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Przejścia fazowe w 1D modelu Isinga
z zerotemperaturową dynamiką Galubera
Daniel Kosalla
Wydział Fizyki i Astronomii
Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Wrocław, 28.06.2013
Plan
• Teoria
• Model Isinga
• Dynamika Glaubera
• Updating
• Porpozycja zaganienia
• Analiza wstępnych wyników
Ferromagnetyki
i antyferromagnetyki
Antyferromagnetyk
• “Spiny w przeciwne strony”
• Magnetyzacja
• m = 0
• Gęstość bondów
• ρ = 1
+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Ferromagnetyk
• “Spiny w jedną stronę”
• Magnetyzacja
• m = ± 1
• Gęstość bondów
• ρ = 0
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
Przejście fazowe
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Model Isinga
• Matematyczny model
ferromagnetyka
• Propozycja '
• Wilhelm Lenz (1920)
• Opis ścisły w 1D ''
• Ernst Ising (1925)
• Energia opisywana
hamiltionianem (H)
Ernst Ising (1900-1998)
[http://theor.jinr.ru/~kuzemsky/isingbio.html]
' Ising, E. (1925), "Beitrag zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus", Z. Phys. 31: 253–258
Dynamika Metropolisa
• Wybierz losowy węzeł (spin)
• Oblicz zmianę energii (∆E = Hnowe - H)
powstałą jeżeli spin by się obrócił
• Jeżeli ∆E < 0 to dokonaj obrotu
• Jeżeli ∆E ≥0 to dokonaj obrotu z
prawdopodobieństwem exp(-∆E/kT)
' Metropolis, N.; Rosenbluth,A.W.; Rosenbluth, M.N.;Teller,A.H.;Teller, E. (1953). "Equations of State Calculations by Fast
Computing Machines". Journal of Chemical Physics 21 (6)
Jeżeli T = 0 ' ''
• Jeżeli ∆E < 0 to dokonaj obrotu
• Jeżeli ∆E > 0 to nic nie rób
• Jeżeli ∆E = 0 to obróć ze stałym
prawdopodobieństwem W0
' Gdy T → 0 to przybliżamy je jako równe 0
' ' R. J. Glauber, J. Math. Phys. 4, 294 (1963)
Sekwencyjnie
Sekwencyjnie
Sekwencyjnie
Sekwencyjnie
Sekwencyjnie
Sekwencyjnie
Synchronicznie
Synchronicznie
1
Synchronicznie
1
2
Synchronicznie
1
2
3
• Jak algorytm synchroniczny
• Aktualizujemy tylko część (c = (0,1])
spinów
• c = 1/L' - sekwencyjnie
• c = 1 - synchronicznie
C Sekwencyjnie
' L - długość siatki
cL - ile spinów będzie odwróconych
C Sekwencyjnie
1
C Sekwencyjnie
2
1
C Sekwencyjnie
2
1 3
C Sekwencyjnie
Pomysł
Zmienne c w czasie?
Aktualizacja
c-sekwencyjna ze zmiennym c
1. Wylosuj parametr c
2. Aktualizujemy cL spinów wg algorytmu c
sekwencyjnego
c zadane rozkładem
• Trójkątny
• Normalny
• Jednostajny
• ...
0 0.5 1
Rozkład trójkatny
• Sigma = 0.50 Mean = 0.50
• Sigma = 0.25 Mean = 0.50
• Sigma = 0.25 Mean = 0.25
0 0.5 1
0 0.5 1
0 0.5 1
Badania
Ograniczenia
• Tylko c zadane
gęstością trójkątną
• Mała liczba uśrednień
• Relatywnie mała
gęstość punktów -
próbek
Gęstość bondów po 105
krokach
W0 = 0.51
Gęstość bondów po 105
krokach
W0 = 0.51, 0.63, 0.76, 1.0
Piersza hipoteza
Im wieksze W0 tym trudniej osiągnąć stan stacjonarny?
Problem z przejściem
czy za krótki czas
symulacji?
Czas symulacji
W0 = 0.51
Czas symulacji
W0 = 0.51, 0.63, 0.76, 1.0
Jak wygląda system w
trakcie symulacji?
( Przykład:W0=0.51 csigma=0.2 cmean=0.2 )
W0 = 0.51
Zwiększamy czas...
Czy osiągneliśmy
granicę czasu?
Jak zachowują się
punkty “pod kreską”?
Gęstość bondów po
107 i105 krokach
Druga hipoteza
Im więcej czasu tym większa część próbek przechodzi
do stanu stacjonarnego
Porównanie
Text
B. Skorupa, K. Sznajd-Weron, and R.Topolnicki.
Phase diagram for a zero- temperature Glauber
dynamics under partially synchronous updates,
Phys. Rev. E 86, 051113 (2012)
Pytanie na przyszłość
Czy dla pewnych parametrów W0, csigma, cmean
przejście fazowe nie wystepuje?
Kontynuacja pracy
Kontynuacja
• Dokładniejsze symulacje:
• Wyższe limity czasowe
• Więcej uśrednień
• Gęstsza siatka (W0, csigma, cmean)
• Pozostałe rozkłady
Bonus
Doświadczenia
• C. Coulon, et al. Glauber dynamics in a single-chain
magnet: From theory to real systems Phys. Rev. B 69 (2004)
• L. Bogani, et al. Single chain magnets: where to from here?
J. Mater. Chem., 18, (2008)
• H. Miyasaka, et. al. Slow Dynamics of the Magnetization in
One- Dimensional Coordination. Polymers: Single-Chain
Magnets Inorg. Chem., 48, (2009)
• R.O. Kuzian, et. al. Ca2Y2Cu5O10: the first frustrated
quasi-1D ferromagnet close to criticality, Phys. Rev. Letters,
109, (2012)
Doświadczenia
Szczególne podziękowania
kieruję do Pani Profesor Katarzyny Sznajd-Weron
Dziękuję za uwagę

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Glauber0 tising1d