The document introduces GraphQL, including how it provides a common interface for client-server data fetching and manipulation. It discusses how GraphQL addresses issues with REST APIs like multiple round trips to the server. Major GraphQL clients like Apollo are presented, as well as how to use GraphQL on the frontend with frameworks like Angular and on the backend by integrating with databases and services. New features in GraphQL like batching, deferred data, streaming, subscriptions, and IDE support are also covered.