La quota di forza lavoro pubblico al di sopra dei 55 anni è prossima al 45% rispetto alla media di 24% nei paesi dell'OCSE. L'Italia ha anche la quota più bassa di giovani che lavorano per il pubblico, dove solo il 2% dei lavoratori sono tra i 18 ei 34 anni. Ciò richiede una pianificazione attenta della forza lavoro, che assicurerà che la pensione di massa dei dipendenti non provocherà la perdita di memoria istituzionale e non pregiudicherà la qualità dei servizi pubblici.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: ItalyOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: ChileOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: GermanyOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: JapanOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
OECD’s recent analysis of the employment and social situation in OECD and key emerging economies, policy recommendations to spur growth, boost confidence and soften the impact of the jobs crisis. By Paul Swaim, Senior Economist, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: ItalyOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: ChileOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: GermanyOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: JapanOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
OECD’s recent analysis of the employment and social situation in OECD and key emerging economies, policy recommendations to spur growth, boost confidence and soften the impact of the jobs crisis. By Paul Swaim, Senior Economist, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SwitzerlandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SpainOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Tax Rate Changes and its Impact on Tax Burden Leading to Tax Evasion Practice...inventionjournals
Tax evasion is the major destruction for any country’s economy. It plays a significant role in the developing country’s economy. Due to tax evasion practices the citizens of the country are getting poor infrastructure facilities. The ending results of tax evasion to the Government is revenue loss, which cause a serious damage and deficit of revenue which leads to lack of public expenditure. The study examines factors that influencing tax evasion practices in India. The survey was conducted with primary data from 110 respondents with five point rating scaled questionnaire. The outcomes of the study reveals that the low quality of service to the public in return for the tax significantly impact the tax evasion practices in India. Furthermore, high impact on tax evasion on variables such as tax system, transparency, fairness and accountability. High level of corruption is also one of the major factors for the tax evasion practices in India. The study recommends necessary steps to be taken in view of the transparency, accountability and corruption in order to gain the public morale and minimize the tax evasion practices in India.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: New ZealandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: IsraelOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SloveniaOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: MexicoOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: PortugalOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: FinlandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: FranceOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Excise taxes on alcohol & other sin products have long been a dependable and significant revenue source for Policy planners in India. Maximization of Government Revenue to generate resources that can be utilized to finance Departmental projects is always accorded a high priority on the agenda of the policymakers. However, when it comes to framing a policy such as Excise Policy, the Excise & Taxation Department has to give due weight to the health and well-being of the citizens of the State. An ideal Excise Policy, therefore, not only has to strike a delicate balance between the twin objectives of preventing dominance of liquor mafia or social degeneration on the one hand and securing an optimum revenue for the Government on the other, but also has to address the concerns of all the four key stakeholders i.e. the Government, the Manufacturers, the Licensees and most important of all, the Consumer. While there are various other factors that also play a significant role in
achieving the State Excise Objective, the article explores the role of Tax Stamps & Traceability Technology Role in State Excise Policy in the current scenario.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: PolandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: Czech RepublicOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Italy is recovering after a deep and long
recession. Structural reforms, accommodative
monetary and fiscal conditions, and low
commodity prices have helped the economy to turn
the corner.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: NorwayOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SwitzerlandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SpainOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Tax Rate Changes and its Impact on Tax Burden Leading to Tax Evasion Practice...inventionjournals
Tax evasion is the major destruction for any country’s economy. It plays a significant role in the developing country’s economy. Due to tax evasion practices the citizens of the country are getting poor infrastructure facilities. The ending results of tax evasion to the Government is revenue loss, which cause a serious damage and deficit of revenue which leads to lack of public expenditure. The study examines factors that influencing tax evasion practices in India. The survey was conducted with primary data from 110 respondents with five point rating scaled questionnaire. The outcomes of the study reveals that the low quality of service to the public in return for the tax significantly impact the tax evasion practices in India. Furthermore, high impact on tax evasion on variables such as tax system, transparency, fairness and accountability. High level of corruption is also one of the major factors for the tax evasion practices in India. The study recommends necessary steps to be taken in view of the transparency, accountability and corruption in order to gain the public morale and minimize the tax evasion practices in India.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: New ZealandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: IsraelOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SloveniaOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: MexicoOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: PortugalOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: FinlandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: FranceOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Excise taxes on alcohol & other sin products have long been a dependable and significant revenue source for Policy planners in India. Maximization of Government Revenue to generate resources that can be utilized to finance Departmental projects is always accorded a high priority on the agenda of the policymakers. However, when it comes to framing a policy such as Excise Policy, the Excise & Taxation Department has to give due weight to the health and well-being of the citizens of the State. An ideal Excise Policy, therefore, not only has to strike a delicate balance between the twin objectives of preventing dominance of liquor mafia or social degeneration on the one hand and securing an optimum revenue for the Government on the other, but also has to address the concerns of all the four key stakeholders i.e. the Government, the Manufacturers, the Licensees and most important of all, the Consumer. While there are various other factors that also play a significant role in
achieving the State Excise Objective, the article explores the role of Tax Stamps & Traceability Technology Role in State Excise Policy in the current scenario.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: PolandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: Czech RepublicOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Italy is recovering after a deep and long
recession. Structural reforms, accommodative
monetary and fiscal conditions, and low
commodity prices have helped the economy to turn
the corner.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: NorwayOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: KoreaOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: LuxembourgOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: DenmarkOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: GreeceOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: NetherlandsOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: United KingdomOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: BelgiumOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SwedenOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: AustriaOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Fiscal space and the composition of public finances - Jean-Marc Fournier, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Jean-Marc Fournier, OECD, at the 9th Annual Meeting of the OECD network of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 6-7 April 2017.
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: CanadaOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: IrelandOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: United StatesOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: HungaryOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Similar to Italy - Government at a Glance 2017 (20)
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
1. Government at a Glance 2017
Country Fact Sheet
www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Fiscal balances have improved, yet government debt levels remain high
Fiscal consolidation brought the deficit down from 5.3% of GDP in 2009 to 2.7% of GDP in 2015, close to
the OECD average of 2.8%. However, the effects of the double-dip recessions in 2009 and 2012 have been
reflected in government gross debt levels, which remain persistently high in Italy, reaching 157.5% of GDP
in 2015 according to the System of National Accounts definition – the third largest gross debt level among
OECD countries- as compared to an average of 112% of GDP across the OECD countries.
Chapter 2. Public finance and economics
General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDP
General government debt as a percentage of GDP
Italy has carried out several comprehensive spending reviews
to help prioritize public expenditures
In order to make sure that government expenditure is allocated to the priorities of the country in the face
of fiscal consolidation, Italy has carried out six comprehensive spending reviews between 2008 and 2016,
which has helped the government navigate through fiscal tightening with better evidence at its disposal.
Chapter 5. Budgeting practices and procedures
Frequency and scope of spending reviews
Italy has the highest proportion of central government employees aged 55 or older
The share of Italy’s central government workforce aged over 55 years is close to 45%, compared to the 24%
average across the OECD countries. Italy also has the lowest share of young people working for the central
government, where only 2% workers are between 18 and 34 years old. This calls for careful workforce plan-
ning that will ensure that the mass retirement of employees will not result in loss of institutional memory and
will not affect the quality of public services.
Chapter 3. Public employment and pay
Percentage of central government employees aged 55 years or older
Share of people employed in the central government by age group
Italy
2. Fiscal balance*
(2015, 2016)
Government expenditures
(2015, 2016)
Government gross debt*
(2015, 2016)
% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP
Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts
G@G /dataG@G /data
26134,500
88,700
52,700
Middle Managers
(D3 positions)
Senior Managers
(D1 positions)
Senior
Professionals
Secretarial
Positions
2015
USD PPP
150,000
300,000
450,000
231,500
55,600
Italy
67,900
172,500
395,400
Annual compensation across central government positions* (2015)
Government investment
(2015, 2016)
How to read the figures:
Italy
Country value in blue
(not represented if not available)
Average of OECD countries
in red
Range of OECD country
values in grey
Public Finance and Economics
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
24.9%45.4%
Italy
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2015
40.9%
49.6%
2016
50.5%
2015
Italy
2015
3.2%
2.1%
2016
2.3%
2015
0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
Italy
157.5%
2015
156.4% 100%
0%
2016
112%100%
0%
2015
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%
Italy
Values have been rounded.
n.a. refers to
data not available
% of GDP
Public Employment
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in
Central/federal Governments
* The level of compensation for senior managers is maximized by law and as a result, their compensation has been reduced substantially compared to 2011. Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal Governments
... and in senior positions (2015)
Source: OECD
* See Notes National Accounts
Source: OECD
* SNA definition, see Notes National Accounts
Public Sector Compensation
53.0%52.4%
Italy
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
32.4%33.4%
Italy
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Women in the civil service ...
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in
Central/federal Governments
Percentage of central government
employees aged 55 years or older
(2015)
General government employment
as % of total employment (2015)
18.1%
13.6%
Italy
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Source: OECD National Accounts
-10% 0%-5% +5% +10%
-2.8%
Italy2016
-2.4% -2.7%
2015
2015
3. Budgeting
Women in Government
Extent of delegation
of HRM practices
in line ministries
0.77
0.64
Extent of the use
of performance
assessments
in HR decisions
0.70
0.64
Extent of the use
of performance
related pay
0.78
0.66
Use of separate
HRM practices
for senior
civil servants
0.58
0.55
Collection
of administrative
data
0.77 0.68
Composite index
from 0 lowest to 1 highest
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1
Italy
G@G /data
Source: OECD (2016) Strategic Human Resources Management Survey
Composite indicators on HRM practices in central government (2016)
Human Resource Management
Composite indices on regulatory governance for primary laws*
(2014)
G@G /data
Regulatory governance
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
29.1%
50%
20.5%
Italy
Source: OECD National Accounts
General government
procurement expenditures
(2015)
% of government expenditures
Public Procurement
Support for green
public procurement
Some procuring entities have developed an internal strategy/policy
A strategy/policy has been developed at a central level
Support for
SMEs
Support for innovative
goods and services
A strategy/policy has been rescinded
There has never been a strategy/policy in place
11 25 1 0 8 24 0 1 9 19 0 6
Italy
Strategic public procurement - Objectives
(2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on Public Procurement
* See Notes Source: OECD Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG)
0.41
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.27
Italy
Composite index
from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Performance budgeting
practices at the central level
of government (2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey of Performance Budgeting
Stakeholder
engagement in
developing regulations
1.43
2.09
Regulatory Impact
Assessment for
developing regulations
1.69 2.05
Ex post evaluation
of regulations
1.45
1.54
Composite index
from 0 lowest to 4 highest
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1
Italy
4. Notes
Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures.
Regulatory governance indicators: The results for stakeholder engagement and Regulatory Impact Assessment apply exclusively to processes for developing primary laws initiated by the executive. Data is not applicable to the
United States, where all primary laws are initiated by Congress. In the majority of countries, most primary laws are initiated by the executive, except for Mexico and Korea, where a higher share of primary laws are initiated by parliament/
congress (respectively 90.6% and 84%).
Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which differs from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the
debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.
Open Data Digital Government
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
35.6%12.0%
Italy
Individuals using the Internet for sending filled
forms via public authorities websites
in the past 12 months (2016)
Source: OECD, ICT database; and Eurostat, Information Society database
OURdata Index:
Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data
(2017)
Composite index: from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Source: OECD (2017) Survey on Open Government Data
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.52
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.55
Italy
Data
availability
Data
accessibility
Government
support
to re-use
Differences in income inequality pre and post-tax
and government transfers (2013)
Italy
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Higher
inequality
Lower
inequality
Before After
0.52
0.33
taxes and transfers
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Before After
0.47
0.32
taxes and transfers
Higher
inequality
Lower
inequality
Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Limited government powers (2016)
0.75
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.70
Italy
Source: The World Justice Project
Core Government Results
Satisfaction and confidence across public services
(2016)
70%
Judicial system Education system
49%20
40
60
80
100
Health care
67%55%55%24%
National government
42%24%
Italy
Average
Range
Police
77%74%
Source: Gallup World Poll
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Government at a Glance 2017
Government at a Glance provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the goal of contributing to the analysis and international
comparison of public sector productivity and performance. Indicators on government revenues, expenditures, and employment are presented,
alongside key output and outcome data for education, health and justice. Information on key enablers to increase productivity including on digital
government, budget procedures, strategic human resource management, open government data and innovative practices are also included. In
a context of tight budget constraints in many member countries, good indicators are needed more than ever, in order to help governments make
informed decisions regarding resource allocation and to help restore confidence in government institutions.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2017-en
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2017 are available
via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)
and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm