Presented by Vadim Polyakov, Director, Enterprise Application Architecture, Inovalon

1. Getting MEAN and Lean with
MongoDB and Kubernetes
MongoDB World 2016
Vadim Polyakov

2. Golden Age of Software Development
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3. About Me
Inovalon - R&D, Enterprise Architecture, Software Dev, Healthcare
AOL Advertising - High volume transactions, Big Data
3 Startups – Healthcare and Financial Services
Electrical Engineer – Control Systems
FIRST Robotics Mentor
https://www.linkedin.com/in/vadimpolyakov

4. Impedance mismatch metaphor
“Lossless” transmission line
Impedance mismatch

5. Database impedance mismatch
Existing concept: Database or Object-relational impedance mismatch
ORM Tools/code (Hibernate, Entity Framework)
Database technology
• Object Databases
• Document Databases
Application and database schema are unified

6. Stack Impedance
Client
HTML,
CSS,
JS
Server
.Net,
Java
Database
SQL
Client
Mobile
HTML,
CSS,
JS

7. Process impedance mismatch
Dev QA UAT Prod
Dev QA UAT Prod

8. Really tie the stack together
Tie together a “thin line architecture”
of tools that support agility and
developer happiness.
Solve:
• Stack Impedance
• Process impedance

9. 9
The stack

10. Browser
(HTML,
JS,
CSS)
Server
REST
API
Data
MEAN - Single Page App
Routable
Components
[Service, controller,
directive]
Routable
Components
[Middleware]
JSON
Flexible/Composable
Flexible schema
Collections
JavaScript/TypeScript

11. JSON and JS Pipeline
URL
View – HTML template
Controller – Manage the view
Service – Manage the model
URL
Business Logic
Injectable Data Management
MongoDB

12. Patterns and antipatterns
Over-normalizing Chatty services Over-embedding Latency
MongoDB
Collection
Project
Extract
:)
MongoDB
Business
and
Presentation
Logic
:)
Collection Collection
Just right
MongoDB
Collection
Collection
Collection Collection
Collection
Join
Aggregate
:)

13. Beyond development
Dev QA UAT Prod

14. Docker
“Docker containers wrap up a piece of software ... This guarantees
that it will always run the same, regardless of the environment it is
running in.” (https://www.docker.com/what-docker)
Dev QA UAT ProdDev QA UAT Prod

15. Docker
Managed as code – Dockerfile
Simple and fast to build images
Git-like semantics (push, pull, diff…)
Repository of images (public, private)
Management API
Starts in milliseconds (it’s a process)

16. Application – multiple containers and nodes
nginx
nginx
content
volume
HTML,
JS,
CSSnginx
Nginx
nginx
API
Node
/data/db
volumenginx
Data
MongoDB
Git
Sync
nginx
nginx
content
volume
HTML,
JS,
CSSnginx
Nginx
nginx
API
Node
/data/db
volumenginx
Data
MongoDB
Cluster
Config
Kubernetes
Git
Sync

17. Kubernetes
Core elements
• Nodes
• Pods
• Replication Controllers
• Services
Examples:
• Deploy a MEAN app
• MongoDB on Kubernetes

18. Kubernetes Components - Node
Node - physical resources
Registers with the master
Resource capacity
Labels
- tags used to filter the
environment
e.g. has kernel config for
MongoDB

19. Kubernetes Components - Pod
Pod
- One or more co-located
components with
shared context
(cgroups, namespaces)
MongoDB
Pod
API
Pod
Web
Pod
nginx
nginx
content
volume
HTML,
JS,
CSSnginx
Nginx
Git
Sync
nginx
API
Node
/data/db
volumenginx
Data
MongoDB
nginx
nginx
content
volume
HTML,
JS,
CSSnginx
Nginx
Git
Sync
nginx
API
Node
/data/db
volumenginx
Data
MongoDB

20. Kubernetes Components - Replication Controller
Replication Controller
- Keep certain number of
pod replicas running

21. Kubernetes Components - Services
Services
- Set of pods
- Typically selected using labels
- Virtual IP
External Services
Headless Service

22. App deployment Deployment as code
svc-www.json
rc-www.json
svc-app.json
rc-app.json
svc-arb.json
svc-mongo-db1.json
svc-mongo-db2.json
pod-mongo-db1.json
pod-mongo-db2.json
rc-arb.json
Web service and replication
controller (2 pods)
API service and replication
controller (3 pods)
MongoDB services
MongoDB pods and arbiter
replication controller

23. Application up
kubectl create –f ./configdir
Before the demo:
• Start cluster
• Assign Elastic IP to the cluster
• Update kubernetes security group to allow port 80
• Label the nodes
Demo:
• Deploy application
• Configure replica set
• Access the web app
• No ssh deployment
After the demo:
• Teardown the cluster, run kube-down

24. Demo
Deploy application to
a new cluster
Deployment: 1 min
Demo Duration: 12 min

25. Demo
Deploy application to
a new cluster
Deployment: 1 min
Demo Duration: 12 min
• Recreate production environment for
troubleshooting
• Create any environment for any purpose
• Blue-green deployment

26. MongoDB on Kubernetes
“Datacenter as a Computer”
Most nodes in the cluster are “cattle” not “pets”
Some nodes are special
Databases and DB servers are special
• Kernel config
• Data is an asset

27. MongoDB on Kubernetes
Replication Controller?
• Restart automatically on failure
• Schedule on multiple nodes
Naked Pods
Services
• Discoverability
• Virtual IP
• DNS

28. MongoDB on Kubernetes: Demo
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Arbiter
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Arbiter
Replication
Controller
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Arbiter
Replication
Controller
MongoDB
Instance
Replication
Controller
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Arbiter
Replication
Controller
MongoDB
Instance
Service
MongoDB
Arbiter
Replication
Controller
MongoDB
Instance
MongoDB
Instance
ServiceService
Service
MongoDB
Arbiter
Manual
Intervention

29. Demo
Recover from node
failure
• Arbiter migration
to healthy node
• Node recovery

30. Demo
Recover from node
failure
• Arbiter migration
to healthy node
• Node recovery

31. Demo
Recover from node
failure
• Arbiter migration
to healthy node
• Node recovery

32. Demo
Recover from node
failure
• Arbiter migration
to healthy node
• Node recovery

33. Golden Age
• Aligned application stack – rapid development, eliminate boilerplate
• Tools like Docker and Kubernetes make deployments and rollbacks safe at any
scale
• Manage all environments as code and reproduce them faithfully whenever I
need them – remove process impedance mismatch for setup and
troubleshooting
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34. Thank you
https://www.linkedin.com/in/vadimpolyakov
https://github.com/polyakov
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