The document discusses the evolution of API design from early standards like XML-RPC and SOAP to modern standards like REST and GraphQL. It outlines some limitations of REST APIs like underfetching and overfetching data through multiple requests. GraphQL is presented as a new API standard that was developed by Facebook to address these issues by allowing clients to fetch data from multiple resources through a single endpoint and request. Key features of GraphQL like declarative data fetching and a strong type system are also summarized.

1. The Evolution of API Design

2. API
History
New API Standard
GraphQL over REST
GraphQL Fundamentals

3. Application

4. Application Database

5. Application DatabaseServer

6. rogramming
pplication
nterface

7. Socket Programming
Socket

8. Remote Procedure Call
XML-RPC

9. XML-RPC
Remote Procedure Call

10. Remote Procedure Call
XML-RPC

11. Simple Object Access Protocol
SOAP
SOAP-ENV : Envelope
SOAP-ENV: Header
SOAP-ENV: Body

12. Simple Object Access Protocol
SOAP

13. REpresentational State Transfer
REST

14. REST

15. • Need for efficient data loading

16. • Need for efficient data loading
• Variety of different frontend platforms

17. • Need for efficient data loading
• Variety of different frontend platforms
• Fast & Iterative development

22. With GraphQL,
you model your business domain as a graph

24. A Query Language for your APIQuery Language

26. • New API Standard invented by Facebook

27. • New API Standard invented by Facebook
• Presented publicly at React.js Conf 2015

28. • New API Standard invented by Facebook
• Presented publicly at React.js Conf 2015
• Declarative Data Fetching

30. • New API Standard invented by Facebook
• Presented publicly at React.js Conf 2015
• Declarative Data Fetching
• Single Endpoint, Single Request

32. • New API Standard invented by Facebook
• Presented publicly at React.js Conf 2015
• Declarative Data Fetching
• Single Endpoint, Single Request
• Strong Type System

38. Open Source License
BSD + Patents

39. Open Source License
BSD + Patents

40. Open Source License
BSD + Patents

41. Open Source License
OWFa v1.0

43. https://developer.github.com/v3/
https://developer.github.com/v4/

49. User Name

50. User Name
Post Title

51. User Name
Post Title
Follower Name

52. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers

53. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
Fetch user data

54. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
Fetch user data

55. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
Fetch posts

56. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
Fetch posts

57. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
Fetch followers

58. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
Fetch followers

59. /graphql

60. /graphql
Fetch everything with a single request

61. /graphql
Fetch everything with a single request

62. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)

63. /users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
/users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers
/users/<id>
/users/<id>/posts
/users/<id>/followers

64. /graphql

65. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)
• Nested CompletionHandler

66. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)
• Nested CompletionHandler

67. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)
• Nested CompletionHandler
• Overfetching

68. .
.
.

69. .
.
.

70. .
.
.

71. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)
• Nested CompletionHandler
• Overfetching
• Too Many Endpoints

72. Clients
/users
/usersInfo
/usersCount
/userPosts

73. /users
/usersInfo
/usersCount
/userPosts
/userFollowers
Clients
/userByPost
/userNameStartsK

74. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)
• Nested CompletionHandler
• Overfetching
• Too Many Endpoints
• Versioning

78. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)
• Nested CompletionHandler
• Overfetching
• Too Many Endpoints
• Versioning
• Schemaless

80. • Underfetching (N + 1 requests problem)
• Nested CompletionHandler
• Overfetching
• Too Many Endpoints
• Versioning
• Schemaless
• Slow Product Development

93. User Requests (per hour)
Authenticated 5000
Unauthenticated 60

94. User Requests (per hour)
Authenticated 5000
Unauthenticated 60

95. User Requests (per hour)
Authenticated 5000
Unauthenticated 60

96. • Node Limit
Individual Call ≦ 500,000 total nodes

100. • Node Limit
• Rate Limit
5,000 points per hour (points ≠ call)

102. 1

103. 1
100

104. 1
100
5000

105. 1
100
5000
5101

106. 1
100
5000
5101 / 100
= 51

113. Server

114. Server

115. Server
Connection

116. Server
Connection

117. Server
Connection

120. Architectural Style
HTTP, HTTPS Protocol
Multiple Endpoints
Schemaless
Fixed Data Structure
Versioning
Standard API
Transport Layer Agnostic
Single Endpoint
Strongly Typed Schema
Flexible Data Structure
Evolve API Without Versions