.

2. .
Gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence
Gerund = the present participle (-ing) form of the verb, e.g., singing,
dancing, running.
Infinitive = to + the base form of the verb, e.g., to sing, to dance, to run.
Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in
the sentence.
I expect to have the results of the operation soon. (Infinitive)
I anticipate having the research completed eventually. (Gerund)

3. 1)Gerunds can be used after certain verbs including
enjoy, fancy, discuss, dislike, finish, mind,
suggest, recommend, keep, and avoid.
2) After prepositions of place and time.
I made dinner before getting home.
He looked unhappy after seeing his work schedule.
3) To replace the subject or object of a sentence
1. Lachlan likes eating coconut oil.
2. Jumping off a cliff is dangerous, but a real thrill.

4. Spelling Tip
Verbing (Present Participle)
1)Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying,
2)For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex:
riding
3)For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing.
tying
4)For a verb whose last syllable is written with a
and is stressed, double the last letter before adding ing.
begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable

7. 1)Infinitives can be used after certain verbs including agree, ask, decide, help,
plan, hope, learn, want, would like, and promise.
2) After many adjectives:
It is hard to make dinner this late.
I find it difficult to describe my feelings about writing research essays.
3) To show purpose:
I left for Russia to study Russian.
I came to the office to solve the mystery of the missing keys.

11. Exercises – Gerunds and Infinitives
Choose the correct gerund or infinitive from the parenthesis at the end of the sentence.
1.She likes to get up early in the morning. (likes / dislikes)
2.1. Alan can’t stand _________ on trains. (riding/ to ride)
3.Mr. Harris enjoys _________ people out to dinner. (inviting / to invite)
4.In the old days, gentlemen challenged their rivals _______. (fighting / to fight)
5.As the famous saying goes, there’s no use ______ over spilt milk. (crying / to cry)
6.Jim stopped _________ his shoelace. Wait for him. (tying / to tie)
7.My wife always volunteers ___________ cakes PTA meetings. (baking / to bake)
8.Don’t waste my time ___________ about your salary. (complaining/ to complain)
9.Eva is having trouble _________ on the exam. (concentrating / to concentrate)
10.Please allow me ____________ your Facebook page. (joining / to join)
11.You won’t forget _________milk on your way home, will you? (picking up /to pick up)

12. Answers:
1.riding
2.inviting
3.to fight
4.crying
5.to tie
6.to bake
7.complaining
8.concentrating
9.to join
10.to pick up