Hemlock Forest Change in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
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Use of Maximum Entropy software with ten environmental layers in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to determine forest communities and areas of subsequent decline.
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Hemlock Forest Change in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- 1. Forest Loss by Community Type in Great Smoky Mountains National Park Tanner Jessel School of Information Sciences Ephraim Love Department of Geology The University of Tennessee Hemlock Forest Change in GSMNP
- 2. Source: Global Biodiversity Information Facility Where is Forest Decline Occurring? LANDSAT data characterizing forest change
- 3. Where is Hemlock Decline Occurring?
- 5. Adelgid Impact to Landscape
- 6. Source: LANDSAT program Where Does Hemlock Occur? Satellite image of Great Smoky Mountains
- 7. Source: GRSM Overstory Vegetation Map Remote Sensing Polygons depicting Hemlock Distribution
- 8. Source: ATBI Database Physical Inventory Visualization of 1,017 Hemlock occurrences
- 9. Source: Maxent output Predictive Modeling Predictive model of Hemlock
- 10. Source: Maxent output Predictive Modeling Predictive model of Hemlock
- 11. Environmental Variables • Continuous – Digital Elevation Model – Solar radiation – Topographic convergence index • Categorical – Bedrock geology – Soil organic type – Slope in degrees – Terrain shape index – Leaf on canopy cover – Understory density – Vegetation classes
- 12. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Digital Elevation Model
- 13. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Solar input
- 14. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Slope in degrees
- 15. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Bedrock Geology
- 16. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Soil organic type
- 17. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Topographic convergence index
- 18. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Terrain shape index
- 19. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Vegetation class
- 20. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Understory density
- 21. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Environmental Variables Leaf-on canopy cover
- 22. Source: Alltaxa Web Interface Contribution Contributions of environmental layers to model
- 23. Source: ATBI database Occurrence Records Point Data
- 24. Source: ATBI Database, GRSM Hemlock Forest Polygon Accuracy? Physical inventory vs. remote-sensing
- 25. Source: Maxent output, ATBI occurrence records, GRSM polygons Accuracy? Prediction model versus remote sensing
- 26. Research Question Can forest loss be quantified in context of community structure? • Mesic (Cove Hardwood) • Xeric (Pine)
- 27. Forest Communities • Cove Hardwood – Sugar maple – Yellow buckeye – American beech – Fraser magnolia – Silverbell – American basswood – Tulip tree – Birch – Ash • Pine – Shortleaf pine – Table Mountain pine – Pitch pine – Eastern white pine – Virginia Pine
- 28. Source: ATBI database, maxent output Sugar Maple Acer saccharum records
- 29. Source: ATBI database, maxent output Yellow Buckeye Aesculus flava specimens
- 30. Source: ATBI database, maxent output American Beech Fagus grandiflora, specimens
- 31. Source: ATBI database, maxent output Fraser Magnolia Magnolia tripetala records
- 32. Source: ATBI database, maxent output Silverbell Halesia carolina records
- 33. Source: ATBI database, maxent output American Basswood Tilia americana records
- 34. Source: ATBI database, maxent output Tulip Tree Liriodendron chinense records
- 35. Source: ATBI database, maxent output Ash Fraxinus americana spp.
- 36. Source: ATBI database, maxent output All Birch Species Betula spp. records
- 37. Source: ATBI database, maxent output All Pine Species Pinus spp. records
- 38. Source: Maxent output processed in Modelbuilder Threshold Boundary of likely present / likely absent
- 39. Source: All birch trees SDM from maxent, processed by modelbuilder All Birch Map All birch trees
- 40. Source: Model Builder Output Combined Birch-Hemlock Map Birch and Hemlock Together
- 41. Source: Raw data, unpublished model output Pine-Hemlock v. Birch-Hemlock All pine with hemlock, all birch with hemlock
- 42. Source: Maxent output, processed by modelbuilder Forest Loss by Community Forest loss in Mesic vs. Xeric
Editor's Notes
- Results from time-series analysis of 654,178 Landsat images in characterizing forest extent and change, 2000–2012.
- What comes to mind when you think of Fraser fir? What’s your “mental model” of where it lives?
- A hemlock woolly adegid infestation has killed many hemlock trees in the Linville Gorge area of Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina.
- This geospatial dataset contains location polygons for all forest types with Eastern Hemlock as a component in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Derived from the GRSM Overstory Vegetation Map
- 274,120 results
- Eastern hemlock trees dominate stream sides and moist, shady slopes up to 4,000 feet in elevation to form almost pure stands of the Hemlock Forest. The hemlock woolly adelgid, a tiny non-native insect, threatens hemlock forests in the park and in the eastern United States.
- 274,120 results
- That’s rad.
- Steep, vertical drops
- Bedrock geology
- soils
- Essentially, streams
- Effect of landforms on tree height
- Vegetation class.
- Where’s the rhododendron?
- Leaf on, leaf off.
- 274,120 results
- Based on literature. Pine-and-Oak Forests are dominant on relatively dry, exposed slopes and ridges, especially on the west side of the park. Despite plentiful amounts of rain, these excessively drained slopes dry out quickly and fire is a regular part of these forest communities. he Cove Hardwood Forest is the most botanically diverse of these forests. Between 40 to 60 tree and shrub species grow in coves, which are sheltered valleys with deep rich soils. Common species include Carolina silverbell, basswood, dogwood, and magnolia.
- Based on literature. Pine-and-Oak Forests are dominant on relatively dry, exposed slopes and ridges, especially on the west side of the park. Despite plentiful amounts of rain, these excessively drained slopes dry out quickly and fire is a regular part of these forest communities. he Cove Hardwood Forest is the most botanically diverse of these forests. Between 40 to 60 tree and shrub species grow in coves, which are sheltered valleys with deep rich soils. Common species include Carolina silverbell, basswood, dogwood, and magnolia.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- 2158 localities contributing to model.
- Red Oak
- Red Oak
- Note pine is confined to lower elevations. Birch-Hemlock finds suitable habitat in a larger area.