Florida has pursued tough-on-crime policies that have led to massive growth in its prison population, currently over 102,000 inmates. This policy of "warehousing human beings" in increasingly overcrowded prisons costs taxpayers billions while doing little to reduce recidivism rates or address the underlying issues like addiction that drive criminal behavior. The prison system has become a huge industry with incentives to continue policies that prioritize incarceration over rehabilitation.
RBG Prison Planet Presentation by RBG RAW SISTA ATYEB BA ATUM REAtyeb Atum RE
This document provides information about the largest prison strike in US history that occurred in April 2011 across multiple Georgia prisons. The strike involved prisoners from multiple racial groups and was in protest of slave labor practices and conditions in US prisons. It highlights how the 13th Amendment technically allows slavery to continue in US prison systems. Several facts are presented about the disproportionately high US incarceration rate compared to other nations and the focus on non-violent drug offenses for incarcerating people. Overall it aims to raise awareness about inhumane prison conditions and the ongoing issues of slavery in the US criminal justice system.
This document summarizes arguments against approving the Keystone XL pipeline project and supporting Hillary Clinton's potential candidacy for president in 2016. It argues that approving the pipeline would undermine efforts to address climate change, as the oil would be exported rather than used domestically and would increase gas prices. It also argues that Hillary Clinton cannot be trusted to represent the interests of the Democratic base, as she has taken donations from Wall Street and supported policies like the Iraq War that are not sufficiently progressive. Approving the pipeline and supporting Clinton's candidacy would be steps backward instead of toward meaningful political reform.
The Use of Corporal Punishment in South African Schools - XM MadunaXolani Maduna
This document discusses corporal punishment in schools. It begins by defining corporal punishment and outlining arguments for and against its use. Negative consequences of corporal punishment are then examined, including negative impacts on learners' academic performance and socialization. Learners and teachers are shown to have negative attitudes towards corporal punishment due to the fear and lack of respect it creates. Alternatives to corporal punishment are needed that focus on positive discipline and understanding learners. In conclusion, the document argues against corporal punishment and for alternative disciplinary methods.
The document discusses the 8th Amendment protections against excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment. It provides a brief history of punishment in the US and how the 8th Amendment has been applied and interpreted over time through legislation and court cases. Key topics covered include bail, fines, asset forfeiture, the death penalty, and prisoner treatment. The document examines how interpretations of "cruel and unusual" have evolved based on changing societal views.
This slideshow is the result of student work for the module SS11006 Criminal Justice Environment 1 on the FdA Criminology & Criminal Justice programme at the University Centre at Blackburn College.
The "What is Zemiology?" research project seeks to benefit local communities by improving levels of public awareness of the kind of harms investigated by the criminal justice system. The project aims to challenge conventional representations of 'crime' by mass media such as newspapers and television.
Please see http://youtu.be/8QIILcct6Ik for more.
Current imprisonment rates, future forecasts and security issuesPaul Colbert
This document discusses the implications of current and projected imprisonment rates, as well as security issues, for Australian prison systems. It notes that imprisonment rates in Australia have been steadily increasing and are projected to continue rising. This expansion is unsustainable and alternatives should be explored. The document also examines how the "war on terror" and high-profile terrorism trials have politicized criminal justice processes and affected prison conditions and regimes. Terrorist inmates are often held in highly restrictive "supermax" prisons, which raises human rights concerns around isolation, mental health, and fair trial rights. Overall, the document argues for reversing imprisonment trends through evidence-based crime prevention and for reviewing restrictive prison conditions for terrorism inmates.
Crime Cycle Theory Powerpoint Presentation FinalMelissa Lett
This is a group project presentation for Criminal Theories class, at Fresno Pacific University presented by Christy Walls, Anthony Gutierrez and Melissa Lett March 2010 of the Criminology and Restorative Justice Department. A video is attached and we played a few clips from the 40 min video on the prison system in California.
Functionalists argue that in modern Western societies:
1) Gender roles have become more symmetrical, with men and women taking on similar but not identical roles within the household.
2) The nuclear family is better suited to an industrial society by providing geographical mobility for work opportunities.
3) Through primary socialization, children learn the norms and values of society in the family setting.
RBG Prison Planet Presentation by RBG RAW SISTA ATYEB BA ATUM REAtyeb Atum RE
This document provides information about the largest prison strike in US history that occurred in April 2011 across multiple Georgia prisons. The strike involved prisoners from multiple racial groups and was in protest of slave labor practices and conditions in US prisons. It highlights how the 13th Amendment technically allows slavery to continue in US prison systems. Several facts are presented about the disproportionately high US incarceration rate compared to other nations and the focus on non-violent drug offenses for incarcerating people. Overall it aims to raise awareness about inhumane prison conditions and the ongoing issues of slavery in the US criminal justice system.
This document summarizes arguments against approving the Keystone XL pipeline project and supporting Hillary Clinton's potential candidacy for president in 2016. It argues that approving the pipeline would undermine efforts to address climate change, as the oil would be exported rather than used domestically and would increase gas prices. It also argues that Hillary Clinton cannot be trusted to represent the interests of the Democratic base, as she has taken donations from Wall Street and supported policies like the Iraq War that are not sufficiently progressive. Approving the pipeline and supporting Clinton's candidacy would be steps backward instead of toward meaningful political reform.
The Use of Corporal Punishment in South African Schools - XM MadunaXolani Maduna
This document discusses corporal punishment in schools. It begins by defining corporal punishment and outlining arguments for and against its use. Negative consequences of corporal punishment are then examined, including negative impacts on learners' academic performance and socialization. Learners and teachers are shown to have negative attitudes towards corporal punishment due to the fear and lack of respect it creates. Alternatives to corporal punishment are needed that focus on positive discipline and understanding learners. In conclusion, the document argues against corporal punishment and for alternative disciplinary methods.
The document discusses the 8th Amendment protections against excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment. It provides a brief history of punishment in the US and how the 8th Amendment has been applied and interpreted over time through legislation and court cases. Key topics covered include bail, fines, asset forfeiture, the death penalty, and prisoner treatment. The document examines how interpretations of "cruel and unusual" have evolved based on changing societal views.
This slideshow is the result of student work for the module SS11006 Criminal Justice Environment 1 on the FdA Criminology & Criminal Justice programme at the University Centre at Blackburn College.
The "What is Zemiology?" research project seeks to benefit local communities by improving levels of public awareness of the kind of harms investigated by the criminal justice system. The project aims to challenge conventional representations of 'crime' by mass media such as newspapers and television.
Please see http://youtu.be/8QIILcct6Ik for more.
Current imprisonment rates, future forecasts and security issuesPaul Colbert
This document discusses the implications of current and projected imprisonment rates, as well as security issues, for Australian prison systems. It notes that imprisonment rates in Australia have been steadily increasing and are projected to continue rising. This expansion is unsustainable and alternatives should be explored. The document also examines how the "war on terror" and high-profile terrorism trials have politicized criminal justice processes and affected prison conditions and regimes. Terrorist inmates are often held in highly restrictive "supermax" prisons, which raises human rights concerns around isolation, mental health, and fair trial rights. Overall, the document argues for reversing imprisonment trends through evidence-based crime prevention and for reviewing restrictive prison conditions for terrorism inmates.
Crime Cycle Theory Powerpoint Presentation FinalMelissa Lett
This is a group project presentation for Criminal Theories class, at Fresno Pacific University presented by Christy Walls, Anthony Gutierrez and Melissa Lett March 2010 of the Criminology and Restorative Justice Department. A video is attached and we played a few clips from the 40 min video on the prison system in California.
Functionalists argue that in modern Western societies:
1) Gender roles have become more symmetrical, with men and women taking on similar but not identical roles within the household.
2) The nuclear family is better suited to an industrial society by providing geographical mobility for work opportunities.
3) Through primary socialization, children learn the norms and values of society in the family setting.
This document lists countries that have banned corporal punishment of children from 2005 to 2011. It includes Hungary, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Austria, and other European and some African and South American countries. The last sentence indicates that Estonia banned corporal punishment in 2011. The document also references Article 5 of international law which prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Courts in countries like the UK are presided over by judges or magistrates to hear both civil and criminal cases. Most criminal cases are handled in magistrates courts by non-lawyer magistrates, while more serious cases go to crown courts with juries. Functionalists argue the legal system is fair and equal, while Marxists and feminists believe it favors higher status groups like men and the middle class due to the backgrounds of judges, lawyers and typically all-male juries. Researchers can observe court proceedings but not private discussions between lawyers. Plea bargaining often occurs privately to negotiate guilty pleas to lesser charges.
Functionalists argue that in modern industrial societies:
1) Gender roles are biologically determined, with women suited for expressive caring roles and men for instrumental breadwinning roles.
2) The nuclear family is ideal as it provides geographical mobility needed for work and allows children to learn societal norms through primary socialization.
3) Society offers equal opportunities for social mobility and success through meritocratic systems.
Chapter 12 - The Eighth Amendment: Bail, Fines, and Punishmentlisajurs
The document summarizes key aspects of the Eighth Amendment, including that it prohibits excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment. It discusses controversies around the death penalty and how the Supreme Court has interpreted and applied the Eighth Amendment over time in cases related to bail, fines, punishment, and prison conditions. It provides examples of cases that have addressed whether certain punishments or conditions constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
Crime can be defined legally as acts that break laws and are punishable by the state, or normatively as acts that violate social norms. Criminology is the study of crime, including its causes and society's responses. Crimes include felonies, serious offenses punishable by over a year in prison, and misdemeanors, less serious crimes punishable by fines and up to a year in jail. Biological, psychological, social, and economic factors may all influence why individuals commit crimes. Societies use criminal laws and punishments to deter criminal acts and protect public safety and welfare.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of prisons in Britain. It discusses how in early years there was little need for prisons and punishment was typically death or exile. It then describes the founding of a new prison in the 18th century to replace outdated facilities. This new prison had 600 cells and standardized rules separating prisoners by gender and crime. Various punishments were used, including fettering, flogging, and the treadmill. Different cell types housed prisoners differently, with the pits being the worst conditions. Over time, reforms improved living standards and separated debtors from felons.
This document provides an overview of criminology, including definitions, history, and theories. It discusses how criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. The history section outlines the evolution of criminology from classical to positivist to sociological approaches. Classical criminology focused on free will and choice, while positivist criminology examined internal/biological factors. Sociological criminology analyzed the influence of social structure, processes, and conflicts on criminal behavior. Contemporary criminology takes a developmental perspective, seeing criminality as dynamically influenced over time by individual characteristics and social experiences.
The document discusses corporal punishment of children and argues for prohibiting it. It defines corporal punishment and outlines its various forms. It discusses the prevalence of corporal punishment in the Philippines and its negative consequences, which include escalation of violence over time, encouraging aggression in children, and psychological damage. The document argues prohibition is needed because corporal punishment violates children's rights and can cause them serious harm. It notes that international agreements like the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child require prohibiting corporal punishment.
This document discusses ethics, law, and common issues that teachers may face from legal and ethical perspectives. It addresses what defines ethical conduct for teachers, their responsibilities under the law, and how the law relates to issues like child abuse reporting, the use of reasonable force, copyright, freedom of expression, and student rights. The document also covers considerations around teacher lifestyle and behavior, student privacy, religion in schools, and how federal laws can influence K-12 education. Overall, the document provides an overview of the complex legal and ethical landscape that teachers must navigate.
The document outlines a two-pronged approach to tackling crime proposed by Left Realism. The first prong is to improve policing through increased accountability to local communities and a multi-agency approach. The second prong is to address the deeper structural causes of crime through major societal changes like reducing inequality, discrimination, improving access to jobs, housing and facilities, and increasing tolerance. The document argues that both policing improvements and addressing societal inequities are needed to effectively reduce crime.
The document provides a history of punishments from ancient times through the 18th century. It describes physical punishments used in ancient Israel, Greece, Rome, and other early civilizations including various forms of execution, mutilation, torture, and public humiliation. It then discusses the emergence of incarceration through the establishment of workhouses and the philosophical shift toward imprisoning criminals that led to the development of the modern prison system.
The document discusses several methods for measuring crime: police recorded crime statistics, victimization surveys, and self-reported offending surveys. It notes that police statistics can be unreliable because crimes may be misclassified or not recorded at all. Victimization surveys interview over 51,000 people annually and can find higher crime levels than police statistics, especially for sensitive crimes. However, all methods only provide information about crimes, not offenders. Self-reported surveys ask about illegal acts but respondents may lie, and only certain groups like students are surveyed, limiting representativeness.
This document discusses the issue of corporal punishment in schools in India. It provides several headlines of incidents where teachers physically abused students, such as beating them with belts or cutting their hair. The document defines corporal punishment and outlines its negative effects on children's physical and mental health as well as cognitive development. It discusses how corporal punishment violates children's fundamental rights under the Indian constitution and can constitute criminal offenses under the Indian Penal Code. The document concludes by advocating for positive disciplinary approaches in schools that do not involve physical or emotional abuse of children.
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries
Age of Criminal responsibility and Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
A Compilation by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
1) The document provides an overview of theories about families and households, including functionalist and Marxist perspectives. It discusses the key definitions of family and household.
2) Functionalist theories presented include those by Murdock, Parsons, and Talcott Parsons. They view the family as fulfilling important social functions. Marxist theories discussed include those of Engels, Zaretsky, and Althusser/Poulantzas, which argue that the family benefits capitalism by socializing ideology and providing emotional support for workers.
3) The document evaluates these theories and notes criticisms such as functionalism ignoring family conflicts and Marxism exaggerating the family's role in capitalism. It provides an overall evaluation of functionalist perspectives
Situational crime prevention focuses on reducing criminal opportunities by managing the environment. It is based on a rational choice theory of crime. Critics argue it may displace rather than reduce crime, and ignores root causes. "Broken windows theory" argues disorder sends a signal that no one cares, attracting more crime. Evidence from NYC found reducing graffiti and targeting minor offenses reduced crime. However, other factors like increased police may have contributed. Social prevention targets potential offenders' social contexts to remove predisposing conditions. The Perry Preschool project found early childhood programs reduced lifetime arrests. Punishment is justified as retribution or crime reduction. Retribution expresses social outrage, while reduction deters, rehabilitates or incapacitates offenders. Marx
The document discusses corporal punishment, which is defined as any physical punishment intended to cause pain or discomfort. It notes various physical and psychological consequences of corporal punishment, including lifelong damage, loss of interest in learning, increased absenteeism and dropout rates, and the normalization of violence. As alternatives, it suggests understanding factors that influence child behavior, meeting children's emotional needs, and establishing a teacher code of conduct. Positive discipline and non-violent conflict resolution are presented as more effective approaches that improve children's development and relationships.
This document discusses social policy and its impact on families from different sociological perspectives. It provides examples of policies from the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and China to show how governments can influence family life. Students are asked to research these policies and discuss their potential effects. The document also examines how the UK government intervenes in families through policies, comparing approaches between political groups like New Labour and the Coalition. Overall, the goal is for students to understand social policy and analyze perspectives on the family.
This document provides character analyses for Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It analyzes several major characters including Semyon Zaharovitch Marmeladov, Katerina Ivanovna, Arkady Ivanovitch Svidrigailov, Pyotr Petrovitch Luzhin, Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Sonia Semyonovna, and the protagonist Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov. For each character it discusses their background, desires, psychological issues, and how their desires were ultimately displaced or resolved.
Conservatism is difficult to define because conservatives value tradition over rigid ideology and focus more on opposing change than proposing solutions. Key conservative beliefs include respecting traditions that have stood the test of time, acknowledging human fallibility, favoring social order over individual liberty, and seeing society as a complex organic system not easily improved by human design. Conservative thought encompasses traditional support for hierarchy, authority, and private property as well as more libertarian support for free markets. Modern variants like neoconservatism emphasize restoring social discipline and traditional values.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The imprisonment of human beings at record levels is both a moral failure and an economic one—especially at a time when more and more Americans are struggling to make ends meet and when state governments confront enormous fiscal crises. This report finds, however, that mass incarceration provides a gigantic windfall for one special interest group—the private prison industry—even as current incarceration levels harm the country as a whole. While the nation’s unprecedented rate of imprisonment deprives individuals of freedom, wrests loved ones from their families, and drains the resources of governments, communities, and taxpayers, the private prison industry reaps lucrative rewards. As the public good suffers from mass incarceration, private prison companies obtain more and more government dollars, and private prison executives at the leading companies rake in enormous compensation packages, in some cases totaling millions of dollars.
Restoring Fair Trade, Prosperity and Food Security - a presentation by Mike C...Ranch Foods Direct
The document discusses the decline of rural America and problems with the modern industrial food system. It notes that corporate interests have taken over government and rural economies. Family farms have struggled as agriculture has become globalized and consolidated. The industrial food system produces food cheaply but at the cost of animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and human health as seen in the rise of diet-related diseases. The document advocates for re-localizing and reconnecting consumers with local farmers and ranchers to build a safer and more sustainable food system.
This document lists countries that have banned corporal punishment of children from 2005 to 2011. It includes Hungary, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Austria, and other European and some African and South American countries. The last sentence indicates that Estonia banned corporal punishment in 2011. The document also references Article 5 of international law which prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Courts in countries like the UK are presided over by judges or magistrates to hear both civil and criminal cases. Most criminal cases are handled in magistrates courts by non-lawyer magistrates, while more serious cases go to crown courts with juries. Functionalists argue the legal system is fair and equal, while Marxists and feminists believe it favors higher status groups like men and the middle class due to the backgrounds of judges, lawyers and typically all-male juries. Researchers can observe court proceedings but not private discussions between lawyers. Plea bargaining often occurs privately to negotiate guilty pleas to lesser charges.
Functionalists argue that in modern industrial societies:
1) Gender roles are biologically determined, with women suited for expressive caring roles and men for instrumental breadwinning roles.
2) The nuclear family is ideal as it provides geographical mobility needed for work and allows children to learn societal norms through primary socialization.
3) Society offers equal opportunities for social mobility and success through meritocratic systems.
Chapter 12 - The Eighth Amendment: Bail, Fines, and Punishmentlisajurs
The document summarizes key aspects of the Eighth Amendment, including that it prohibits excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment. It discusses controversies around the death penalty and how the Supreme Court has interpreted and applied the Eighth Amendment over time in cases related to bail, fines, punishment, and prison conditions. It provides examples of cases that have addressed whether certain punishments or conditions constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
Crime can be defined legally as acts that break laws and are punishable by the state, or normatively as acts that violate social norms. Criminology is the study of crime, including its causes and society's responses. Crimes include felonies, serious offenses punishable by over a year in prison, and misdemeanors, less serious crimes punishable by fines and up to a year in jail. Biological, psychological, social, and economic factors may all influence why individuals commit crimes. Societies use criminal laws and punishments to deter criminal acts and protect public safety and welfare.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of prisons in Britain. It discusses how in early years there was little need for prisons and punishment was typically death or exile. It then describes the founding of a new prison in the 18th century to replace outdated facilities. This new prison had 600 cells and standardized rules separating prisoners by gender and crime. Various punishments were used, including fettering, flogging, and the treadmill. Different cell types housed prisoners differently, with the pits being the worst conditions. Over time, reforms improved living standards and separated debtors from felons.
This document provides an overview of criminology, including definitions, history, and theories. It discusses how criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. The history section outlines the evolution of criminology from classical to positivist to sociological approaches. Classical criminology focused on free will and choice, while positivist criminology examined internal/biological factors. Sociological criminology analyzed the influence of social structure, processes, and conflicts on criminal behavior. Contemporary criminology takes a developmental perspective, seeing criminality as dynamically influenced over time by individual characteristics and social experiences.
The document discusses corporal punishment of children and argues for prohibiting it. It defines corporal punishment and outlines its various forms. It discusses the prevalence of corporal punishment in the Philippines and its negative consequences, which include escalation of violence over time, encouraging aggression in children, and psychological damage. The document argues prohibition is needed because corporal punishment violates children's rights and can cause them serious harm. It notes that international agreements like the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child require prohibiting corporal punishment.
This document discusses ethics, law, and common issues that teachers may face from legal and ethical perspectives. It addresses what defines ethical conduct for teachers, their responsibilities under the law, and how the law relates to issues like child abuse reporting, the use of reasonable force, copyright, freedom of expression, and student rights. The document also covers considerations around teacher lifestyle and behavior, student privacy, religion in schools, and how federal laws can influence K-12 education. Overall, the document provides an overview of the complex legal and ethical landscape that teachers must navigate.
The document outlines a two-pronged approach to tackling crime proposed by Left Realism. The first prong is to improve policing through increased accountability to local communities and a multi-agency approach. The second prong is to address the deeper structural causes of crime through major societal changes like reducing inequality, discrimination, improving access to jobs, housing and facilities, and increasing tolerance. The document argues that both policing improvements and addressing societal inequities are needed to effectively reduce crime.
The document provides a history of punishments from ancient times through the 18th century. It describes physical punishments used in ancient Israel, Greece, Rome, and other early civilizations including various forms of execution, mutilation, torture, and public humiliation. It then discusses the emergence of incarceration through the establishment of workhouses and the philosophical shift toward imprisoning criminals that led to the development of the modern prison system.
The document discusses several methods for measuring crime: police recorded crime statistics, victimization surveys, and self-reported offending surveys. It notes that police statistics can be unreliable because crimes may be misclassified or not recorded at all. Victimization surveys interview over 51,000 people annually and can find higher crime levels than police statistics, especially for sensitive crimes. However, all methods only provide information about crimes, not offenders. Self-reported surveys ask about illegal acts but respondents may lie, and only certain groups like students are surveyed, limiting representativeness.
This document discusses the issue of corporal punishment in schools in India. It provides several headlines of incidents where teachers physically abused students, such as beating them with belts or cutting their hair. The document defines corporal punishment and outlines its negative effects on children's physical and mental health as well as cognitive development. It discusses how corporal punishment violates children's fundamental rights under the Indian constitution and can constitute criminal offenses under the Indian Penal Code. The document concludes by advocating for positive disciplinary approaches in schools that do not involve physical or emotional abuse of children.
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries
Age of Criminal responsibility and Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
A Compilation by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
1) The document provides an overview of theories about families and households, including functionalist and Marxist perspectives. It discusses the key definitions of family and household.
2) Functionalist theories presented include those by Murdock, Parsons, and Talcott Parsons. They view the family as fulfilling important social functions. Marxist theories discussed include those of Engels, Zaretsky, and Althusser/Poulantzas, which argue that the family benefits capitalism by socializing ideology and providing emotional support for workers.
3) The document evaluates these theories and notes criticisms such as functionalism ignoring family conflicts and Marxism exaggerating the family's role in capitalism. It provides an overall evaluation of functionalist perspectives
Situational crime prevention focuses on reducing criminal opportunities by managing the environment. It is based on a rational choice theory of crime. Critics argue it may displace rather than reduce crime, and ignores root causes. "Broken windows theory" argues disorder sends a signal that no one cares, attracting more crime. Evidence from NYC found reducing graffiti and targeting minor offenses reduced crime. However, other factors like increased police may have contributed. Social prevention targets potential offenders' social contexts to remove predisposing conditions. The Perry Preschool project found early childhood programs reduced lifetime arrests. Punishment is justified as retribution or crime reduction. Retribution expresses social outrage, while reduction deters, rehabilitates or incapacitates offenders. Marx
The document discusses corporal punishment, which is defined as any physical punishment intended to cause pain or discomfort. It notes various physical and psychological consequences of corporal punishment, including lifelong damage, loss of interest in learning, increased absenteeism and dropout rates, and the normalization of violence. As alternatives, it suggests understanding factors that influence child behavior, meeting children's emotional needs, and establishing a teacher code of conduct. Positive discipline and non-violent conflict resolution are presented as more effective approaches that improve children's development and relationships.
This document discusses social policy and its impact on families from different sociological perspectives. It provides examples of policies from the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and China to show how governments can influence family life. Students are asked to research these policies and discuss their potential effects. The document also examines how the UK government intervenes in families through policies, comparing approaches between political groups like New Labour and the Coalition. Overall, the goal is for students to understand social policy and analyze perspectives on the family.
This document provides character analyses for Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It analyzes several major characters including Semyon Zaharovitch Marmeladov, Katerina Ivanovna, Arkady Ivanovitch Svidrigailov, Pyotr Petrovitch Luzhin, Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Sonia Semyonovna, and the protagonist Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov. For each character it discusses their background, desires, psychological issues, and how their desires were ultimately displaced or resolved.
Conservatism is difficult to define because conservatives value tradition over rigid ideology and focus more on opposing change than proposing solutions. Key conservative beliefs include respecting traditions that have stood the test of time, acknowledging human fallibility, favoring social order over individual liberty, and seeing society as a complex organic system not easily improved by human design. Conservative thought encompasses traditional support for hierarchy, authority, and private property as well as more libertarian support for free markets. Modern variants like neoconservatism emphasize restoring social discipline and traditional values.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The imprisonment of human beings at record levels is both a moral failure and an economic one—especially at a time when more and more Americans are struggling to make ends meet and when state governments confront enormous fiscal crises. This report finds, however, that mass incarceration provides a gigantic windfall for one special interest group—the private prison industry—even as current incarceration levels harm the country as a whole. While the nation’s unprecedented rate of imprisonment deprives individuals of freedom, wrests loved ones from their families, and drains the resources of governments, communities, and taxpayers, the private prison industry reaps lucrative rewards. As the public good suffers from mass incarceration, private prison companies obtain more and more government dollars, and private prison executives at the leading companies rake in enormous compensation packages, in some cases totaling millions of dollars.
Restoring Fair Trade, Prosperity and Food Security - a presentation by Mike C...Ranch Foods Direct
The document discusses the decline of rural America and problems with the modern industrial food system. It notes that corporate interests have taken over government and rural economies. Family farms have struggled as agriculture has become globalized and consolidated. The industrial food system produces food cheaply but at the cost of animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and human health as seen in the rise of diet-related diseases. The document advocates for re-localizing and reconnecting consumers with local farmers and ranchers to build a safer and more sustainable food system.
Keynote Jeremy Travis Columbia speech 4.29.16seprogram
Solutions to Post-Incarceration Employment and Entrepreneurship: The Role of Businesses and Universities
Jeremy Travis, President
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass EssayAmie Campbell
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Two centuries ago, Pennsylvania became the center of prison reform due to Quaker influences which abolished harsh punishments established by English rule. However, conservative factions reintroduced cruel penalties like public hangings. Philadelphia prisons in the late 1700s were overcrowded and unsanitary, housing both men and women together, and jailers profited by charging inmates inflated prices. A Quaker formed an organization to provide food to starving prisoners, but it disbanded with the British occupation. A new Walnut Street jail had little improvement, with inmates trading clothes and suffering in the cold. By the end of the 20th century, the U.S. had over two million incarcerated, far surpassing other nations.
Running Header CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS I.docxanhlodge
Running Header: CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 1
Critical Issues To Correctional Institutions in the U.S.
Name
CRJ 465
Instructor’s Name
Date
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 2
There are many contemporary issues that are found within the American penal system.
Perhaps we are not fully aware of these issues and just how much they affect the American penal
system. Though we are aware that there are issues, we may not be completely aware of just how
much they affect the everyday functioning of the correctional systems. We are not fully aware of
the funding problems, or the overcrowding problems, or just how much violence takes place in
prisons. These three issues seem to be the worst of all the issues that these facilities face.
Funding
Correctional facilities, just like any other business, do not operate for free. Total state
expenditures on prisons and related activities were about $9.6 billion in the mid-1980’s, where
about 40 percent of all state prison construction was financed by a pay-as-you-go method, and 50
percent was paid by general obligation bonds, and the remaining 10 percent was financed using
lease revenue bonds and other revenue streams. By 1996, total state expenditures for prisons
were estimated to be $22 billion, and more than half of all the debt issued to finance prisons was
carried out through a specific variant of lease-revenue bonds which were called certificates of
participation (Public Bonds, 2004). According to the staff at Vera’s Center on Sentencing and
Corrections and Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit, after surveying 40 states in an effort to calculate the
taxpayer’s cost of prisons, the cost of prisons was $39 billion in 2010, which was $5.4 billion
more than what their corrections budgets reflected (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). Over the
past 40 years, the U.S. has seen a dramatic increase in prison population, and as a result, the
country’s state prison population has grown by more than 700 percent since the 1970’s. This has
come at great cost to taxpayers (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). At the end of 2012, the United
States prison population was 1,571,013, which is actually a decline for the third straight
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 3
consecutive year. More plans are under way in an effort to lower the number of people who are
incarcerated in the U.S., which will help lower the cost of running these facilities as well.
America exceeds every other country in prison inmate population. Attorney General Eric Holder
announced sweeping plans that will be designed to address the issue through drug sentencing
reform and this means that low level drug offenders could be subjected to some type of treatment
or community service programs rather than prison time. There are also plans of implementing
and expanding prison programs that would a.
2. This is the Florida version of ‘get tough on crime’ A recent article in The Gainesville Sun said that “a person could end up serving more time for drugs than for manslaughter.” There are no anomalies or inconsistencies in the law. Case in point is Hope Sykes: It is easier to entrap a 19-year-old female for selling 25 OxyContin pills than addressing the addiction process with its educational component. The payoff is a mandatory 15-year sentence. This 15-year sentence will cost taxpayers $379,417. A portion of this money will be recycled into the campaign coffers of our elected officials.
3. This is the Florida version The average inmate goes to prison for a five year sentence The average inmate has a 6th grade education 60 or so percent of the inmates have an addiction It costs the state of Florida $140,000 to send a women to prison for five years
4. Florida has the third largest prison system in the nation Authorized positions 27,736 Inmates in prison 102,232 Offenders under supervision 152,928 Budget $2.3 billion
5. Florida Inmate Population on June 30 Compared Over Five Years 120,000 100,000 80,000 60.000 40.000 20.000 102,232 100,894 98,192 92,844 88,576 AND IT’S GROWING 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
6. Florida now warehouses human beings because it is caught in a big, growing problem that outstrips its resources and overwhelms its capacity to respond….
7. It happened because we “got tough on crime” and our solution, nation-wide, is the warehousing of human beings…. Bathrooms
10. Think in terms of spending 12 to 16 hours a day on a shelf
11. Imagine spending between 12 and 16 hours a day for five years on this bed The freestanding single prison bunk has a pan of 10-gauge steel, which measures 27" by 79 3/8". The pan is perforated with eight 1" diameter holes for ventilation. Front and rear flanges are formed up 2", with a 1" hem. The legs are 18" in height 2" x 2" x 1/8" steel angle iron. The bunk comes with a 2" by 2" 10-gauge steel plate with a 1/2" hole for bolting it to the floor. The anchors are not by PSI, but all joints are welded and ground smooth. Finishing for this metal prison bunk bed includes chemical degreaser and rust-inhibitive primer. There are many bunk options available, including an open front shelf, an under bunk drawer, and special order custom sizes.
12. Imagine Spending five years with everything you own in a drawer like this DESCRIPTION: UNDER BUNK STEEL DRAWER Body: Formed 14 ga. steel body, front & flanges for slides. Slides: 10 ga steel slides, welded to underside of bunk pan (2 per drawer). Hasp: 1" x 2"x 10 ga. steel with lock hole, welded to face of bunk pan, so hasp slides through slot in front plate of drawer. Pull: 1/2" lip @ underside of drawer forms a drawer pull. Fully welded construction. Stop: 2" x 2" x 3/16" steel angle bolted to underside of pan so drawer is not removable. Finish: Chemically degreased & 1 coat rust inhibitive primer.
13. Imagine this is your mattress for five years Cover: 1.) Calendared*, flexible, PVC film.2.) Color – unobstructed window clear3.) Thickness 20 Mil4.) Anti-microbial: MRSA Resistant5.) Anti-mildew6.) Abrasion Resistant – ASTM D3389-05: Over 6000 Cycles. Our Competitors advertise 190 cycles. This means our vinyl is 34 times more abrasion resistant.7.) Flex Fatigue: In House Testing shows our material withstands 8 million to 12 million flexes. Our Competitors' material withstand approximately 1 million flexes. What this means to you is a much longer service life with our material.8.) Cleans with mild soap and water.Fiber Core: 1.) 3 Inch Firm 1.5 lb per cubic ft Recyclable, Earth Friendly Polyester Fiber2.) Vertically oriented3.) Hypoallergenic
20. January 17, 1961, President Dwight Eisenhower warned the U.S. of something he described as a threat to democratic government. He called this threat the "military-industrial complex", a union of defense contractors and the armed forces. Eisenhower said, in part: "In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist."
21. 50 years later a new threat has arisen out of an attempt to combat a threat to our nations well being Prison Industrial Complex Prison This threat is the "military-industrial complex", a union of defense contractors and the armed forces. Eisenhower rephrased, in part: "In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist." Criminal Justice Community Prison
Editor's Notes
http://www.dc.state.fl.us/pub/annual/0910/stats/im_pop.htmlFlorida Prison PopulationIncreases 2.8% Since Last Fiscal YearInmate population refers to the 102,232 inmates who were present in the Florida prison system on June 30, 2010. The following tables and charts will detail the characteristics of these inmates. Other fiscal years are also featured to illustrate trends.The number of inmates in prison rose 15.4% over the last 5 years from 88,576 in June 2006 to 102,232 in June 2010. There was a 1.3% increase since last fiscal year.The majority of inmates in prison on June 30, 2010 are male (95,088 or 93.0%) and black (50,442 or 49.3%). However, the percentage of black inmates in prison is decreasing (50.4% in June 2006 to 49.3% in June 2010).The top five categories of primary offenses for which inmates are incarcerated are: drugs (19.3%), burglary (15.6%), robbery (13.1%), murder/manslaughter (13.0%), and violent personal offenses such as carjacking and aggravated assault (12.2%).On June 30, 2010, 547 of every 100,000 Floridians were incarcerated compared to 486 in 2006.45% of Population Had Been in Florida Prison BeforePrior commitment refers to any previous occasion that an inmate served time in the Florida prison system. This does not include supervision, such as probation. Nor does it include inmates who may have been in county jails in Florida, in other state systems or in the Federal prison system.The percentage of inmates in prison on June 30 who had been in Florida prisons previously has decreased slightly over five years from 46.9% in 2006 to 45.0% in 2010.The percentage of inmates in prison with a prior commitment (45.0%) is slightly lower than last year (45.5%).Of the 56,258 (55.0%) inmates in prison on June 30, 2009 who had no prior Florida prison commitments, 53.2% were white, 41.3% were black and 5.5% were other races.Of all inmates, 20.1% had been in prison in Florida once before, 10.6% had been in twice before, and 14.3% had been in three or more times before.Budget Summary(FY 2009-2010) Operating FundsExpenditures by Budget Entity: Department Administration $42,413,977 Security and Institutional Operations $1,553,958,458 Health Services $414,665,509 Community Corrections $240,909,947 Information Technology $17,619,857 Programs $34,130,731 Total Operating Funds $2,303,698,479 Fixed Capital Outlay Funds Construction* $29,196,517 Debt Service $40,520,354 Total Fixed Capital Outlay Funds $69,716,871 Total Expenditures $2,373,415,350 Local Funds Collections: Cost of Supervision Fees $22,353,861 Restitution, Fines and Court Costs $50,166,362 Subsistence, and other Court-Ordered Payments $18,184,408 Inmate Banking: Deposits $112,812,931 Disbursements $114,397,489 Total Assets $14,129,246 Other Activity: Revenue from Canteen Operations $31,382,286 Inmate Telephone Commissions $5,294,749