This document provides information about various global protest movements in 2014. It discusses protests in Hong Kong where tens of thousands demonstrated against China's restrictions on democracy. It also summarizes unrest in Romania over poverty and unemployment, protests in Turkey over development plans and restrictions on freedom of expression, Israel's social justice movement against rising costs of living, and Bolivian protests against a highway being built through indigenous lands.

1. NAME : SAVSANI KRUTI
STD : 10th A
SUB : S.S
TOPIC :GLOBAL MOVEMENT
ROLL NO :23
SCHOOL : SARVODAYA SECONDARY
SCHOOL

2. GLOBAL
MOVEMENT

3. INDEX
PROTEST IN HONG KONG
UNREST IN ROMANIA
PROTEST IN TURKEY
ISRALI SOCIAL JUSTICE
MOVEMENT
BOLIVIAN PROTEST

4. PROTEST IN HONG KONG
 Since the 1997 handover of Hong Kong to China, the semi-
autonomous city has operated under a "one country, two
systems" formula, allowing a limited democracy.
 In August, the Chinese government announced plans to vet
candidates in Hong Kong's 2017 elections, virtually assuring
only pro-Beijing politicians would be on the ballots. Student
groups and pro-democracy supporters have taken to the
streets in recent days to protest the limitations and to demand
universal suffrage.
 Tens of thousands of demonstrators have occupied Hong
Kong's Central District, bringing parts of the city to a
standstill. The protests are one of the largest political
challenges to Beijing since the 1989 Tiananmen Square
crackdown. Chinese officials have scolded protesters and
warned against any foreign interference.

5.  A protester raises his umbrellas in front of tear gas
which was fired by riot police to disperse
protesters blocking the main street to the Central
district outside the government headquarters in
Hong Kong, on September 28, 2014.
 Protesters wave their mobile phones in the air in
the streets outside the Hong Kong Government
Complex on September 29, 2014 in Hong Kong.
 Riot police fire teargas to disperse protesters in
Hong Kong.
 Thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators
gather outside Hong Kong's government
headquarters.

6.  A protester raises placards that read "Occupy
Central" and "Civil disobedience" in front of riot
policemen.
 Police stand guard as students carry a defaced
cutout of Hong Kong Chief Executive Leung Chun-
ying during a protest march to his residence in
Hong Kong.
 A secondary school student wears a yellow ribbon
pinned to her T-shirt during a rally against Beijing's
election framework for Hong Kong.
 Tens of thousands of protesters block traffic on the
main road leading to Hong Kong's Central district
on September 28, 2014.

7.  A student pro-democracy protester covers his face
in plastic wrap to protect against pepper spray.
 Protesters wear masks and goggles to protect
themselves from pepper spray while blocking a
police car outside the government headquarters.
 Riot police launch tear gas into the crowd as
thousands of protesters surround the government
headquarters.
 Riot police fire pepper spray on student protesters
surrounding the government headquarters
 Police pepper spray protesters after thousands of
people block a main road.

9. UNREST IN ROMANIA
 Social issues
 Romania is the country with the highest poverty
levels in the European Union. More than 30% of the
population lives on less than $5 per day. In a report
conducted by the Presidential Commission for the
Analysis of Social and Demographic Risks is
specified that there are visible discrepancies
between social strata, privileged groups benefiting of
higher wages and pensions in comparison with the
rest of the population.Bankruptcy of many
companies thickens the unemployment rate, in July
2013 reaching the value of 7.6%, highest since onset
of the economic crisis in 2010.[3] Other companies,
including state companies –Romanian
Post, Romanian Railways, are on the verge of
bankruptcy, being forced to make cutbacks.

10. 2013 social protests
 Worsening working conditions, mass layoffs and poor
payroll have taken to the streets thousands of
employees even in the early days of 2013.
 . Probably the most dramatic and publicized case
is Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea, one of the largest chemical
companies in Romania.
 The company recorded losses of €90.3 million in the
fourth quarter of 2011, thus ending the year with a
negative result of 270 millioNlei.
 The company's leadership was forced to reduce
expenses and liabilities, even without announcing
employees.
 The company's leadership was forced to reduce
expenses and liabilities, even without announcing
employees.
 . Protests took place throughout the year, one of the
largest being organized on 28 March, when nearly
1,500 employees refused to start work and blocked the

11.  The unrest escalated with the storming of company's
headquarters on 4 July, while in the subsequent months,
some employees launched a hunger strike.
 CFS CRISIS
 The deplorable situation of the national railway company took
to the streets thousands of employees under the threat of job
loss or salary reduction.
 On 16 January 2013, thousands of employees triggered a
spontaneous strike,[51] 138 trains being blocked for several
hours in major railway stations in the country,
including Bucharest, Craiova, ClujNapoca, Iași, Galați andCo
nstanța.
 A larger strike took place on 23 April 2014, when, for two
hours, rail traffic was paralyzed in major train stations in the
country.
 About 400 passenger trains and 200 freight trains stood in the

13. PROTEST IN TURKEY
 A wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey began on 28
May 2013, initially to contest the urban development plan
for Istanbul's Taksim Gezi Park. The protests were sparked by
outrage at the violent eviction of a sit-in at the park protesting the
plan.[79] Subsequently, supporting protests and strikes took place
across Turkey protesting a wide range of concerns, at the core of
which were issues of freedom of the press, of expression, assembly,
and the government's encroachment on Turkey's secularism. With
no centralised leadership beyond the small assembly that organized
the original environmental protest, the protests have been compared
to the Occupy movement and the May 1968 events. Social
media played a key part in the protests, not least because much of
the Turkish media downplayed the protests, particularly in the early
stages. 3.5 million of Turkey's 80 million people are estimated to
have taken an active part in almost 5,000 demonstrations across
Turkey connected with the original Gezi Park protest.[80] 11 people
were killed and more than 8,000 were injured, many critically

14.  The sit-in at Taksim Gezi Park was
restored after police withdrew
from Taksim Square on 1 June, and
developed into an Occupy-like camp with
thousands of protesters in tents,
organising a library, medical center, food
distribution, and their own media. After
the Gezi Park camp was cleared by riot
police on 15 June, protesters began to
meet in other parks all around Turkey
and organised public forums to discuss
ways forward for the protests.. In
addition to the 11 deaths and over 8,000
injuries, more than 3,000 arrests were
made.

15. During Gezi Park protests
 Standing man/woman protests
 Riot police clearing Gezi Park on 15
June

16.  2013 May On the morning of 28 May,
around 50 environmentalists are camping
out in Gezi Park in order to prevent its
demolition.
 Photos of the scene, such as an image
of a young female protester (later
nicknamed the"woman in red") holding
her ground while being sprayed by a
policeman, quickly spread throughout the
world media.
 The size of the protests grows.[156]
 Online activists' calls for support against
the police crackdown increase the
number of sit-in protesters by the

17. Demands
On 4 June a solidarity group associated with the Occupy
Gezi movement, Taksim Dayanışması ("Taksim
Solidarity"), issued several demands
 the preservation of Gezi Park;
 an end to police violence, the right to freedom of
assembly and the prosecution of those responsible for
the violence against demonstrators;
 an end to the sale of "public spaces, beaches, waters,
forests, streams, parks and urban symbols to private
companies, large holdings and investors";
 the right of people to express their "needs and
complaints without experiencing fear, arrest or torture."
 for the media "whose professional duty is to protect the
public good and relay correct information ... to act in an
ethical and professional way."
 ruling authorities to realise that the reaction of the
citizens is also about the third airport in Istanbul, the
third bridge over The Bosporus, the construction

18. ISRAELI SOCIAL JUSTICE
MOVEMENT
 The 2011 Israeli social justice protests
 which are also referred to by various other names in
the media, were a series of demonstrations
in Israel beginning in July 2011 involving hundreds of
thousands of protesters from a variety of socio-
economic and religious backgrounds opposing the
continuing rise in the cost of living (particularly housing)
and the deterioration of public services such as health
and education. A common rallying cry at the
demonstrations was the chant; "The people demand
social justice!".
 As the protests expanded during August 2011, the
demonstrations began to also focus on other related
issues relating to the social order and power structure in
Israel.

19.  A major focus of the protests have been what organizers
have termed social justice. Part of the movement is about
changing the social order, and the economic system. Calls
to topple the government were made by some parts of the
protests.[1] Criticism of the protests includes accusations of
a political agenda rather than a social one with revelations
of funding from specific left-wing individuals and
organizations like S. Daniel Abraham and the New Israel
Fund.[2] Maariv journalist Kalman Libeskind claimed that the
spontaneous protests had actually been three months in
the planning by Stan Greenberg and orchestrated by left-
wing organizations and The National Left.[3] Criticism within
the protests accused the 'protest leaders' of not publicizing
specific goals, the lack of visibility of their goals, and the
damaging impact of media focus being on a few activists.[4]
 Following the first large-scale protests in early August, the
government announced that a series of measures would
taken to solve the housing shortage, some of which were
already under preparation and ratification, and some which
were new measures proposed in response to the demands
of the protest movement leadership

21. DEMAND
 The initial objective of the leaders of the protest movement
focused on reducing the costs of housing in Israel. For the
most part, the protest leadership has declared that they would
not offer any concrete solutions to the crisis on the grounds
that it is not their role, but the government's role. However,
the demonstrators in Tel Aviv have promised to work together
with the Knesset members and other decision makers to
promote legislation aimed at protecting apartment renters
against exploitation of their hardships by landlords, in a way
that would correspond to similar legislation worldwide.[79] At
some of the public events, protesters call revolution, for
Netanyahu's resignation, and the downfall of the
government.[69][80]
 1. A new taxation system would be implemented
 2. Free schooling from an early age.
 3. Privatization of state-owned enterprises would end.
 4. More resources would be invested on public

23. BOLIVIAN PROTEST
 The 2011 Bolivian protests were a series of
demonstrations by indigenous peoples who
opposed the construction of the Villa Tunari –
San Ignacio de Moxos Highway through
the Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous
Territory, similar to theTrans-Amazonian
Highway in Brazil, the ancestral lands of over
12,000 indigenous residents, from
the Chimane, Yuracaré, and Mojeño-Trinitario
peoples.[1] The subcentral TIPNIS, the
Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia
(CIDOB), and the highland indigenous
confederation CONAMAQ—supported by other
indigenous and environmental groups—
organised a march from Trinidad, Beni to the
national capital La Paz in opposition to the
project, beginning on 15 August 2011.[

24.  The highway project was supported by domestic
migrants, highland indigenous groups affiliated
with peasant organizations, and the
government.During the protests the lowland
tribes peoples briefly held Foreign Minister David
Choquehuanca in their protests so as to pass
through a police roadblock. Defense
Minister María Chacón Rendón later resigned as
a result of the violent crackdown on protests on
24 September that caused four deaths; due to
the adverse reaction to the government
crackdown Interior Minister Sacha Llorenti also
resigned.. Protests were held in the national
capital La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa
Cruz, Yucomo,Rurrenabaque, Trinidad, San
Antonio, El Alto and Beni.
 n April 2012, a new round of protest marches
commences in protest against Morales'
continued support for the project

25.  More than 1,700 protesters, including pregnant women and
children, joined the 375-mile
 On 25 September, after the protesters reached
the Yucomo region led to police firing tear gas and detaining
some protesters, it also led to several injuries and four deaths.
 ]Maria Carvajal, a rights activist, said that the police attacked the
protest camp with "extreme violence" and that she "could not
believe what was happening." The next day, protesters returned
and set barricades on fire at the airport runway
in Rurrenabaque in order to secure the release of 300 protesters
who had been arrested, according to Mayor Yerko Nunez.
Protests also occurred in the capital city of La Paz as riot police
had to organize a security cordon around the Quemada
government building, where thousands of protesters denounced
the crackdown. Solidarity protests were also held
in Cochabamba (the scene of similar anti-government riots prior
to Morales taking office, which some said were instrumental in
leading the social movements that brought Morales to power,
with student protests and members of
the Aymara and Quechua indigenous peoples beginning
a hunger strike

26.  On 28 September, several thousands again gathered to
protest against the government crackdown and to defend
the national park. The Central Obrera Boliviana called for
a 24-hour general strike though some businesses stayed
open, schools and medical services were affected. The
strikers marched outside the capital of La Paz to El Alto.
 The protesters were said to be encouraged by the
solidarity protests in the urban areas and the general
strike..
 On 19 October, almost 2,000 protesters reached the
capital city of La Paz. Despite the suspension of the
project the protest march continued in order to see the
project canceled. d that the protest march would continue