Zambia's economy experienced periods of prosperity and decline following independence in 1964. In the early post-independence years, high copper prices supported economic growth. However, the nationalization of copper mines in the 1970s and rising oil prices hurt the economy. Economic reforms in the 1990s promoted privatization and entrepreneurship, boosting growth. While recent governments have invested in infrastructure, debt and the COVID-19 pandemic have posed challenges in recent years.
Zambia Economic Dilemma: Aid and Copper DependencyNeekunz Bhandari
This presentation briefly discusses Zambian's political and economic history and its relation to aid, and copper mining industries since its independence in 1964. The presentation, however, doesn't deal with policy implications adopted by the different governments including Kaunda's government till 1990.
Zambia accumulated a large amount of debt in the 1970s and 1980s as its economy declined due to falling copper prices and rising oil prices. By 2004, Zambia's debt amounted to $7.1 billion and 20% of GDP was spent on debt service each year. Catholic churches and other groups launched the Jubilee-Zambia debt forgiveness campaign to advocate for cancellation of Zambia's unbearable debt. Supported by this campaign, Zambia qualified for debt relief under the HIPC Initiative in 2005 and saw its foreign debt reduced to under $1 billion by 2006.
This document provides an overview of industrial development strategies in South Africa from the 1940s to present. It discusses policies and programs from apartheid like the Bantustan system, to post-apartheid initiatives such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme, Growth Employment and Redistribution policy, Black Economic Empowerment, Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment, National Development Plan, Spatial Development Initiatives, and Industrial Development Zones. Centralization and decentralization of industry is also examined.
The document provides a general overview of the economy in Sri Lanka from the time of Independence in 1948 to the Present era in terms of policy changes, the general affect on different regime changes on the economy and how they have molded the present situation in Sri Lanka in a macro economic perspective.
Implications of the colonial economic legacy on the prospects and future of e...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The document discusses how Nigeria can diversify its economy and financial system to lift itself out of recession. It argues that merely diversifying government revenue and production is inadequate, and that Nigeria must also diversify its financial system by officially recognizing Islamic finance through relevant legal and institutional changes. The document provides examples from Malaysia, the UK, US, Canada and South Africa of how embracing Islamic finance alongside conventional systems has supported economic growth and resilience against financial crises. Officially incorporating Islamic finance into Nigeria's financial system could similarly help create jobs, support entrepreneurship, and stabilize the economy through this difficult period.
The document discusses how Nigeria can diversify its economy and financial system to lift itself out of recession. It argues that merely diversifying government revenue is inadequate and that Nigeria must officially adopt Islamic finance by amending relevant acts and promoting Islamic banking departments. Embracing Islamic finance would allow entrepreneurship to thrive and address issues like high interest rates and non-performing loans fueling economic problems. Several examples of countries that successfully diversified their financial systems and economies through Islamic finance are provided, including Malaysia, the UK, US, Canada, and South Africa. The document advocates for Nigeria to similarly adopt dual conventional and Islamic banking systems to support economic growth and development.
The document summarizes Zimbabwe's plans to host the inaugural African Marketing Summit in 2014. It will be held in Zimbabwe from March 26-28, 2014 under the theme "Making Africa a Better Business Giant through Marketing." The summit is expected to bring hundreds of delegates from around the world to discuss sustainable development through business and marketing. Hosting the event is intended to promote Zimbabwe's local marketing industry and image of the country as a destination.
Zambia Economic Dilemma: Aid and Copper DependencyNeekunz Bhandari
This presentation briefly discusses Zambian's political and economic history and its relation to aid, and copper mining industries since its independence in 1964. The presentation, however, doesn't deal with policy implications adopted by the different governments including Kaunda's government till 1990.
Zambia accumulated a large amount of debt in the 1970s and 1980s as its economy declined due to falling copper prices and rising oil prices. By 2004, Zambia's debt amounted to $7.1 billion and 20% of GDP was spent on debt service each year. Catholic churches and other groups launched the Jubilee-Zambia debt forgiveness campaign to advocate for cancellation of Zambia's unbearable debt. Supported by this campaign, Zambia qualified for debt relief under the HIPC Initiative in 2005 and saw its foreign debt reduced to under $1 billion by 2006.
This document provides an overview of industrial development strategies in South Africa from the 1940s to present. It discusses policies and programs from apartheid like the Bantustan system, to post-apartheid initiatives such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme, Growth Employment and Redistribution policy, Black Economic Empowerment, Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment, National Development Plan, Spatial Development Initiatives, and Industrial Development Zones. Centralization and decentralization of industry is also examined.
The document provides a general overview of the economy in Sri Lanka from the time of Independence in 1948 to the Present era in terms of policy changes, the general affect on different regime changes on the economy and how they have molded the present situation in Sri Lanka in a macro economic perspective.
Implications of the colonial economic legacy on the prospects and future of e...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The document discusses how Nigeria can diversify its economy and financial system to lift itself out of recession. It argues that merely diversifying government revenue and production is inadequate, and that Nigeria must also diversify its financial system by officially recognizing Islamic finance through relevant legal and institutional changes. The document provides examples from Malaysia, the UK, US, Canada and South Africa of how embracing Islamic finance alongside conventional systems has supported economic growth and resilience against financial crises. Officially incorporating Islamic finance into Nigeria's financial system could similarly help create jobs, support entrepreneurship, and stabilize the economy through this difficult period.
The document discusses how Nigeria can diversify its economy and financial system to lift itself out of recession. It argues that merely diversifying government revenue is inadequate and that Nigeria must officially adopt Islamic finance by amending relevant acts and promoting Islamic banking departments. Embracing Islamic finance would allow entrepreneurship to thrive and address issues like high interest rates and non-performing loans fueling economic problems. Several examples of countries that successfully diversified their financial systems and economies through Islamic finance are provided, including Malaysia, the UK, US, Canada, and South Africa. The document advocates for Nigeria to similarly adopt dual conventional and Islamic banking systems to support economic growth and development.
The document summarizes Zimbabwe's plans to host the inaugural African Marketing Summit in 2014. It will be held in Zimbabwe from March 26-28, 2014 under the theme "Making Africa a Better Business Giant through Marketing." The summit is expected to bring hundreds of delegates from around the world to discuss sustainable development through business and marketing. Hosting the event is intended to promote Zimbabwe's local marketing industry and image of the country as a destination.
This year state nation adress by President ZumaAndile Njamela
This State of the Nation Address outlines South Africa's plans for massive infrastructure development to stimulate economic growth and job creation. Key aspects include:
- Developing rail, road, and water infrastructure in Limpopo and Mpumalanga centered around mining.
- Improving logistics through the Durban-Free State-Gauteng corridor.
- Developing infrastructure in the Eastern Cape to improve agriculture and exports.
- Expanding infrastructure in the North West.
- Improving infrastructure along the west coast to develop mining and industry.
- Investing in social infrastructure like healthcare facilities and universities.
- Extending basic services like housing, electricity, and water countrywide.
Zimbabwe Rising Conference London 2010 - Hon. Minister Tapiwa Mashakada: Doin...countryfactor
Doing Business in Zimbabwe - A critical assessment of the investment climate, opportunities, incentives and challenges for investors.Zimbabwe Rising Conference 2010- Hon. Minister Tapiwa Mashakada: Doing Business in Zimbabwe - A critical assessment of the investment climate, opportunities, incentives and challenges for investors.
Hypothetical presentation of my Finance and Investment Strategy 2019-2024. The presentation is increasing public awareness about the importance of understanding finance and investment and the challenges that Ministers of Finance encounter as they allocate resources. The presentation made me appreciate the efforts that the current Minister of Finance Prof Mthuli Ncube is doing in trying to stabilise the economy through the Transitional Stabilisation Program (TSP) from 2018-2020. Comments from the public are welcome.
This annual report summarizes the activities of The Presidency for the 2015/2016 financial year. Key points include:
- The Presidency worked to implement South Africa's National Development Plan and coordinate government efforts, with a focus on revitalizing the economy through the President's 9-Point Plan.
- The Presidency mobilized various sectors to support economic growth initiatives and convened meetings between government, business, and labor leaders.
- The Presidency also played a role in addressing national issues like student protests, attacks on foreigners, and impacts of new immigration regulations.
- National Orders ceremonies honored individuals who contributed to South Africa's freedom and democracy.
1. Zimbabwe was once a breadbasket exporting agricultural commodities but its economy has declined since 2000 due to lack of development assistance and low economic activity.
2. Domestic resource mobilization is now key for economic growth but faces challenges including low savings, capital flight, a large informal sector, and poor tax administration.
3. Improving domestic resource mobilization in Zimbabwe will require expanding the tax base through technologies like mobile money, rationalizing tax incentives, and improving tax collection and savings in the informal sector.
The document discusses the economic phenomenon known as "Dutch Disease" where the discovery and development of natural resources like oil and gas can negatively impact a country's economy. It provides examples of how countries like Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Netherlands have experienced Dutch Disease. Norway is presented as a rare example of a country that avoided major negative impacts through policies like establishing a sovereign wealth fund to invest revenue from oil and gas. The document calls for Suriname to extensively study successful and unsuccessful cases to develop strategies for managing its upcoming oil and gas industry and preventing Dutch Disease.
Banking Association presentation to Creative Economy conferenceYacoob Abba Omar
The document summarizes the challenges facing South Africa's economy, including slow growth, rising debt, and the impact of credit downgrades. It discusses how the budget allocates spending to social services but leaves little for investment. The document outlines short-term steps like ensuring policy continuity and long-term strategies like pursuing inclusive growth through sectors like tourism and the creative economy. It argues for mobilizing private funding and identifying new sources of growth in labor-intensive industries to help recovery from the downgrade.
This document summarizes a workshop report on deepening economic diversification in Zambia and the Copperbelt region. The workshop brought together government officials, donors, and private sector stakeholders to identify opportunities and feasible projects to diversify the economy away from dependence on copper mining. Key recommendations included building on comparative advantages in agriculture, gemstones, hydroelectric power, and infrastructure to attract investment. The policy framework needs reform to reduce inflation, lower taxes, reduce costs, and improve services to create a more competitive environment and attract entrepreneurs. Pilot projects in a designated "Free Zone" on the Copperbelt could help implement and coordinate initial diversification efforts.
Zimbabwe faces challenges to its economic development including high public debt, the need to clear arrears with international creditors to resume development financing, and effects of drought and currency fluctuations. To address these challenges, Zimbabwe must mobilize domestic resources through improving tax administration and capturing revenue from informal sectors, cut public spending, attract private investment by improving the business environment and enabling policies, and access climate finance for projects. With effective domestic resource mobilization, public sector efficiency, and an enabling business climate, Zimbabwe can boost its economy.
This document discusses the socioeconomic impacts of new products, capital investment, government policies, employment, and international trade on various groups in the Philippines from the 1980s to the 2000s. It outlines how consumers benefit from new offerings, firms can reduce costs or create opportunities, governments rely on tax revenue and cooperation to achieve goals, stable jobs and businesses improve living standards, and good trade policies encourage investment and business confidence. During this period the Philippines pursued various reforms to transform its economy and recover from financial crises while ensuring access to basic services and productive assets for its citizens.
This document discusses the socioeconomic impacts of new products, capital investment, government policies, employment, and international trade on various groups in the Philippines from the 1980s to the 2000s. It outlines how consumers benefit from new offerings, firms can reduce costs or create opportunities, governments rely on tax revenue and cooperation to achieve goals, stable jobs and businesses improve living standards, and good trade policies encourage investment and business confidence. During this period the Philippines pursued various reforms to transform its economy and recover from financial crises while ensuring access to basic services and productive assets for its citizens.
Globalization and economic reforms in India began in 1991 in response to a balance of payments crisis. The reforms, known as LPG, liberalized, privatized, and globalized the Indian economy. GDP and foreign investment have increased substantially since then. However, unemployment has remained high, and economic growth has largely failed to benefit the masses due to jobless growth and rising inequality. While India's economy is projected to become one of the largest in the world by 2035, the reforms also increased vulnerability to global shocks and failed to create sufficient secure employment.
The Zambian government established the Lusaka Stock Exchange (LuSE) in the early 1990s to develop Zambia's financial and capital markets, attract foreign investment, and increase citizen ownership of formerly state-owned companies. International organizations helped establish LuSE, which opened in 1994 and is regulated by the Securities Act to protect investors. Known as the "Zambian Model," LuSE's features like tax benefits and financial education initiatives helped develop capital markets across Africa in the late 1990s. However, Zambia's markets remain heavily dependent on copper prices, leading to boom and bust cycles that demonstrate the need for economic diversification.
A digital copy of the BH24 (22 January 2016 edition). Zimbabwe's premier business news free sheet published by the Zimpapers Newspapers Group (1980) Limited and available every week day from 15:30hrs to give a summary of the day's business news.
Part 6 of the series on the politica economy of Pakistan which examines the global and domestic environment at the time of General Zia's take over,the economic policies pursued by his team during the 1977-88 decade and how these policies affected the process of economic development of Pakistan
The document compares the economies of Singapore and Malaysia and analyzes their strategies and challenges over time. It discusses:
1. Singapore achieved rapid economic growth through strategic government policies that attracted foreign investment, developed infrastructure, and mobilized human capital.
2. Malaysia transitioned from an export-based economy focused on raw materials like tin and rubber to industrialization in the late 20th century. It aimed to diversify its economy and reduce dependence on commodity exports.
3. Both countries face ongoing challenges in maintaining competitiveness against rising economies like China and India, and in addressing issues like aging populations and low birth rates. They continue investing in high-tech industries and developing skilled workforces.
Medium Term Budget Policy Statement 2019 SABC News
The Medium Term Budget Policy Statement is an important piece of our budgeting process. The first statement was published on the second of December 1997, during the first democratic administration led by President Nelson Mandela.
The mining industry has been the bedrock of the South African economy for over 100 years. The sector has made many positive contributions to the development of our economy, and some of the infrastructure and industries thriving today are as a direct resulting of mining.
Being the text of the ministerial address by
H.E. Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Minister of Mines and Steel Development
Federal Republic of Nigeria
at the
iPAD Nigeria Mining Week
Miners Association of Nigeria;
in partnership with Dolf Madi Consulting;
and in association with PricewaterhouseCoopers and Spintelligent
Sheraton Hotel, Abuja, Nigeria | Tuesday, October 25, 2016
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
This year state nation adress by President ZumaAndile Njamela
This State of the Nation Address outlines South Africa's plans for massive infrastructure development to stimulate economic growth and job creation. Key aspects include:
- Developing rail, road, and water infrastructure in Limpopo and Mpumalanga centered around mining.
- Improving logistics through the Durban-Free State-Gauteng corridor.
- Developing infrastructure in the Eastern Cape to improve agriculture and exports.
- Expanding infrastructure in the North West.
- Improving infrastructure along the west coast to develop mining and industry.
- Investing in social infrastructure like healthcare facilities and universities.
- Extending basic services like housing, electricity, and water countrywide.
Zimbabwe Rising Conference London 2010 - Hon. Minister Tapiwa Mashakada: Doin...countryfactor
Doing Business in Zimbabwe - A critical assessment of the investment climate, opportunities, incentives and challenges for investors.Zimbabwe Rising Conference 2010- Hon. Minister Tapiwa Mashakada: Doing Business in Zimbabwe - A critical assessment of the investment climate, opportunities, incentives and challenges for investors.
Hypothetical presentation of my Finance and Investment Strategy 2019-2024. The presentation is increasing public awareness about the importance of understanding finance and investment and the challenges that Ministers of Finance encounter as they allocate resources. The presentation made me appreciate the efforts that the current Minister of Finance Prof Mthuli Ncube is doing in trying to stabilise the economy through the Transitional Stabilisation Program (TSP) from 2018-2020. Comments from the public are welcome.
This annual report summarizes the activities of The Presidency for the 2015/2016 financial year. Key points include:
- The Presidency worked to implement South Africa's National Development Plan and coordinate government efforts, with a focus on revitalizing the economy through the President's 9-Point Plan.
- The Presidency mobilized various sectors to support economic growth initiatives and convened meetings between government, business, and labor leaders.
- The Presidency also played a role in addressing national issues like student protests, attacks on foreigners, and impacts of new immigration regulations.
- National Orders ceremonies honored individuals who contributed to South Africa's freedom and democracy.
1. Zimbabwe was once a breadbasket exporting agricultural commodities but its economy has declined since 2000 due to lack of development assistance and low economic activity.
2. Domestic resource mobilization is now key for economic growth but faces challenges including low savings, capital flight, a large informal sector, and poor tax administration.
3. Improving domestic resource mobilization in Zimbabwe will require expanding the tax base through technologies like mobile money, rationalizing tax incentives, and improving tax collection and savings in the informal sector.
The document discusses the economic phenomenon known as "Dutch Disease" where the discovery and development of natural resources like oil and gas can negatively impact a country's economy. It provides examples of how countries like Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Netherlands have experienced Dutch Disease. Norway is presented as a rare example of a country that avoided major negative impacts through policies like establishing a sovereign wealth fund to invest revenue from oil and gas. The document calls for Suriname to extensively study successful and unsuccessful cases to develop strategies for managing its upcoming oil and gas industry and preventing Dutch Disease.
Banking Association presentation to Creative Economy conferenceYacoob Abba Omar
The document summarizes the challenges facing South Africa's economy, including slow growth, rising debt, and the impact of credit downgrades. It discusses how the budget allocates spending to social services but leaves little for investment. The document outlines short-term steps like ensuring policy continuity and long-term strategies like pursuing inclusive growth through sectors like tourism and the creative economy. It argues for mobilizing private funding and identifying new sources of growth in labor-intensive industries to help recovery from the downgrade.
This document summarizes a workshop report on deepening economic diversification in Zambia and the Copperbelt region. The workshop brought together government officials, donors, and private sector stakeholders to identify opportunities and feasible projects to diversify the economy away from dependence on copper mining. Key recommendations included building on comparative advantages in agriculture, gemstones, hydroelectric power, and infrastructure to attract investment. The policy framework needs reform to reduce inflation, lower taxes, reduce costs, and improve services to create a more competitive environment and attract entrepreneurs. Pilot projects in a designated "Free Zone" on the Copperbelt could help implement and coordinate initial diversification efforts.
Zimbabwe faces challenges to its economic development including high public debt, the need to clear arrears with international creditors to resume development financing, and effects of drought and currency fluctuations. To address these challenges, Zimbabwe must mobilize domestic resources through improving tax administration and capturing revenue from informal sectors, cut public spending, attract private investment by improving the business environment and enabling policies, and access climate finance for projects. With effective domestic resource mobilization, public sector efficiency, and an enabling business climate, Zimbabwe can boost its economy.
This document discusses the socioeconomic impacts of new products, capital investment, government policies, employment, and international trade on various groups in the Philippines from the 1980s to the 2000s. It outlines how consumers benefit from new offerings, firms can reduce costs or create opportunities, governments rely on tax revenue and cooperation to achieve goals, stable jobs and businesses improve living standards, and good trade policies encourage investment and business confidence. During this period the Philippines pursued various reforms to transform its economy and recover from financial crises while ensuring access to basic services and productive assets for its citizens.
This document discusses the socioeconomic impacts of new products, capital investment, government policies, employment, and international trade on various groups in the Philippines from the 1980s to the 2000s. It outlines how consumers benefit from new offerings, firms can reduce costs or create opportunities, governments rely on tax revenue and cooperation to achieve goals, stable jobs and businesses improve living standards, and good trade policies encourage investment and business confidence. During this period the Philippines pursued various reforms to transform its economy and recover from financial crises while ensuring access to basic services and productive assets for its citizens.
Globalization and economic reforms in India began in 1991 in response to a balance of payments crisis. The reforms, known as LPG, liberalized, privatized, and globalized the Indian economy. GDP and foreign investment have increased substantially since then. However, unemployment has remained high, and economic growth has largely failed to benefit the masses due to jobless growth and rising inequality. While India's economy is projected to become one of the largest in the world by 2035, the reforms also increased vulnerability to global shocks and failed to create sufficient secure employment.
The Zambian government established the Lusaka Stock Exchange (LuSE) in the early 1990s to develop Zambia's financial and capital markets, attract foreign investment, and increase citizen ownership of formerly state-owned companies. International organizations helped establish LuSE, which opened in 1994 and is regulated by the Securities Act to protect investors. Known as the "Zambian Model," LuSE's features like tax benefits and financial education initiatives helped develop capital markets across Africa in the late 1990s. However, Zambia's markets remain heavily dependent on copper prices, leading to boom and bust cycles that demonstrate the need for economic diversification.
A digital copy of the BH24 (22 January 2016 edition). Zimbabwe's premier business news free sheet published by the Zimpapers Newspapers Group (1980) Limited and available every week day from 15:30hrs to give a summary of the day's business news.
Part 6 of the series on the politica economy of Pakistan which examines the global and domestic environment at the time of General Zia's take over,the economic policies pursued by his team during the 1977-88 decade and how these policies affected the process of economic development of Pakistan
The document compares the economies of Singapore and Malaysia and analyzes their strategies and challenges over time. It discusses:
1. Singapore achieved rapid economic growth through strategic government policies that attracted foreign investment, developed infrastructure, and mobilized human capital.
2. Malaysia transitioned from an export-based economy focused on raw materials like tin and rubber to industrialization in the late 20th century. It aimed to diversify its economy and reduce dependence on commodity exports.
3. Both countries face ongoing challenges in maintaining competitiveness against rising economies like China and India, and in addressing issues like aging populations and low birth rates. They continue investing in high-tech industries and developing skilled workforces.
Medium Term Budget Policy Statement 2019 SABC News
The Medium Term Budget Policy Statement is an important piece of our budgeting process. The first statement was published on the second of December 1997, during the first democratic administration led by President Nelson Mandela.
The mining industry has been the bedrock of the South African economy for over 100 years. The sector has made many positive contributions to the development of our economy, and some of the infrastructure and industries thriving today are as a direct resulting of mining.
Being the text of the ministerial address by
H.E. Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Minister of Mines and Steel Development
Federal Republic of Nigeria
at the
iPAD Nigeria Mining Week
Miners Association of Nigeria;
in partnership with Dolf Madi Consulting;
and in association with PricewaterhouseCoopers and Spintelligent
Sheraton Hotel, Abuja, Nigeria | Tuesday, October 25, 2016
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024SEOSMMEARTH
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IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
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Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...Neil Horowitz
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM SoftwareSalesTown
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...Aleksey Savkin
The Strategy Implementation System offers a structured approach to translating stakeholder needs into actionable strategies using high-level and low-level scorecards. It involves stakeholder analysis, strategy decomposition, adoption of strategic frameworks like Balanced Scorecard or OKR, and alignment of goals, initiatives, and KPIs.
Key Components:
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Strategy Decomposition
- Adoption of Business Frameworks
- Goal Setting
- Initiatives and Action Plans
- KPIs and Performance Metrics
- Learning and Adaptation
- Alignment and Cascading of Scorecards
Benefits:
- Systematic strategy formulation and execution.
- Framework flexibility and automation.
- Enhanced alignment and strategic focus across the organization.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
2. Before 1964 the territory of Zambia was called northern Rhodesia from
1911-1963, it was then renamed Zambia after gaining it's independence
in 1964 from the British rulers, the name Zambia came from the
Zambezi river which means the Grand River. The following writing will
talk about the economic situation in Zambia during the pre-
independence era, after independence and finally after 1991 as well as
the economic results of these time periods. .
Prior to gaining independence in 1964, Zambia had a very small number
of indigenous businessmen. By the time of Independence, Zambia did
not have businessmen and women who were experienced in managing
complex businesses. Zambian business started growing when the cash
economy became the standard for business transactions. Zambia gained
its independence with a less educated workforce, ill-equipped to
administer the economy. Zambia was also a member of the frontline
states; this meant that a lot of resources were used to help in the
liberation of its neighbors. In the years after independence, the copper
price was fetching a high price on the international market and the oil
price was favorable (Chimpungu 1992).
3. After attaining independence in 1964, Zambia was among the
most prosperous nations in Africa. With a rich endowment of
arable land, water and mineral resources, it held great potential
for sustainable development and improving the living standards
of all Zambians. The new government of the United National
Independence Party (UNIP) led by President Kenneth Kaunda
inherited a country with inadequate infrastructure and less
skilled human capital. Andrew Sardanis mentioned that at
independence Zambia only had one black engineer, three black
doctors and three black lawyers and 90 other black university
graduates, working mainly as teachers and senior civil servants
(Sardinis, 2014).
The wealth and the economy of the nation was in the hands of
foreigners, as well as the skills. The black Zambians had no
experience in governance such that when the British civil
servants started departing as their contracts with the colonial
Office expired, many services started coming apart. Apart from
that, the ordinary Zambian citizen had no formal education and
access to the market, this limited them to substantive farming
and transactions of easily sourced goods. Entrepreneurship was
in its infancy. Initially, the government followed a liberal
political and economic policy like the first national plan of 1966
-1971 that focused on the provision of infrastructure, investment
in manufacturing and services to the majority of people
especially in towns along the line rail (Britannica, 2020).
4. 1. This plan proved to be successful in that majority of Zambians got
employed in these new industries and the buying power of the people
increased, small businesses began to mushroom across towns and cities.
Demand for foreign goods necessitated cross-border trade among the
locals with foreign countries even though majority of the neighbor states
where not yet independent. The policies that came after the first
National Development plan did not promote entrepreneurship and were
not as effective as the first one.
2. In 1972, there was a major switch in the structure of the country’s
economy to a more restrictive policy environment with the Mulungushi
Reforms of April 1968. The government declared intention to become the
majority shareholders in a number of key foreign-owned firms, this was
to be controlled by the Industrial Development Corporation (INDECO).
The government acquired majority shareholding in two foreign mining
corporations, the Anglo American Corporation and 4the Rhodesia
Selection Trust which became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines
and Roan Consolidated Mines, respectively.
5. Government control extended to insurance companies and building societies,
these where placed in a newly established parastatal body called FINDECO.
The banks resisted this take over and succeeded. Several Parastatal bodies
where merged to form the Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation
(ZIMCO), this became one of the largest companies in sub-Saharan Africa.
This process of taking over key corporations and merging them into state
controlled parastatals was called Zambianisation. The government imposed
high tariffs for protection. The buying and selling of goods became much
controlled. Consumables became heavily subsidized, prices were controlled
and agriculture inputs and credit became the responsibility of the
government. All these changes were detrimental to the growth of
entrepreneurship in Zambia.
Having a controlled price environment affected business negatively, the
creative aspects of doing business was at its lowest. The majority of the
people followed the path of seeking formal employment in government-
owned institutions. It was lucrative to work in the government because of the
stable economy which was mainly affected by the booming copper industry.
In 1973, the management contracts that were agreed upon to continue with
the smooth running of the mines by Anglo American and the Rhodesia
Selection Trust came to an end. The policy to nationalize the mines was not
timed very well. In the period after 1973, there was a massive increase in oil
price which greatly increased the cost of importations coupled with the failing
copper prices in 1975 and also political turmoil in neighboring countries.
6. Initially, the government thought the falling copper price was
temporal, with that the government anticipated arise in price,
hence, borrowed excessively to sustain the economy. There was
little hope of putting. The Third national development plan of
1978 to 1983 into practice (Britannica, 2020).
By the early1980s, it became clear that the reforms which started
in 1968 had failed. The reforms lacked diversification of the
economy from copper dependence to agriculture and
entrepreneurship. From1983 to 1985, the government attempted
an IMF/World Bank Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) that
came with tough conditions such that it was abandoned in May
1987 due to food riots in the major cities. The government
introduced a new program that re-imposed the controls of
the1970s to replace SAP. Despite this, the economy continued to
decline, more people lost their Jobs, poverty levels kept on rising
and the national debt increased to $7.1 billion by 1991
(Henriot,2020).
7. • In October 1991, the Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD) was
elected by the Zambian people. This was the resultant of the discontent
that the people had with the performance of their forms of the previous
government. The new government began to push liberal policies with the
support of the IMF and the World Bank SAP, with the hope of having an
efficient private sector to lead the economy. This was the beginning of the
massive expansion of entrepreneurship in Zambia.
• The role of the state remained in creating an enabling environment for the
private sector to thrive. There was massive liberalization of trade,
exchange rates, and interest rates, subsidies removed and most of the
parastatal companies were privatized.
• The market became an ideal environment for entrepreneurship to flourish,
demand, and supply would determine the price of goods and Services.
Apart from that, the government had to reduce the civil service workforce
to the right size. Those that got retrenched were given some money that
they used to start up Small and Medium Enterprise. Ordinary Zambians
started using their creative abilities to buy goods and resale for a profit.
The Zambian dream was now pushed into the hands of the citizens, a new
dawn of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship tendency had come alive.
8. In September 2011, there was a change of government administration
from the Movement for Multiparty Democracy to the Patriotic Front
Government. The new administration revised the Sixth National
Development Plan OF 2011 TO 2015 to align it with their manifesto
and policies. The revised plan was primarily an investment plan that
focused on capital investment areas with a bias to rural development
and job creation. The government wanted this development to be
driven by the private sector such as Tourism, Manufacturing, and
Mining. In addition to this, new policies were put in place for the
sector to thrive. The strategic focus was to create jobs, rural
development, growth that encompasses all citizens while investing in
human development to take care of the macro-economic
fundamentals (Ministry of Finance, 2014).
The government created and implemented monetary and financial
sector polices that helped to maintain price and financial stability.
There was a positive growth in the private sector through small and
medium scale enterprise, more businesses opened up. The cost of
borrowing was favorable and there was enough money in circulation.
Entrepreneurship growth was at its pick, all sectors had the private
companies operating, and the market attracted foreign investments.
9. The capital base of banking and insurance system was strengthened and
the government promoted the corporate debt market in order to expand
access to credit for SMEs (Ministry of Finance, 2014).
The government accelerated growth and diversification by increasing
private investments through encouraging the foreign direct investment
(FDI). The country had a low level of domestic savings which limited access
to credit for SMEs. The foreign direct investments filled in the gap and
positively affected the entrepreneurship growth in Zambia.
The development of Multi-Facility Economic Zones and industrial Parks
that have been created in Lusaka and on the Copperbelt offered
producers an enabling and competitive environment. The zones have
created the link in the economy for production of high value goods some
of which are being exported to neighboring countries. Then came the
Seventh National Development Plan of 2017 to 2021 which aimed at
creating a more conducive environment so that Zambia can become a
middle income country that offers decent employment opportunities for
all Zambians of different educational and skill background in all industries.
This is planned to be achieved by harnessing opportunities for economic
diversification and growth (Ministry of National Development Planning,
2017).
10. Apart from government organisations, other organisations and
government agencies have setup programs to promote
entrepreneurship in Zambia one example is the United States Embassy
that provides support to Zambian entrepreneurs through its program
and events that are aimed at promoting skill development, mentorship,
business to business connections and partnerships, and assist access to
opportunities, resources and networks (U.S. Embassy in Zambia, 2020).
Having gained independence in 1964 and now ranking as a lower
middle-income country even though the economy was highly rated at
independence, Zambia has seen entrepreneurship growth in all sectors.
The history and economic policies of the past had a bearing on
entrepreneurship growth in the country. Political factors coupled with
social factors have shaped the business landscape of Zambia. The
stages of economic changes from independence to 1991 were not
favorable with entrepreneurship growth. However, the transformation
came in when there was the liberalization of the economy after the re-
introduction of multiparty politics in Zambia.
11. The following are the economic results of the above time periods. To begin with,
the most important achievement of the pre independence period was economic
development in the early 1920s was the discovery of vast deposits of copper,
mostly well below the levels reached by existing mines. After a short setback in
the early 1930s as result of a falloff in the demand for copper in the great
depression, mining became profitable again. Financial significance of the copper
industry for northern Rhodesia was economic development. The rapid industrial
extension had profound social and political effects. Most rural areas suffered
impoverishment because there were no able bodies to work in the mine.
Secondly, during Kaunda’s presidency the economic results were as follows.
In the early 1970 Zambia’s economic fortune took pictures a tune to the worse.
Copper continued to provide the great bulk of export earnings, but prices
fluctuated erratically and suffered prolonged fall in 1975. In this period the
government, committed to high spending, both in public and private reacted by
borrowing heavily abroad and drawing on reserves. Investment declined, as did
the efficiency of the transport network.
12. The results of the economy during chiluba’s presidency. Having inherited a
trabled economy, chiluba worked with the Bretton woods institution to
establish free mark economy. Chiluba’s administration work to bring about
economic reform, but ironically economic progress was limited due to the
wide spread of corruption that became a problem under his rule. The results
was a general raise in unemployment and poverty, through the inequality
decline in the same period.
The economy remained heavily dependent on the copper industry; the
economy achievement this period was uneven. Efforts at attracting foreign
donor funds were hampered by the failure to deal firmerly with the state
corruption. Zambia was highly in debted poor country and became eligible for
a two-third reduction in debt if it is implemented a poverty reduction
strutage.
13. Mwanawasa is credited with having initiated a campaign to rid the
corruption situation in Zambia. Consistent economic growth was
recorded overaging 4.9%, during mwanawasa’s reign,
microeconomic stability was strengthened with inflation falling to
single digit level and budget management was also improved.
President L.P Mwanawasa also succeeded in obtaining substantial
debt relief through the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) and the
multilateral debt relief initiative, thereby relieving the country of the
highly previously high debt burden and the GDP reached 8.0%.
14. During president Rupiah B. Banda’s three year reign he
demonstrated robust economic growth reaching the highest peak
during the period and his 10% growth in 2010 was as high as
president Kaunda’s in 1972.
economy experienced growth during Sata’s presidency, there was
increasing discontent among the population over his failure to
deliver on some of his election promises, such as reducing
unemployment, improving socio economic policy, and championing
democratic governance
15. Lungu’s administration was lauded for the number of economic
development in form of infrastructure projects it had completed,
which included improving existing roads as well as building new
ones, constructing many new schools, increasing the country’s
power-generating capacity, refurbishing international airports, and
constructing new health care facilities as well as upgrading existing
structures.
In contrast to this progress, however, the country experienced a
worsening economy, the fallout of which was compounded by the
COVID-19 global pandemic beginning in 2020.
16. Zambia's economy started getting better after 2020 when
we had an experience of the covid 19 uncertainty which
affected global economies, some measures have been put
in place to sustain the economy, eg when a vaccine is
given to an individual health personnel say they put an in
active bacteria/virus to awaken the immune system so
that when an active one come its fought using the tactics
it used. This regard we can conclude by saying Zambia's
economy is improving by diversifying into different
income generating activities.