research project analyzing the relationship between stock performance and air pollution in Shanghai from 2012-2014. It examines stocks from heavy industry and environmentally-friendly industries, comparing stock returns to air quality measures like PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and SO2. The research found statistically significant relationships between worsening air quality and lower stock returns, especially for heavy industry stocks, though some limitations like omitted variables were noted.
This document outlines a proposed framework for determining and illustrating the interactions among multiple changes in construction projects. The framework is based on the theory of negative synergy, where interactions between changes can have a self-destructive relationship resulting in cumulative impacts greater than the individual changes. The framework involves identifying significant changes, determining their effects, isolating common and causal effects, and illustrating interactions. The framework is applied and tested in three case studies of construction projects, which demonstrate various interactions between changes.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND THERMAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF DRY PROCESSIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study and thermal modeling of the dry electric discharge machining (EDM) process. The study aims to develop a dry EDM setup using compressed air as the dielectric medium. Experiments are conducted using a Taguchi design of experiments to analyze how process parameters like current, pulse-on time, and air pressure impact responses like material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness. Results show that pulse-on time most significantly impacts material removal rate while current and pulse-on time significantly impact tool wear rate. The study concludes that dry EDM can improve surface quality and machining rates compared to conventional EDM. Future work will optimize multiple responses using grey relational analysis.
This document discusses using design of experiments (DOE) in industries. It provides an overview of why DOE is used and how it can help industries. It then presents two case studies as examples - one on using DOE to optimize a pet food manufacturing process, and another on using DOE to determine factors affecting gain in an earphone. The pet food case study identifies problems with product loss during drying, conducts a designed experiment to analyze factors, and concludes by making suggestions based on results. The earphone case study similarly identifies factors, conducts an experiment, analyzes results, and presents conclusions on how to increase gain. The document demonstrates how DOE can be applied to optimize industrial processes.
Prediction of Air Quality Influential Factors with AtmosphericAir Present Pol...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using multiple regression analysis to predict air quality factors based on atmospheric pollutant data from an Italian city. The study uses hourly concentration data for CO, hydrocarbons, benzene, nitrogen oxides, and nitrogen dioxide from 2004-2005. Regression coefficients are estimated to determine how variables correlate with each other. Evaluation metrics like R-squared and adjusted R-squared are calculated, and actual vs predicted values are graphed. The results show the regression model can effectively predict air quality factors based on pollutant concentrations. Future work could involve using deep learning on real-time data.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF VYTILA’S WATCH TOWER INTO AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEMIRJET Journal
This document discusses a student project that aims to design Vytila's traffic watch tower in Kerala, India to also function as an air purification tower. It begins with an introduction on air pollution issues in India. The objectives are then outlined which include collecting air quality data, designing 3D models of the tower, and structuring the design. Next, the methodology, current air quality data from various sources, and emissions standards are presented. The document provides a detailed analysis of air pollution levels and causes in Kerala, with Thiruvananthapuram being the only city currently monitored. The goal of the project is to help address outdoor air pollution issues in the area through retrofitting the existing watch tower.
The document discusses changes to LEED 2009 related to modeling and energy savings certification. Key changes include new prerequisites and options for minimum energy performance, increased emphasis on on-site renewable energy and measurement/verification of energy savings. Prescriptive compliance paths now reference the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides and Core Performance Guide.
IRJET- Vehicular Exhaust Emission Estimation and Control ModellingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on modeling vehicular exhaust emissions and methods for controlling emissions. It discusses the health and environmental impacts of emissions such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Methods for estimating emissions include software models like MOBILE-6 and COPERT 4, which take parameters like vehicle type and speed to calculate emission rates. The document also reviews technologies for reducing emissions, such as three-way catalytic converters. Standards for air pollutants in India are outlined and motivation for studying emission control is discussed.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic VibratorIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a pneumatic vibrator. It discusses how pneumatic vibrators are used in various industries to solve material flow problems by applying vibration. The working principle is explained - compressed air is passed through a nozzle and hits the blades of an unbalanced mass mounted on a rotating shaft, producing vibration. Mild steel is used for fabrication due to its low cost and material properties. A 3D model of the pneumatic vibrator is created using SolidWorks software. The document concludes that pneumatic vibrators can make tasks safer, easier and more efficient by saving time and money.
IRJET - Invistigation and Implement of Six Sigma and Reduce Labour Cost a...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into implementing Six Sigma methods to reduce rejection rates and labor costs in a plastic injection molding process. It begins with an introduction to injection molding and Six Sigma. A case study of an Indian plastic parts manufacturer is presented, where the process was experiencing high rejection rates of 10%. Six Sigma methods were used to identify causes of defects like missing inserts. Solutions included adding a timer to the process logic controller to stop the process if inserts were missing. This reduced rejection rates to only 5% and saved an estimated Rs. 172,800 per year in labor costs by reducing downtime. In conclusion, Six Sigma implementation improved quality, productivity and profits for the company by minimizing variations and defects.
Australian indoor environment rating tools, and the future of building health...Michael Taranto
Presentation to AIRAH 2016 - The Future of HVAC
By Joe Scholz and Mark Graham, QED Environmental Services
Explains the link between indoor environment and productivity of office building occupants, and how this impacts tenants' bottom line.
Compares and contrasts tools for rating indoor environment: NABERS, Green Star Performance and Well Building Standard.
This document provides an overview and forecast of the LED market in India. It discusses the growth of the lighting industry in India from 2005 to 2011, with compound annual growth rates ranging from 9-17%. CFL usage grew rapidly from 20 million pieces in 2002 to an estimated 400 million pieces in 2011. The document also identifies barriers to LED adoption in India such as high costs, lack of standards and testing facilities, and an absence of manufacturing incentives. It provides recommendations to address these barriers including establishing a central institutional mechanism, aggregating demand to lower costs, mandating domestic manufacturing, and setting up a neutral testing facility. The focus areas discussed for LED adoption are downlights, street lights, and self-ballasted LED lamps. Draft
Optimization of Process Parameters of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used the Taguchi method to optimize the process parameters for wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of EN31 steel. The parameters examined were pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, and wire tension. Experiments were conducted based on an L9 orthogonal array to evaluate the effects of the parameters on machining time and surface roughness. The optimal parameter combinations for minimizing machining time were found to be pulse on time at the third level, pulse off time at the second level, peak current at the third level, and wire tension at the second level. The optimal parameters for minimizing surface roughness were pulse on time at the second level, pulse off time at the second level, peak
The document discusses retrofits, computer control, and energy efficiency in the fertilizer industry. It begins by introducing the course objectives and outcomes for a unit on fertilizer technology. It then discusses retrofits and modernization of fertilizer plants, the importance of computer control and instrumentation, and various methods for energy conservation and diversification in fertilizer production, such as improving heat recovery and process optimization. The document provides details on instrumentation, control systems, and the energy intensity of producing nitrogen-based fertilizers from natural gas.
Control Strategy of Flow Properties of Waxy Crude oil from Hegleig to Khartou...IRJET Journal
This document presents a control strategy for managing the flow properties of waxy crude oil being transported via pipeline from Hegleig to Khartoum Refinery, a distance of 250 km. The strategy uses a cascade control system with three loops at each station along the pipeline. Loop 1 controls additive rates with a proportional controller. Loops 2 and 3 form an inner-outer cascade, with viscosity as the master controller and temperature as the secondary controller. Transfer functions are determined and stability analysis is performed using various methods like Routh-Hurwitz, direct substitution, Ziegler-Nichols, and root locus. Tuning parameters obtained from the different methods agree well. Simulation shows the control system can achieve the desired process values
Analysis and Prediction of Air Quality in IndiaIRJET Journal
This document discusses analyzing and predicting air quality in India using machine learning algorithms. The authors collected air quality data from various Indian cities from 2018 to 2021, including levels of pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, and SO2. They analyzed trends over time and the impact of lockdowns. Different time series forecasting algorithms (ARIMA, Prophet, LSTM, ETS) were used to predict future air quality levels. ARIMA provided the best predictions. The analyses and predictions were developed into a dashboard application to visualize trends and comparisons of the different algorithms. The work provides a model for predicting air quality that can help identify heavily polluted regions and reverse air pollution in India
The Effect of Thermal Profiles on Cleanliness and Electrical PerformanceForesite
Thermal profiling during the reflow soldering process is important for producing reliable solder joints with low residue levels. A study examined the effects of varying the reflow thermal profile above and below the manufacturer's recommendations. Groups that were 10 degrees Celsius below or at the recommended profile showed poorer intermetallic formation and some failures. The group 10 degrees above produced the best intermetallic formation and acceptable cleanliness and reliability test results, though exceeding component limits. Proper thermal profiling is key for joint quality and cleanliness.
This document discusses using AI and IoT to create value through air quality modeling and forecasting. It presents the following key points:
1. Only a small percentage of data from IoT sensors is currently used, but using it for optimization and prediction can provide the greatest value.
2. The document uses air quality modeling as a test case, collecting data from various government and civilian air quality sensors to build models using gradient boosting and machine learning.
3. Initial models are tested on London and Taiwan data sets, showing improved performance when additional parameters like industrial emissions data are included.
4. The approach aims to provide reliable air quality forecasts at specific sensor locations to help address important environmental issues. Key
Biological Treatment Of petroleum Waste WateIRJET Journal
This document discusses biological treatment of petroleum wastewater. It begins with an abstract that outlines the high organic content of petroleum wastewater and describes biological treatment methods like suspended growth and attached growth processes. The document then provides details of the various unit processes involved in biological treatment like primary clarifiers, bioreactors, and secondary clarifiers. It includes process flow diagrams and performs material balances at each unit to quantify the mass flow of components like oil, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand entering and leaving the system. The goal is to analyze the biological treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater using process design tools like material balances.
Energy efficiency first – retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
IRJET- Productivity Improvement Kaizen of XC-60 HousingIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses improvements made to the productivity and quality of an aluminum die casting process for an XC-60 housing component through the application of Kaizen methodology.
2) Major defects identified through analysis of 100 samples included dents, blackmarks, failures of M4 gauge tests and slider fits. Changes to dies, fixtures, and processes reduced rejection rates for these defects.
3) Additional changes such as a pneumatic slider cutting fixture and optimized sanding procedures increased productivity from 87 to 128 units and reduced cycle times from 71 to 48 minutes by addressing bottlenecks in machining and trimming operations.
This document discusses implementing lean manufacturing principles in a die casting industry to eliminate waste. It begins with an introduction to lean manufacturing and its benefits. A case study is then presented of a die casting company facing high rejection rates from casting defects. Experts identify five major areas of waste - defects, inventory, excessive movement, delays, and inappropriate processing. A gap analysis is conducted between the company's current status and lean requirements. Experts develop an implementation approach based on cost, ease of removal, and effect on other areas. The approach will be divided into three phases to address the gaps and remove waste from the die casting process.
This document presents a case study on eliminating waste in the die casting industry through lean manufacturing. It identifies the major areas of waste as defects, inventory, excessive material movement, delays due to waiting, and inappropriate processing. An implementation plan is developed in three phases by analyzing the costs, ease of removal, and effects on other areas for generalized waste elimination provisions. Experts were consulted to identify the key root causes of waste in each area and their scores were used to prioritize provisions for each phase of implementation. The goal is to reduce lead times, costs, and increase capacity through a lean approach focused on continuous waste elimination.
This paper aims to construct capital input series for all sectors of the Chinese economy from 1949-2012 by addressing gaps and inconsistencies in the available data. The author develops investment flows and capital stock estimates using a perpetual inventory method approach with adjustments to the official data, including: standardizing industry classifications over time; transforming investment proxies; decomposing investments into asset types; and revising depreciation rates. Comparisons of the author's capital stock estimates to official statistics show differences, particularly for specific industries. The discussant provides suggestions for clarifying the objectives and perspective, updating terminology, and further examining certain methodological issues.
This document summarizes quality analysis data from the machine shop (HMC) of a leading manufacturing company. It includes process flow charts and data on turning, facing, milling and drilling operations with measurement charts and capability analysis. Key findings are that the current process efficiency is 55.24% and sigma level is 3.2, below the company's ISO standards. The document recommends upgrading machinery, implementing computer numerical control, hiring skilled workers, and following six sigma to improve quality and efficiency.
This document summarizes quality analysis results from Machine Shop (HMC) including turning, facing, milling and drilling data. Key findings are:
- Process efficiency is 55.24% with most time spent on operation (79 minutes) and inspection (30 minutes).
- Capability analysis shows Cp and Cpk values ranging from 0.574 to 1.66, indicating some processes are capable while others need improvement.
- Total monthly costs are 284,000 rupees with highest for electricity (150,000 rupees).
- Current sigma level is 3.2 based on defect parts per million, below the company's ISO 9001 certification level.
- Recommendations
IRJET- Vehicular Exhaust Emission Estimation and Control ModellingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on modeling vehicular exhaust emissions and methods for controlling emissions. It discusses the health and environmental impacts of emissions such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Methods for estimating emissions include software models like MOBILE-6 and COPERT 4, which take parameters like vehicle type and speed to calculate emission rates. The document also reviews technologies for reducing emissions, such as three-way catalytic converters. Standards for air pollutants in India are outlined and motivation for studying emission control is discussed.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic VibratorIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a pneumatic vibrator. It discusses how pneumatic vibrators are used in various industries to solve material flow problems by applying vibration. The working principle is explained - compressed air is passed through a nozzle and hits the blades of an unbalanced mass mounted on a rotating shaft, producing vibration. Mild steel is used for fabrication due to its low cost and material properties. A 3D model of the pneumatic vibrator is created using SolidWorks software. The document concludes that pneumatic vibrators can make tasks safer, easier and more efficient by saving time and money.
IRJET - Invistigation and Implement of Six Sigma and Reduce Labour Cost a...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into implementing Six Sigma methods to reduce rejection rates and labor costs in a plastic injection molding process. It begins with an introduction to injection molding and Six Sigma. A case study of an Indian plastic parts manufacturer is presented, where the process was experiencing high rejection rates of 10%. Six Sigma methods were used to identify causes of defects like missing inserts. Solutions included adding a timer to the process logic controller to stop the process if inserts were missing. This reduced rejection rates to only 5% and saved an estimated Rs. 172,800 per year in labor costs by reducing downtime. In conclusion, Six Sigma implementation improved quality, productivity and profits for the company by minimizing variations and defects.
Australian indoor environment rating tools, and the future of building health...Michael Taranto
Presentation to AIRAH 2016 - The Future of HVAC
By Joe Scholz and Mark Graham, QED Environmental Services
Explains the link between indoor environment and productivity of office building occupants, and how this impacts tenants' bottom line.
Compares and contrasts tools for rating indoor environment: NABERS, Green Star Performance and Well Building Standard.
This document provides an overview and forecast of the LED market in India. It discusses the growth of the lighting industry in India from 2005 to 2011, with compound annual growth rates ranging from 9-17%. CFL usage grew rapidly from 20 million pieces in 2002 to an estimated 400 million pieces in 2011. The document also identifies barriers to LED adoption in India such as high costs, lack of standards and testing facilities, and an absence of manufacturing incentives. It provides recommendations to address these barriers including establishing a central institutional mechanism, aggregating demand to lower costs, mandating domestic manufacturing, and setting up a neutral testing facility. The focus areas discussed for LED adoption are downlights, street lights, and self-ballasted LED lamps. Draft
Optimization of Process Parameters of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used the Taguchi method to optimize the process parameters for wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of EN31 steel. The parameters examined were pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, and wire tension. Experiments were conducted based on an L9 orthogonal array to evaluate the effects of the parameters on machining time and surface roughness. The optimal parameter combinations for minimizing machining time were found to be pulse on time at the third level, pulse off time at the second level, peak current at the third level, and wire tension at the second level. The optimal parameters for minimizing surface roughness were pulse on time at the second level, pulse off time at the second level, peak
The document discusses retrofits, computer control, and energy efficiency in the fertilizer industry. It begins by introducing the course objectives and outcomes for a unit on fertilizer technology. It then discusses retrofits and modernization of fertilizer plants, the importance of computer control and instrumentation, and various methods for energy conservation and diversification in fertilizer production, such as improving heat recovery and process optimization. The document provides details on instrumentation, control systems, and the energy intensity of producing nitrogen-based fertilizers from natural gas.
Control Strategy of Flow Properties of Waxy Crude oil from Hegleig to Khartou...IRJET Journal
This document presents a control strategy for managing the flow properties of waxy crude oil being transported via pipeline from Hegleig to Khartoum Refinery, a distance of 250 km. The strategy uses a cascade control system with three loops at each station along the pipeline. Loop 1 controls additive rates with a proportional controller. Loops 2 and 3 form an inner-outer cascade, with viscosity as the master controller and temperature as the secondary controller. Transfer functions are determined and stability analysis is performed using various methods like Routh-Hurwitz, direct substitution, Ziegler-Nichols, and root locus. Tuning parameters obtained from the different methods agree well. Simulation shows the control system can achieve the desired process values
Analysis and Prediction of Air Quality in IndiaIRJET Journal
This document discusses analyzing and predicting air quality in India using machine learning algorithms. The authors collected air quality data from various Indian cities from 2018 to 2021, including levels of pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, and SO2. They analyzed trends over time and the impact of lockdowns. Different time series forecasting algorithms (ARIMA, Prophet, LSTM, ETS) were used to predict future air quality levels. ARIMA provided the best predictions. The analyses and predictions were developed into a dashboard application to visualize trends and comparisons of the different algorithms. The work provides a model for predicting air quality that can help identify heavily polluted regions and reverse air pollution in India
The Effect of Thermal Profiles on Cleanliness and Electrical PerformanceForesite
Thermal profiling during the reflow soldering process is important for producing reliable solder joints with low residue levels. A study examined the effects of varying the reflow thermal profile above and below the manufacturer's recommendations. Groups that were 10 degrees Celsius below or at the recommended profile showed poorer intermetallic formation and some failures. The group 10 degrees above produced the best intermetallic formation and acceptable cleanliness and reliability test results, though exceeding component limits. Proper thermal profiling is key for joint quality and cleanliness.
This document discusses using AI and IoT to create value through air quality modeling and forecasting. It presents the following key points:
1. Only a small percentage of data from IoT sensors is currently used, but using it for optimization and prediction can provide the greatest value.
2. The document uses air quality modeling as a test case, collecting data from various government and civilian air quality sensors to build models using gradient boosting and machine learning.
3. Initial models are tested on London and Taiwan data sets, showing improved performance when additional parameters like industrial emissions data are included.
4. The approach aims to provide reliable air quality forecasts at specific sensor locations to help address important environmental issues. Key
Biological Treatment Of petroleum Waste WateIRJET Journal
This document discusses biological treatment of petroleum wastewater. It begins with an abstract that outlines the high organic content of petroleum wastewater and describes biological treatment methods like suspended growth and attached growth processes. The document then provides details of the various unit processes involved in biological treatment like primary clarifiers, bioreactors, and secondary clarifiers. It includes process flow diagrams and performs material balances at each unit to quantify the mass flow of components like oil, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand entering and leaving the system. The goal is to analyze the biological treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater using process design tools like material balances.
Energy efficiency first – retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
IRJET- Productivity Improvement Kaizen of XC-60 HousingIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses improvements made to the productivity and quality of an aluminum die casting process for an XC-60 housing component through the application of Kaizen methodology.
2) Major defects identified through analysis of 100 samples included dents, blackmarks, failures of M4 gauge tests and slider fits. Changes to dies, fixtures, and processes reduced rejection rates for these defects.
3) Additional changes such as a pneumatic slider cutting fixture and optimized sanding procedures increased productivity from 87 to 128 units and reduced cycle times from 71 to 48 minutes by addressing bottlenecks in machining and trimming operations.
This document discusses implementing lean manufacturing principles in a die casting industry to eliminate waste. It begins with an introduction to lean manufacturing and its benefits. A case study is then presented of a die casting company facing high rejection rates from casting defects. Experts identify five major areas of waste - defects, inventory, excessive movement, delays, and inappropriate processing. A gap analysis is conducted between the company's current status and lean requirements. Experts develop an implementation approach based on cost, ease of removal, and effect on other areas. The approach will be divided into three phases to address the gaps and remove waste from the die casting process.
This document presents a case study on eliminating waste in the die casting industry through lean manufacturing. It identifies the major areas of waste as defects, inventory, excessive material movement, delays due to waiting, and inappropriate processing. An implementation plan is developed in three phases by analyzing the costs, ease of removal, and effects on other areas for generalized waste elimination provisions. Experts were consulted to identify the key root causes of waste in each area and their scores were used to prioritize provisions for each phase of implementation. The goal is to reduce lead times, costs, and increase capacity through a lean approach focused on continuous waste elimination.
This paper aims to construct capital input series for all sectors of the Chinese economy from 1949-2012 by addressing gaps and inconsistencies in the available data. The author develops investment flows and capital stock estimates using a perpetual inventory method approach with adjustments to the official data, including: standardizing industry classifications over time; transforming investment proxies; decomposing investments into asset types; and revising depreciation rates. Comparisons of the author's capital stock estimates to official statistics show differences, particularly for specific industries. The discussant provides suggestions for clarifying the objectives and perspective, updating terminology, and further examining certain methodological issues.
This document summarizes quality analysis data from the machine shop (HMC) of a leading manufacturing company. It includes process flow charts and data on turning, facing, milling and drilling operations with measurement charts and capability analysis. Key findings are that the current process efficiency is 55.24% and sigma level is 3.2, below the company's ISO standards. The document recommends upgrading machinery, implementing computer numerical control, hiring skilled workers, and following six sigma to improve quality and efficiency.
This document summarizes quality analysis results from Machine Shop (HMC) including turning, facing, milling and drilling data. Key findings are:
- Process efficiency is 55.24% with most time spent on operation (79 minutes) and inspection (30 minutes).
- Capability analysis shows Cp and Cpk values ranging from 0.574 to 1.66, indicating some processes are capable while others need improvement.
- Total monthly costs are 284,000 rupees with highest for electricity (150,000 rupees).
- Current sigma level is 3.2 based on defect parts per million, below the company's ISO 9001 certification level.
- Recommendations
1. Stock performance and air pollution
Dingteng Huang
Shuang Liang
Nan Li
Puyi Fang
Yiwei Yan
2.
3. Rapid economic growth in Asia, especially in China.
• China is the world’s second largest economy
• GDP growth rate is about 7% in 2014
• ShangHai is the the economic center of China
• ShangHai Stock Exchange
Terrible air quality in China: especially Beijing and
ShangHai
• Most important air quality figures : PM 2.5
• Other parameter : PM10, SO2, NO2
• Influence on people work and life
Background
4. Object and Hypothesis
Object
• Observe and analyze the relationship between stock
returns of different industries and air quality in Shanghai
Hypothesis
• Air quality, especially PM 2.5 has a significant effect on
various stock returns.
• The more terrible the air quality is, the higher the stock
return in heavy industry.
5. Data Collection
Time period: 2012 -2015
Stock Price Data
• daily adjusted close prices of different industries
• Discrete and log returns of stock price
Air Quality Data
• Daily Average PM 2.5
• Daily Max PM 2.5
• Daily Average PM 10
• Daily Average SO2
• Daily Average NO2
6. Key Variables
Dependent Variable
• SSEDiscete-n is the discrete stock return of SSE
• SPCReturn is Shanghai petrochemical company stock return
• SHEReturn is Shanghai Electric Power stock return
• SPEReturn is Shanghai DaTun Energy Company stock return
• SEEPostive-n is a binary variable that equal 1 if SSE stock return is
positive, otherwise is zero
Independent Variables
• PM25Average is the Average daily figure of PM 2.5
• PM25Max is the highest PM 2.5 reached each day
• PM10 is the Average daily figure of PM 10
• SO2 is the Average daily figure of SO2
• NO2 is the Average daily figure of NO2
7. Key Variables
Seasonality
• Q2, Q3, Q4
• Represents the second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter of
a year respectively
• Dummy Variable
• Base group : Q1
• The seasonality has a significant impact on both stock price and
air quality
Unheal-25100
• Represents if PM 2.5 is greater than 100, it is unhealthy.
• Dummy Variable
8. • No previous research on the same topic
• First, we need to run every possible regression from all the variables
we have in order have a base data group.
• Co-linearity Problem
Research Logic
10. • Solution to Co-linearity Problem (orthogonalize)
– Regression PM2.5 vs. PM2.5Max
– Regression PM2.5 vs. PM10
– Use residuals to replace PM2.5Max and PM10
• 3 Stage filtering
Research Logic
Base
Regression
Group Advance
Regression
Group
Log vs. Simple
Lag 0 day vs.1day
vs. 3day
Final
Regression
Group
Drop and modify
Variables base on
F-test
11. • Same day simple return
• Shanghai Bao Steel Company daily return vs. PM2.5
• BaoReturn = 0.0002857 – 0.00153*PM2.5Averag + 0.001205*Q3 + 0.0037935*Q4 + μ
(0.0011943) (0.00153) (0.00137) (0.00133)
• F(3,721) = 2.91 significant at 95%
• Steel industry has always been a large source of pollutions historically
• that PM2.5 index has an negative impact on the return of Bao Steel
• showing the market’s reaction towards air pollution in Shanghai
Regression Analysis & Finding
13. • SSEDiscreteReturn =
-0.0016134 + 0.00507*S02 + 0. 00197*N02
(0.0011369) (0.00409) (0.00201)
+ +
+ 0.0013873*Q3 + 0.001821*Q4 – 0.0022324*UnhealthyPM2.5+ μ
(0.001049) (0.001087) (0.0011373)
-
• F-stat(5,710) of 2.10 which is significant at 94% confidence level.
• A negative beta of unhealthy PM 2.5 index, that is significant at 95%,
aligned with our hypothesis that, if the former day’s PM 2.5 index
exceed the healthy level, for the following day the return of SSE
Composite Index daily return will decrease by 0.22324%.
SSE Composite Index Return (000001.SS)
14. • SPCReturn = -0.0021294 + 0. 00975*PM10 + 0. 0083*NO2 –0.0045505*UnhealthyPM2.5+ μ
(0.0022307) (0.00578) (0.00449) (0.0026083)
+ + -
• F-stat(3,720) of 2.14 which is significant at 91% confidence level.
• A positive beta of PM 10 index and daily average NO2, that is significant
at 90% confidence level.
• For the following day, one mg/m3 increase in PM 10 will positively
impact the return of SPC daily return by 0. 975%
One 1 mg/m3 increases in NO2 will positively impact the return of SPC
daily
return by 0.83%.
• SPC is the largest petrochemical company located in Shanghai, which
engaged in production of ethylene, fiber, resin and plastics. One of main
pollution sources of NO2 and PM 10 in Shanghai are come from SPC.
Shanghai Petrochemical company
15. SHEReturn = -0.0045377 – 0.0037*PM2.5Max + 0.00299*PM10 + 0.01808*SO2
(0.0021054) (0.00447) (0.00433) (0.00709)
+0.00239*NO2 + 0.0034606*Q3 – 0.0060768*UnhealthyPM2.5 + μ
(0.00363) (0.0018325) (0.002122)
• F-stat(6,717) of 2.31 which is significant at 95% confidence level.
•A positive beta of SO2, that is significant at 99% confidence level (T-stat =
2.55), also a negative beta of Unhealthy PM 2.5 index(T-stat = -2.88), that is
significant at 99% confidence level.
• SHE is the largest electric power company located in Shanghai. The coal
burning plants are the biggest pollution source of PM2.5 and NO2. The biggest
coal consuming factory at Shanghai is the SHE company
Shanghai Electric Power Company
16. •PM2.5PortReturn =
0.0031607 + 0.00462*PM2.5 – 0.01482*SO2 – 0.0022936*Q2 + μ
(0.0021151) (0.00395) (0.001094) (0.0024741)
+ + -
This is the only model that the coefficient of SO2 is negative and the
intercept is a positive number.
PM2.5 Portfolio
18. Shanghai Electric Power (SHE)
Screening rules: |Z|>1.96, high confidence level
Daily average SO2, 96% confidence level
Increase the probability of positive return of SHE
by roughly G (0.15%) on the next trading day
19. Heavy industries portfolio
Screening rules: |Z|>1.96, high confidence level
Daily maximum PM 2.5 index, 80% confidence level
Increase the probability of positive return of our
portfolio by roughly G (0.58%) on the next trading day
20. SSE Composite Index Return
Screening rules: |Z|>1.96, high confidence level
Daily average NO2 , 85% confidence level
Increase the probability of positive return of SSE index
by roughly G (0.53%)
1. Rapid development of heavy industries
2. One of the most important economic lifeline
21. Environmental Friendly Portfolio
Screening rules: |Z|>1.96, high confidence level
Daily average PM 10 index, 98% confidence level
Increase the probability of positive return of our
portfolio by roughly G (0.98%) on the next trading day
Arouse the social concern on developing
environmental friendly enterprise
22.
23. • Air quality, especially PM 2.5 has a significant effect on
stock returns
• The stock performance is affected by the air quality during
the day or day before“3rd and 4th” quarter binary variable
has significant effect on the stock performance