It is about general psychology, mental retardation and pass model

1. P A S S
M O D E L
A N D
M E N T A L
R E T A R D A T I
O N

2. INTRODUCTION:
• In 1994, Das, Naglieri and Kirby decided to
bring up this theory based on their
neurological research conducted on humans.
• The theory stated that the different part of the
brain in fact perform different type of functions
but which they are interrelated to each other.

3. For example:
• Left temporal lobe
written or verbal communication,
Damage to the adjacent parts will not
affect the ability
• You will be able to read and write
properly but you won’t be able to
understand what is written

4. P-Planning
A-
Attention/arousal
S-Simultaneous
Processing
S-Successive
Processing

5. PLANNING:
• How the problem will be solved or how the task will be
completed.
• Frontal lobe or pre frontal cortex of your brain.

6. ATTENTION- AROUSAL:
The brain stem, part of your brain is involved.
Prioritizes different stimulus, you receive.
EXAMPLE:

7. ADD- ATTENTION DEFICIENCY DISORDER
These are the people who are not able to focus on a
particular task given the normal condition.

8. SIMULTANEOUS PROCESSING (WORKING TOGETHER
):
• There are more than one stimulus which we receive at a
time, just in case of previous example and how to club
them together to form some meaningful information that is
simultaneous processing.
• Basically these functions are performed by the occipital
or the parietal lobes of the brain.

9. SUCCESSIVE PROCESSING:
The arrangement of objects in a particular order.
EXAMPLES:

10. • And this type of ability is basically done
by the frontal and temporal lobe of
the brain.
• The people who is weak in the last two
abilities, they are not able to perform
daily tasks properly.
• EXAMPLE: Tying shoelace etc.
• Such type of disorders can be Dyslexia,
Dysgraphia etc.

12. MENTAL RETARDATION:
• Is also known as “Intellectual disability”.
• It is a permanent condition characterized by
subaverage intelligence, which causes limitations
in learning and adaptive functioning.
#CLASSIFICATION:
Severity depending upon IQ(Intelligent Quotient).
• IQ= assesses mental age / chronical age
• Normal IQ range= 70-90
• Mild=50-70
• Moderate=35-50
• Severe=20-35
• Profound<20

13. CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION:
ETIOLOGY
• Intellectual disability
• Chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic and
endocrine causes, multiple congenital anomalies
syndrome, teratogens in pregnancy, CNS
malformations, perinatal difficulties, extreme
prematurity, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinaemia.

14. DIAGNOSTIC TEST:
1)Metabolic screening
2)Neuroimaging- CT scan, MRI scan etc.
3)Karyotype- chromosomal study
4)Molecular testing

15. MANAGEMENT:
• AIM
• PLAN OF ACTION
PREVENTION:
• General and socio economic improvement.
• Nutritional improvement to pregnant mothers.
• Prevention from drugs and radiation.
• Good obstetric care
• Prevent consanguineous marriages.

16. T H A N K S
F O R Y O U R
A T T E N T I O
N
- S WA R U P H A