2.  This is a direct or contradictive link between the lyrics and the on screen
narrative or performance. This refers to the way the lyrics are presented on
screen.
 Kanye West’s music video – through the wire is a metaphor about his come
up and his journey to becoming successful so the music video is a bunch of
home made video clips of his journey.

3.  This is a direct link between the beat and the
actual instrumental of the music rather than
the musicians vocals.
 There is usually a visual link to the changes in
music or the edit/cut of the music itself.
 In Rihanna – Rudeboy @ 2.40 -2.47 there is a
disturbance in the rhytmn in the music which
increases the speed, this also happens in the
on screen visual with a jolted zoom in and out
until the music has smoothed out again, and
the visuals follow also.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e82VE8Ut
W8A&feature=related

4.  Music labels often demand a lot of close up shots in order to
sell the artist.
 Artists may also develop a motif which may be so subtle you
mayn’t even notice- some artist have a more prominent motif
which helps them be distinguished and gain recognition.
 In please don’t stop the music, Rihanna has many close up shots, some of her directly performing to
the camera and others of her
in a crowd among people in
a club allowing the audience
to relate to her to allow her to
be more marketable.

5.  The notion of looking in particular reference to the voyeuristic
treatment of the human body.
 Goodwin said that music videos often disguise the direct
notion of looking at the female body with some sort of tool,
for example Jennifer Lopez is being watched on CCTV in the
intro of her Jenny from the block music video.

6.  Often used with music videos to show
reference to anecdotes, stories, movies
and TV programmes.
 For example, in Nicki Minaj’s Moment for
life video there is a strong intertextual
reference to Cinderella.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7G
W8TYCEG4