Graphene is a recently isolated material with amazing and broadly applicable characteristics. Thousands of researchers and commercial developers are working feverishly to develop a viable market for graphene. However, until industry agreed standards can be developed and a reliable regulatory environment emerges, there will be obstacles to the adoption of this material.
This is a presentation regarding the survey results showing the type of graphene materials used by producers, researchers and application developers as well as the most important graphene material characteristics . It also include a recommended set of testing techniques for specific characteristics of graphene materials.
This is a presentation regarding the survey results showing the type of graphene materials used by producers, researchers and application developers as well as the most important graphene material characteristics . It also include a recommended set of testing techniques for specific characteristics of graphene materials.
Global and china graphene industry report, 2015 2018ResearchInChina
Global graphene market size is only USD24.4 million in 2015, and most of demand comes from semiconductor electronics, lithium battery and composite materials industries, which seize a combined 60.1% share. As progress is made in the industrialized application of graphene, global graphene market size is expected to hit USD65 million in 2018.
Accelerating to Net Zero with Hydrogen Blending Standards Development in the ...KTN
Following on from these two webinars, a closed-door workshop took place on 15 March 2021 to further discussions between experts in the UK, Canada and the US. Please find a summary of discussions that took place during the workshop here.
Graphene’s for Research and the Growing Number of Publications Per Year - Phd...PhD Assistance
Professor Richard Feynman forecast the bright future of nanomaterials in his popular lecture, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom.” Since then, many trials have been made to consider and manipulate matter at the atomic level to exploit nanoscale properties.
Learn More: https://bit.ly/3A7Q1yT
Graphene Supply, Application & Commercialisation 2014 has been designed to focus upon the needs of graphene application developers, academics and suppliers following extensive industry research. By assessing the very latest success stories across scalable production, material processability and manufacturing integration, this summit will determine the roadmap towards profitable commercialisation.
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
Phantoms Foundation is pleased to launch the third edition of the Graphene companies catalogue. This new version features also the research centers currently performing work on graphene worldwide. In total 136 institutions (Companies: 119 & Research Centers: 17) working directly on the field are presented.
This initiative comes as an open platform resource to attract global participant’s intent on sharing, exchanging and exploring new avenues of graphene-related scientific and commercial developments.
Polymeric Materials for Advanced Packaging at the Wafer-Level 2018 Report by...Yole Developpement
Polymeric materials market revenue will double over the next five years.
More information on that report at : https://www.i-micronews.com/report/product/polymeric-materials-for-advanced-packaging-at-the-wafer-level.html
The EPA’s approval of the revised Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) led to significant changes in how nanomaterials are regulated. The new rule, effective August 2017, requires those who manufacture or process nanoscale materials to electronically report to the EPA chemical identity, volume, exposure information and more.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Global and china graphene industry report, 2015 2018ResearchInChina
Global graphene market size is only USD24.4 million in 2015, and most of demand comes from semiconductor electronics, lithium battery and composite materials industries, which seize a combined 60.1% share. As progress is made in the industrialized application of graphene, global graphene market size is expected to hit USD65 million in 2018.
Accelerating to Net Zero with Hydrogen Blending Standards Development in the ...KTN
Following on from these two webinars, a closed-door workshop took place on 15 March 2021 to further discussions between experts in the UK, Canada and the US. Please find a summary of discussions that took place during the workshop here.
Graphene’s for Research and the Growing Number of Publications Per Year - Phd...PhD Assistance
Professor Richard Feynman forecast the bright future of nanomaterials in his popular lecture, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom.” Since then, many trials have been made to consider and manipulate matter at the atomic level to exploit nanoscale properties.
Learn More: https://bit.ly/3A7Q1yT
Graphene Supply, Application & Commercialisation 2014 has been designed to focus upon the needs of graphene application developers, academics and suppliers following extensive industry research. By assessing the very latest success stories across scalable production, material processability and manufacturing integration, this summit will determine the roadmap towards profitable commercialisation.
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
Phantoms Foundation is pleased to launch the third edition of the Graphene companies catalogue. This new version features also the research centers currently performing work on graphene worldwide. In total 136 institutions (Companies: 119 & Research Centers: 17) working directly on the field are presented.
This initiative comes as an open platform resource to attract global participant’s intent on sharing, exchanging and exploring new avenues of graphene-related scientific and commercial developments.
Polymeric Materials for Advanced Packaging at the Wafer-Level 2018 Report by...Yole Developpement
Polymeric materials market revenue will double over the next five years.
More information on that report at : https://www.i-micronews.com/report/product/polymeric-materials-for-advanced-packaging-at-the-wafer-level.html
The EPA’s approval of the revised Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) led to significant changes in how nanomaterials are regulated. The new rule, effective August 2017, requires those who manufacture or process nanoscale materials to electronically report to the EPA chemical identity, volume, exposure information and more.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Graphene Council standards and regulatory environment 2015 commercialization show
1. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Developing crucial industry standards
for graphene and understanding the
regulatory environment
3. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Graphene Council
• Purpose - to provide a platform for networking and information
exchange for anyone that is involved in the research,
development or application of graphene.
• Ultimately, to help facilitate the development of a sustainable
market and industry for graphene and related materials.
• Member of the ANSI / ISO Technical Committee (TC) 229
Nanotechnologies and the IEC TC 113 Standards
Development Groups
4. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Graphene Council
• Established August 2013
• More than 4,600 Members
and 6,000 subscribers
• The largest community
dedicated to graphene
5. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Graphene Council
• 40% are involved in research
• 47% are senior managers
• 9% are CEO’s, COO’s, and Owners
• 46% are in the United States
• 31% are in Europe
• 21% are in Asia
6. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Graphene Council
• Provide a quarterly
newsletter that includes
original interviews and
reviews of recent
developments
• Subscribe for free at:
www.thegraphenecouncil.org
8. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Market for Graphene
Forecast to grow to between USD 126 -149 million by 2020*.
Promising applications include:
• Medicine
• Sensors
• Diagnostics and Testing
• Electronics
• Transistors
• Light processing
*Sources:
Fullerex 2015 Bulk Graphene Pricing Report - http://www.thegraphenecouncil.org/?page=ResearchReport2015
Ross Kozarsky "Is Graphene the Next Silicon ... Or Just the Next Carbon Nanotube?" December 17, 2012 | State of the Market Report Lux Research
Mallick, S. C. (2014). Global Graphene Market (Bulk material, Film, Product Type, Applications, Geography) - Industry Analysis, Trends, Share,
Opportunities and Forecast, 2013- 2020. Allied Market Research.
• Energy Storage
• Water filtration
• Lubricants
• Nanoantennas
• Corrosion and Waterproof Coatings
• Thermal management
• Composite Structural Materials
9. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Market for Graphene
• Main challenges include the absence of any standards.
• Producers are calling material that contains many different
forms of carbon “graphene”.
• Confusion in the nomenclature even for materials that is of
same or similar characteristics
• Inconsistency in the production of materials
• Lack of a standard to assure buyers of quality and
performance characteristics
10. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Market for Graphene
• Entry of many new producer companies that have little or no
track record and scant information about how their products
are produced or actual quality levels.
• Estimated 300 graphene producers (up from approx. 100 two
years ago). However, confusion regarding materials produced
(i.e. graphene vs graphene oxide).
• High barrier to convince end-users to replace traditional
materials with graphene or graphene enabled products.
12. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Why Standards are needed
• Standards allow industry participants to work in an environment of
trust by using common definitions and measurements that we all
rely on to conduct business.
• Without common standards, there can be no trust between market
participants and without trust, we have no market.
• Standards are also needed in order to operate in a well regulated
and transparent regulatory environment. In the absence of
standards, it becomes difficult for regulators to make sensible
policy and for market participants, a lack of standards creates risk.
13. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
There are currently no universally agreed standards for graphene materials. One of the earliest attempts
appeared in the Carbon Journal (Alberto Bianco, 2013). For purposes of discussion, the following
classifications* can be used;
Note: The vFLG*, FLG and MLG definitions for number of sheets overlap.
# of sheets Product description
1 Graphene (monolayer)
1-3 Very few layer graphene (vFLG)
2-5 Few layer graphene (FLG)
2-10 Multilayer graphene (MLG)
>10 Exfoliated graphite or “Graphene nanoplatelets” (GNP)
For monolayer films or suspended single layer sheets of graphene, these materials can be subdivided by
planar size:
Lateral dimensions Product description
<100nm Graphene nanosheets
100nm to 100um Graphene microsheets
>100um Graphene sheets
>10mm Graphene film or wafer
Source: *vFLG is a designation added by Fullerex
*Fullerex 2015 Bulk Graphene Pricing Report - http://www.thegraphenecouncil.org/?page=ResearchReport2015
Why Standards are needed
14. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
The Carbon Journal (Alberto Bianco, 2013) editorial team identified various terms and forms
of graphene and related materials.
Graphene
Graphene layer
Turbostratic carbon
Bilayer graphene, trilayer graphene
Multi-layer graphene (MLG)
Few-layer graphene (FLG)
Exfoliated graphite
Graphene nanosheet
Graphene microsheet
Source:
*Fullerex 2015 Bulk Graphene Pricing Report - http://www.thegraphenecouncil.org/?page=ResearchReport2015
Why Standards are needed
Graphene nanoribbon
Graphene quantum dots (GQD)
Graphene oxide (GO)
Graphite oxide
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
Graphenic carbon materials
Graphene oxide nanosheets
Few-layer graphene nanoribbons
Multilayer graphene oxide film
15. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Graphene Standards
Current efforts to establish standard definitions and testing;
• The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the UK, led by Andrew J Pollard, is
working with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), through
the Nanotechnologies Technical Committe (TC229), and the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) TC 113. (Primarily electronic properties)
• NPL has submitted an international standard to a joint ISO/IEC working group
for the definition of the accepted terminology for graphene and 2-D advanced
materials.
• NPL is also providing graphene material testing and characterization services
for producers and users of graphenic materials.
16. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Graphene Standards
• The American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) Nanotechnology
Standards Panel (NSP) and the ANSI-Accredited US TAG to ISO/TC 229
Nanotechnologies, TAG Working Group 4: Materials Specifications, are
focused on Graphene definitions and standards.
• The NPL is also working with the ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies on
standards development.
• The Graphene Flagship is also conducting work on the establishment of
standards, however, this has been at a preliminary stage to date and is
expected to pick up over the next 24 months.
17. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Example: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS12805
“The need for this Technical Specification arose in response to the failure of specifications
agreed between suppliers of manufactured nano-objects and their customers to ensure
delivery of material that responds consistently to downstream processing or that is capable
of generating consistent performance in the final product between batches and lots.
This observed inconsistent performance of batches or lots of material has led to the
conclusion that the cause has to be related to one or more of the following scenarios.
The specification agreed between customer and supplier does not cover all material
characteristics that have an influence on performance and/or processability, or it has been
interpreted differently by the customer and supplier.
• One or more material characteristic is currently being measured by an inappropriate
technique.
• One or more measurement technique is being applied in an incorrect manner.
This Technical Specification is intended to help address all of these issues.”
Source: www.ansi.org/isotc229tag/
18. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Standards development is a slow process and requires input
from market participants.
Industry is moving faster than the standards or the regulatory
environment leaving consumers without objective tools to help
guide adoption of these new materials.
Graphene Standards
20. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Is Graphene a nanomaterial?
• On 18 October 2011 the European Commission adopted the Recommendation on the
definition of a nanomaterial which, according to this Recommendation, means:
“A natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state
or as an aggregate or as an agglomerate and where, for 50 % or more of the particles in
the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1 nm -
100 nm.
In specific cases and where warranted by concerns for the environment, health, safety
or competitiveness the number size distribution threshold of 50 % may be replaced by a
threshold between 1 and 50 %.
By derogation from the above, fullerenes, graphene flakes and single wall carbon
nanotubes with one or more external dimensions below 1 nm should be considered as
nanomaterials.”
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/nanotech/faq/definition_en.htm
21. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Regulatory Environment
“Currently, the toxicity of many nanomaterials is unknown, but
initial research indicates that there may be health concerns
related to occupational exposures. Due to the potential for
health effects, it is important to control worker exposures to the
extent possible.”
U.S. Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for
Occupational Health and Safety
22. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Regulatory Environment
• There are occupational health and safety concerns for producers,
distributers and users, however, very little testing and safety profiling on
the various forms of graphene has been accomplished to date.
• The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) is
responsible for nano-materials regulation in Europe https://osha.europa.eu
• The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the
U.S. federal agency that conducts research and makes recommendations
to prevent worker injury and illness. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/about.html
23. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Regulatory Environment
• As an example, the EU Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly-
Identified Health Risks adopted a position statement that explicitly
identifies graphene as a potential human health risk;
“ Reviews suggest that graphene nanomaterials could exert a
considerable toxicity and that considerable emission of graphene
from electronic devices and composites are possible in the future. It is
also suggested that graphene is both persistent and hydrophobic.
Although these results indicate that graphene may cause adverse
environmental and health effects, the results foremost show that there
are many risk related knowledge gaps to be filled.”
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/docs/scenihr_s_002.pdf
24. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Regulatory Environment
• We recommend that producers and
end-users treat graphene as any
other nano-material when it comes
to handling and health and safety
issues.
• Resource: U.S. CDC “Nanomaterial
Production and Downstream
Handling Processes”
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-102/pdfs/2014-102.pdf
25. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Regulatory Environment
Sample of “Nanomaterial Production and Downstream Handling Processes”
recommendations;
• Prevention through Design (PtD) - to design out or minimize hazards early in the
design process.
• Elimination and substitution of nanomaterials*.
• Engineering controls; fume hoods, biological safety cabinets, glove box isolators,
glove bags, bag dump stations, and directional laminar flow booths.
• Personal Protective Equipment; gloves, gauntlets, and laboratory clothing or
coats. Gloves made of neoprene, nitrile, or other chemical-resistant gloves should
be used and changed frequently. Respiratory protection should be used to
reduce worker exposures to acceptable levels.
*This actually works against graphene producers
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-102/pdfs/2014-102.pdf
26. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Regulatory Environment
Get more information from the
Nanotechnology Industry Association.
nanotechia.org
28. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
Conclusions
• As the market for graphene matures, standards will be
necessary for the benefit of producers and consumers alike.
• Increased regulatory scrutiny can also be expected and
agreed standards will help reduce regulatory risk.
• Producers need to become more involved in the definition of
standards and work collaboratively in order to positively
influence the environment for the broader industry.
29. The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
Manchester, 17 April 2015
If you would like to get involved, feel free to contact me:
tbarkan@thegraphenecouncil.org
The Graphene Council
www.thegraphenecouncil.org
LinkedIn:
http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Graphene-Council-5153830/about