The document discusses several women - Matilda Bradley Carse, Alice Austen, Ani DiFranco, and Marilyn Monroe - and how each approached the traditional role of women in their respective time periods. Matilda advocated for temperance and women's rights through leadership in organizations. Alice Austen was an early female photographer who documented all levels of society. Ani DiFranco challenged norms as a feminist musician and business owner. In contrast, Marilyn Monroe achieved fame but often accommodated pressures to conform to expectations of beauty and marriage.

2. Each woman faced the decision to either challenge or accommodate the traditional role of women. Matilda Bradley Carse Alice Austen Ani DeFranco Marilyn Monroe

3. Matilda Bradley Carse Born September 19, 1835 Time Period she was active: Gilded Age (mid 1860s to early 1900s)

4. Women and the Gilded Age Known for political involvement during campaigns and elections Began to take action in prohibition

5. Matilda’s Many Involvements WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) WTPA (Women’s Temperance Publishing Association) Temperance Temple

6. Matilda and the WCTU She was the president of the Chicago chapter of the WCTU Sponsored activities that took place in the WCTU Was capable of providing economic aid to the WCTU through various fund raisers she put together. Created social reforms to aid the Chicago Slums

7. Logo of the WCTU

8. Matilda and the WTPA She founded the association, this published a weekly newspaper called “The Signal”. This association published books and articles that were in favor of the WCTU and the temperance movement. She provided employment for many women. Wrote various articles herself. Overall a success as a businesswomen.

9. Matilda and the Temperance Temple Her last project Meant to provide funds for the WCTU Never fully developed Considered a failure Matilda died shortly after in 1917

10. Alice Austen

11. Alice Austen Austen was born in 1866 in Staten Island, NY She began taking photographs at age 10

12. Alice Austen: The Victorian Age The Victorian Age lasted from the year 1837 to 1901 Leisure activities became very popular including bicycling, tennis, and traveling

13. Text Photos by Alice Austen of friends cycling, practicing gymnastics and goofing around

14. Alice Austen: The Victorian Age Women were expected to marry early and create happy, comfortable homes for their families However, Austen never married, but instead formed strong bonds with other women, a practice that received much negative attention during the time period

15. “ Julia Martin, Julia Bredt and Self Dressed Up as Men” 1891 “ Darned Club” 1891

16. A Victorian Age Photographer Aside from capturing upper-middle class life, Austen also photographed those at the bottom of society The Victorian Era saw a large influx of immigrants into the country especially into large cities such as New York where Austen lived

17. Below: “Hester Street, Egg Stand Group” 1895 A perfect example of lower class life in New York City

18. Life for most 19 th century immigrants in New York was all about work, including young children, like the ones below

19. Alice Austen: A woman Before her time -One of the first female photographers in a male dominated sphere -Did not marry or have children -Spent her life with a female companion -Photographed the world as she saw it, both the good and the bad

20. Ani DiFranco (1970- )

21. “ I think it’s really important for people to tell their story, so I want to be as frank as possible… It’s especially important for women, because the dominant history is male.” –Ani Difranco Born in Buffalo, New York on September 23, 1970 as Angela Maria DiFranco. Age 9- She began to learn and play guitar. Age 11- Parents divorced Age 15- Declared herself an emancipated minor. Graduates high school in three years leading her to pursue a career in music. Age 19- Starts her own record label: Righteous Babe Records

22. Significance She is a business woman, musician and political activist. Independent Folk artist [18 albums and numerous Grammy nominations] Has won a Grammy, a Woman of Courage, and numerous awards for her outstanding work

23. Challenging traditional role of women Propaganda via Righteous Babe Records Her popularity is mostly explained because she is outspoken about her business and ideals... Most of her songs deal with politics, racism, sexism, sexual abuse, homophobia, reproductive rights, poverty, and war.

24. Challenging the Status Quo In the early 1990s, created Righteous Babe Records and began to release music As the music turned larger many began to follow in her footsteps. [like Madonna] Many in the music industry began to be like-minded and started their own business and revel in the complete artistic freedom. She began something and others have followed.

25. March for Women's Lives April 25, 2004- Washington, D.C Ani singing and playing guitar for the audience “My body is all that I own”

26. On her own… Folk music: writes, plays and produces her music Contributes to the feminist movement just like many influential women do Works for what she believes is right and gets recognized for her individual hard work Understands the meaning of DIY and informs others of it.

27. Ani in the end... Independent folk artist who speaks out about politics, feminism and other touchy subjects to get the word out. Does what she does because it makes her happy “ I was able to quit my day job and devote myself to what I love.”

29. Born in Los Angeles on June 1, 1926 Spent most of her childhood in and out of orphanages before getting married at age 16

30. Changing to fit in In 1945 Marilyn started her modeling career, and began bleaching her hair blonde due to the agency wanting a model with lighter hair. As a model she took whatever jobs her modeling agency offered to her was on the cover of many magazines including Playboy in 1953.

31. Changing her name In 1947 it was suggested by a head of a movie studio that Monroe should change her name from her original name Norma Jean Baker to Marilyn Monroe.

32. Films In films such as Don’t Bother to Knock , Gentlemen Prefer Blondes , and How to Marry A Millionaire Monroe became known for playing the ditzy dumb blonde characters.

33. Marriage During the 1950’s women were supposed to get married and start a family. Marilyn Monroe was married three times: James Dougherty, 1942-1946 Joe DiMaggio, 1954 Arthur Miller, 1956-1961 Marilyn and Joe DiMaggio

34. Death Despite all of the glamour that Marilyn was surrounded by, she had become dependant on anti- depressants. Marilyn Monroe died on August 5, 1962 of an overdose which was also considered to be a probable suicide in her home in Los Angeles.

35. Going with the status quo Marilyn Monroe went along with what others wanted her to be and was never completely happy. While she was a famous actress, she was mostly known for being a sex symbol.

36. While some women have gone along with what others have wanted them to be many have chosen to go against it and still be as successful and in some cases happier than those who followed the traditional role of women.