This document provides an overview of courses on emergency management and homeland security taught by Paula Gordon across three university programs. It discusses elements of the courses including an all-hazards approach, case studies, and organizational models. The document also suggests reference materials that can be used in curriculum development, including reports, documents, videos, and presentations covering topics like critical infrastructure protection, terrorism trends, and principles of emergency management.

1. Some Innovative Elements of
Several Courses That Integrate
Emergency Management and
Homeland Security Concerns
and
Some Suggested Materials
Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D.
Presentation
FEMA Higher Education Conference,
Emmitsburg, Maryland, June 6 - 9, 2011

2. An All-Hazards Approach
• A case for an all-hazards approach that
encompasses a full range of possible hazards and
catastrophic events that face us post-9/11 and
post Katrina.
• The shift in Federal policy toward an All-Hazards
Approach.
2

3. Some EM & HS Courses
This presentation provides an overview of some
innovative aspects of several of the courses that
Dr. Gordon teaches, with a focus on courses that
she has developed and is currently in the process
of developing and refining for three university
programs. These include integrated courses in
emergency management and homeland security:
3

4. :
Auburn University’s Center for Governmental Services’
Emergency Management for Government and Private
Sector Certificate Program
• Key Elements of Critical Infrastructure Protection
and Continuity Post 9/11 and Post Katrina: April
4 – May 1, 2011
• Planning and Preparedness for Homeland Security
and Emergency Management Post-9/11 and Post-
Katrina: June 13 – July 10, 2011
• Unmet Needs and Challenges: Some Key
Challenges Facing Homeland Security and
Emergency Management Post 9/11 and Post
Katrina: October 3 – October 30, 2011
For further information, see http://www.auburn.edu/outreach/cgs/.
4

5. Courses at the University of Richmond and
Eastern Kentucky University
• University of Richmond:
Hazards and Threats for the Future
Spring 2011
• University of Richmond:
Research Practicum
Fall 2011
• Eastern Kentucky University HLS 800
Homeland Security Policy Analysis
Fall (B) 2011
5

6. Some Perspectives Concerning
Emergency Management
And the Role of Homeland Security Concerns
in Emergency Management
• Is the focus of emergency management solely on natural hazards?
• Does the focus on emergency management include an all-hazards
approach that encompasses terrorism and homeland security
threats and challenges?
• Does the focus on emergency management encompass both an
all-hazards approach and attention to catastrophic events?
• Does the focus on emergency management encompasses a goal
of helping individuals develop the knowledge base, skill sets, and
capabilities needed to assume and more effectively carry out
their roles of responsibility relating to an all-hazards approach to
emergency management?
6

7. Some Organizing Typologies, Concepts, and Tools
• Todd Stewart’s Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model:
Similarities between this depiction
of the homeland security cycle
and the emergency management cycle
• A Typology of Emergencies of Differing Levels of Severity
• The Homeland Security Impact Scale and its
Applicability to an All-Hazards Approach to
Emergency Management
• The Public Safety/National Security Grid
7

8. Todd Stewart’s
Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model:
• Todd Stewart's model is helpful in depicting a
comprehensive approach to preventing as well as
preparing for and responding to potential
terrorist-related events.
• A model that helps clarify key similarities and
differences between the homeland security cycle
and the emergency management cycle
• A model that importantly includes mitigation.
8

9. Todd Stewart’s
Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model
Deterrence
Prediction
Prevention
(Pre-emption)
Detect &
Characterize
Mitigation
(Preparation
and Protection)
Crisis
Management
Forensics &
Attribution
Post-Event
Response
Recovery &
Reconstitution
TERRORISM
EVENT OR
CAMPAIGN
Identify & Characterize
Threats
9

10. Paula Gordon’s All-Hazards Adaptation
of Todd Stewart’s Strategic Model:
• The following adaptation of Todd Stewart's model
is helpful in depicting a comprehensive approach
to preventing as well as preparing for and
responding to potential events involving all
hazards, whatever their origin may be.
• A model that helps clarify key similarities and
differences between the homeland security cycle
and the emergency management cycle
• A model that importantly includes preparedness
mitigation, and situational awareness .
10

11. Preparedness
Remediation,
Protective
Measures, &
Mitigation
Contingency
Planning &
Situational Awareness & Assessment
When & If the Event is Foreseeable or
Imminent & When the Event Occurs Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D,
http://gordonhomeland.com 5/20/2011
Modeled Loosely on an Adaptation of Todd Stewart’s Counter Terrorism Strategic Model
Continuity of
Operations Planning
& Event
Response
Post-Event
Response
Recovery &
Reconstitution
Plus Mitigation &
Preparedness
Measures
for the Future
AN ALL-
HAZARDS
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
Identify, Assess, &
Characterize Hazards
Crisis
Management

12. A Typology of Emergencies
of Differing Levels of Severity
• A typology that is pertinent to an all-hazards
approach to emergency management as well as
to a natural hazards approach to emergency
management.
• A typology that helps clarify the differences in
impacts of emergencies of differing levels of
severity and the implications of those differences
for the emergency management cycle.
12

13. A Typology of Emergencies
Size of
Emergency
Number
of Dead &
Injured
Roles of
Government
Approach Characteristics
of Care
Skill &
Training
Needs
Small Scale Scores Local, State,
and Regional
Surge of
capa-
bilities
Manageable Surge capa-
bility
Medium
Scale
Hundreds All levels of
government
Modified Normal to
minimal
Networked
surge
capability
Large
Scale
Thousands All levels of
government
Modified
to
makeshift
Normal to
minimal
Networked
surge
capability
Catastrophic
Scale
Millions All levels of
government
Mostly
makeshift
Minimal or
worse
Make do
capability
Mega-
Catastrophe
Multi-
millions to
billions
Remaining
vestiges of
government
Totally
makeshift
Minimal if
existent
Improvisa-
tional
skills
Adapted from P. Gordon " Comparative Scenario and Options Analysis: Important Tools for Agents of Change Post 9/11 and
Post Hurricane Katrina," Homeland Security Review, Vol. 1 No. 2 , 2006 (http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options/Analysis.html )
13

14. The Homeland Security Impact Scale: Its
Applicability to an All-Hazards Approach to
Emergency Management
• The Homeland Security Impact Scale provides a
common frame of reference that can be useful in
considering and arriving at a consensus
concerning the impacts of disasters.
• The Homeland Security Impact Scale provides a
common frame of reference that can be useful in
considering actions that can be taken to mitigate
the impacts of disasters or emergencies of
differing levels of severity or to address and help
reverse them once they have occurred.
14

15. Homeland Security Impact Scale
• 0 -- No real impact on national security, economic security, or
personal security
• 1 -- Local impact in areas directly affected
• 2 -- Significant impact in some areas that were not directly
affected
• 3 -- Significant market adjustment (20% plus drop); some
business and industries destabilized; some bankruptcies, including
increasing number of personal bankruptcies and bankruptcies of
small businesses, and waning of consumer confidence
• 4 -- Economic slowdown spreads; rise in unemployment and
underemployment accompanied by possible isolated disruptive
incidents and acts, increase in hunger and homelessness
• 5 -- Cascading impacts including mild recession; isolated supply
problems; isolated infrastructure problems; accompanied by
possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts, continuing
societal impacts
15

16. Homeland Security Impact Scale
(Continued)
• 6 -- Moderate to strong recession or increased market volatility;
regional supply problems; regional infrastructure problems
accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts;
worsening societal impacts
• 7 -- Spreading supply problems and infrastructure problems
accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts,
worsening societal impacts, and major challenges posed to elected
and non-elected public officials
• 8 -- Depression; increased supply problems; elements of
infrastructure crippled accompanied by likely increase in
disruptive incidents and acts; worsening societal impacts; and
national and global markets severely impacted
• 9 -- Widespread supply problems; infrastructure verging on
collapse with both national and global consequences; worsening
economic and societal impacts accompanied by likely widespread
disruptions
• 10 -- Possible unraveling of the social fabric, nationally and
globally, jeopardizing the ability of governments to govern and
keep the peace
16

17. Homeland Security Impact Scale
(Continued)
• "Disruptions" and "incidents" can include demonstrations, work
stoppages, strikes, organized or spontaneous vandalism, looting,
and riots. Also included are sabotage and terrorist acts and
attacks. (The scale and these notations have been adapted by
Paula D.Gordon from the Y2K Impact Scale developed by Bruce F.
Webster of WDCY2K and sent by him to the membership of
WDCY2K on March 4, 1998.)
• "Supply problems" and "infrastructure problems" may include food
shortages; availability of potable water; degradation of water
purity, water distribution and/or waste management; fuel/heating
oil shortages, disruptions in utilities (power, gas,
telecommunications), disruption in the financial sector, disruptions
in transportation (airlines, trains, trucking, ports, ships);
pharmaceutical shortages; disruption of health care services or
emergency medical services; disruption of fire and public safety
services; disruptions or inadequacies, or overwhelming of public
works operations and services.
17

18. The Public Safety/Homeland Security Grid
• A way of seeing public safety and homeland
security as being mutually inclusive
• A balanced and integrated emphasis on
both public safety and homeland security,
not one over the other.
18

19. The Public Safety/
Homeland Security Grid
9,1 9,9
Public Safety 5,5
1,1 Homeland Security 1,9
19

20. Some Selected Materials
The following are materials, websites, videos, and DVD’s
that can be used in the development and implementation of
courses and curricula focusing on an all-hazards approach
to homeland security and emergency management.
Complete references for these materials can be found in the
“List of Homeland Security and Emergency Management
References and Resources” compiled by Paula D. Gordon
and posted at GordonPublicAdministration.com
(http://GordonPublicAdministration.com ). The 102 page
List of References and Resources includes twenty-two
categories and is posted in two parts in the File Section of
the GordonPublicAdministration.com website.
GordonHomeland.com (http://GordonHomeland.com) and
GordonPublicAdministration.com
(http://GordonPublicAdministration.com) include articles,
reports, publications, and presentations on homeland
security and emergency management and organizational,
managerial, ethical, and educational issues. The websites
have been developed by Paula D. Gordon and are provided
as a free public service.
20

21. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, “Improving Homeland Security
& Critical Infrastructure Protection and Continuity
Efforts.” Access at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/hsciprep
ort.pdf or use link at
http://gordonhomeland.com .
• Paula D. Gordon, “The Different Nature of
Terrorism and Terrorist Threats Post-9/11 and
the Implications of These Differences.” Use link
at http://gordonhomeland.com or access at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/thediffer
entnatureofterrorism.htm .
21

22. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Walid Phares, author of The War of Ideas:
Jihadism against Democracy and Future
Jihad: Terrorist Strategies against the West,
presentation at the Heritage Foundation,
February 27, 2007. View online at http://www.c-
spanvideo.org/program/197185-1 .
• Walid Phares, "Education Versus Jihad.” HS
Today, November 2006. Also access at
http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/terrorism.
php?id=466419 .
• “Obsession: Radical Islam’s War Against the
West,” a documentary, 2006. Available on DVD
at http://obsessionthemovie.com . 22

23. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• A new documentary entitled “Iranium” is
accessible at http://www.iraniumthemovie.com/
“In approximately 60 minutes, Iranium
powerfully reports on the many aspects of the
threat America and the world now faces using
rarely-before seen footage of Iranian leaders, and
interviews with 25 leading politicians, Iranian
dissidents, and experts on: Middle East policy,
terrorism, and nuclear proliferation.” In this
documentary, the threat of Iran’s use of EMP
(electromagnetic pulse) and its possible impacts
are mentioned.
23

24. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• CSIS Statesmen's Forum video OR transcript: John
Brennan, Assistant to the President for Homeland Security
and Counterterrorism, “Securing the Homeland by
Renewing American Strength, Resilience, and
Values,” Wednesday, May 26, 2010. Access
at http://csis.org/files/attachments/100526_csis-
brennan.pdf or see event transcript at the same URL.
• Newt Gingrich: America at Risk: Camus, National Security,
and Afghanistan. American Enterprise Institution,
Thursday, July 29, 2010. Access at
http://www.aei.org/video/101267 . (URL for the Resources
that Newt Gingrich quoted from and some of the quotes in
his presentation:
http://www.aei.org/docLib/America%20at%20Risk%20-
%20July%2029-%202010%20Event%20Materials.pdf .)
24

25. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• “Principles of Emergency Management” from
FEMA:
http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/emprincipl
es.asp
• Principles of Emergency Management October 10,
2008, 1 page.
• Principles of Emergency Management Brochure.
September 11, 2007. 9 pages.
• Principles of Emergency Management Slide
Presentation. Developed by Jim Fraser, February
14, 2008. 18 Slides.
25

26. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Claire B. Rubin, editor, Emergency Management: The
American Experience 1900 – 2005, Public Entity Risk
Institute, (http://riskinstitute.org ), 2007.
• Claire B. Rubin, 4/9/08 Transcript of Forum Presentation:
Emergency Management: The American Experience,
1900 – 2005. View
at http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/all.htm .
• David A. McEntire, Introduction to Homeland Security:
Understanding Terrorism with an Emergency
Management Perspective, Wiley, 2009.
26

27. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Stephen Flynn speaking on his book The Edge of Disaster ~
Rebuilding a Resilient Nation at the Houston World Affairs
Council, March 27, 2007. See video at http://www.c-
spanvideo.org/program/197358-1 .
• Stephen Flynn, The Edge of Disaster, Random House,
2007.
• Secretary Mike Leavitt, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Emergency Preparedness Health Summit, National Press
Club, April 18, 2006. View online at http://www.C-
SPAN.org/videolibrary . ID#192090-1. 45 minutes.
27

28. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• April 2003 Frontline Program: Cyberwar (PBS) (Also see
archived program, transcript, and interviews online at
http://www.pbs.org .)
• Paula D. Gordon, "Infrastructure Threats and Challenges:
Before and After September 11, 2001". PA TIMES, Vol.
24, Issue 12, December 2001. Reprinted as a commentary
in the Journal of Homeland Security, April 16, 2002.
Also posted at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homeland_infra.ht
ml or see link at http://gordonhomeland.com .
• Paula D. Gordon, "A Matrix Approach to Comparing and
Contrasting Some Differing Perspectives on the Federal
Government’s Role in Hurricane Katrina and in Potential
Catastrophic Events in the Future." Access at
http://GordonPublicAdministration.com . 28

29. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Critical Infrastructure Task Force. Washington, DC: Homeland
Security Advisory Council, January 2006 (50 pages). Access at:
www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/HSAC_CITF_Report_v2.pdf .
• Ted G. Lewis, Critical Infrastructure Protection in
Homeland Security ~ Defending a Networked Nation,
Wiley-Interscience, 2006.
• Naval Postgraduate School Course Materials and videos on
radical extremism and the resources of the Homeland
Security Digital Library. Access at https://www.hsdl.org .
29

30. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• *General Russel Honore, Presentation on Hurricane Katrina,
a presentation before the Houston Forum on February 13,
2006. Access at http://www.c-
spanvideo.org/program/id/155435 .
• *General Russel Honore, September 9, 2005 CNN transcript
in which General Honore compares the crisis to a football
game in which you cannot expect to win any ground in the
first quarter.
• Michael Brown, Presentation on Hurricane Katrina and
Weather Emergency Preparedness, January 18, 2006
Video can be viewed at http://www.c-
spanvideo.org/program/id/153798 .
* For particularly significant insights into the massive challenges relating to
catastrophic event planning, preparedness, mitigation, and response and
the Federal approach to Hurricane Katrina
30

31. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Michael Brown, February 11, 2006, Congressional
Deposition. Access at
http://katrina.hours.gov/brown/depo.doc .
• Paula D. Gordon, "Thoughts about Katrina: Responses to
Two Questions about Hurricane Katrina and America's
Resilience,“ December 1, 2005 (Prepared for the December
19-21, 2005 Forum on Building America's Resilience to
Hazards, sponsored by The American Meteorological Society
in collaboration with The Space Enterprise Council of the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce.) Access at
http://gordonhomeland.com.
31

32. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• *Susan B. Glasser and Michael Grunwald, "Department's
Mission Was Undermined From Start", Washington Post,
December 22, 2005. Access at
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2005/12/21/AR2005122102327.html .
• *Michael Grunwald and Susan B. Glasser, "Brown's Turf
Wars Sapped FEMA's Strength" Washington Post,
December 23, 2005. Access at
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202213.html?nav=hcmod
ule .
* For extraordinary insights into the background Federal homeland
security efforts from after 9/11 through Hurricane Katrina.
32

33. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, Presenter, "Improving
Homeland Security - Continuing Challenges and
Opportunities," transcript of Emergency
Information Infrastructure Partnership (EIIP)
Virtual Forum, March 24, 2004. Posted at
http://gordonhomeland.com.
• Paula D. Gordon, "Transforming and Leading
Organizations," (Examples from disaster
management.) (Posted at
http://gordonhomeland.com. Also published in
Government Transformation, Winter 2004-05
issue.
33

34. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, "Capabilities and Skills Needed
by Those in New Roles of Responsibility for
Homeland Security at the Federal, State, and
Local Levels of Government." Posted at
http://gordonhomeland.com and published in the
PA TIMES, Vol. 28, Issue 3, March 2005 (a
publication of the American Society for Public
Administration).
• Paula D. Gordon, "Comparative Scenario and
Options Analysis: Important Tools for Agents of
Change Post 9/11 and Post Hurricane Katrina,"
Homeland Security Review, Vol. 1 No. 2,
2006. Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com or
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options
Analysis.html.
34

35. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, "Public Administration in the
Public Interest: Thoughts About Public
Administration Post September 11, 2001".
Posted at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/public_a
dministration_in_the_pub.html or see link at
http://gordonhomeland.com
• Paula D. Gordon, "The 9/11 Commission as an
Incident Debriefing" May 18, 2004. Posted at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/911debr
iefing.pdf or see link at
http://gordonhomeland.com. 35

36. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, “The Homeland Security Impact
Scale: An Alternative Approach to
Assessing Homeland Security and Critical
Infrastructure Protection Efforts and a Frame of
Reference for Understanding and Addressing
Current Challenges.” Access at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/thehom
elandsecurityimpactscale.htm or use link at
http://gordonhomeland.com .
• Paula D. Gordon, “Strategic Planning and Y2K
Technology Challenges:Lessons and Legacies for
Homeland Security.” Access at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homela
nd_strat.html or use link at
http://gordonhomeland.com .
36

37. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, “Using E-Technology to
Advance Homeland Security Efforts.” Access at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/etechnol
ogy.html or use link at
http://gordonhomeland.com .
• Paula D. Gordon, “A Common Goal for
Contingency Planning and Management,
Emergency Management, and Homeland
Security: Building a Disaster Resilient Nation.”
Access at
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/Commo
nGoal.html or use link at
http://gordonhomeland.com .
37

38. Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, "The State of Emergency
Management and Homeland Security," PA
TIMES, Vol. 30, Issue 8, August 2007. Also
posted at http://gordonhomeland.com or see or
http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/stateofE
M.html .
• Paula D. Gordon, “Challenges for the Future of
Homeland Security and Emergency Management
Education,” PA TIMES, Vol. 31, Issue 8, August
2008. Also see http://gordonhomeland.com .
38

39. University Affiliations,
Contact Information & Websites
Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D.
• Auburn University Emergency Management for Government &
Private Sector Certificate Program
• University of Richmond
• Eastern Kentucky University
E-Mail: pgordon@starpower.net
Phone: (202) 241 0631
Websites: http://GordonPublicAdministration.com
http://GordonHomeland.com and
http://www.jhu.edu/pgordon
39