The document provides guidelines for formatting a manuscript according to APA style, including sections on title pages, abstracts, introductions, methods, results, discussions, references, and general writing style. Key aspects include double spacing, one-inch margins, indented paragraphs, and page headers on each page except figures pages.
This This is extra information from the .docxherthalearmont
This
This is extra information from the course syllabus for you to know.
I got zero’s in this assignment
Here is the first one that you helped me with…. See Week 5 Attachment
Simple Linear, Multiple, Or Logistic Correlation/Regression Proposal
This written assignment is based on the work conducted in the “Correlation and Regression” discussion forum. Based on this initial work, feedback received, and additional research, students should submit a basic research proposal that calls for the use of a simple linear, multiple, or logistic correlation/regression.
The paper should be APA formatted as a research proposal, and contain approximately 990-1320 words of content. Include a title page, and a reference page that includes any resources utilized.
Please include the following in the research proposal:
1. Introduction (1-2 paragraphs)
· Present the research question of interest.
· Explain how the chosen statistical test applies to this research question.
· Provide the statistical notation and written explanations for the null and alternative hypotheses.
2. Methods (1 paragraph)
· Participants
· List how many participants will be selected.
· Identify who will be the participants and their major demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, age, etc.).
· Explain how participants will be selected for the study.
3. Procedures (1-2 paragraphs)
· Identify the variables in the study.
· Describe each variable’s scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) and characteristics (i.e., discrete vs. continuous, qualitative vs. categorical, etc.).
· Provide an operational definition for each variable, explaining how the variables will be measured.
4. Results (2-3 paragraphs)
· Describe the statistical test that will be conducted. Be sure to include why the test was chosen and why it is appropriate for this study. Include in the discussion the necessary assumptions that should be met for the chosen test and how these will be addressed.
· Identify the information that will be obtained from the results of this test and what will be needed to draw conclusions regarding the hypotheses. Be sure to include a discussion of applicable critical and calculated values, p levels, confidence intervals, effect sizes, post-hoc tests, and/or tables.
Discussion (1 paragraph)
· Identify any expected biases, assumptions, or faults with the proposed study and the use of the identified statistical test.
· Explain what conclusions can and cannot be made for this study, and using this statistical test.
· Describe the practical significance or importance of the results.
1
Running head: Simple Linear Correlation
7
Simple Linear Correlation Statistical Test:
Employee Empowerment & Service Quality
Introduction
This research proposal will seek to answer the research question that states, “What is the effect of employee empowerment on service quality in an organization?”. This is a question of interest as many organiz ...
Impact of motivational tools to increase organizational citizenship behavior ...Md Anas Mahmud
We work as a group to prepare our report. Our research title “impact of different organizational factors to increase organizational citizenship behavior activities among the employees on RMG sector in Bangladesh”
When started our research, many people interested to help. But later time, cost and other document face some problem. Like total employees, area wise factory etc. We analyzed what are the affect employees’ motivation. We see what the opportunities for improve employees’ motivation level and also follow factory controlling system. We also discuss how to clearly survey and improve employees’ happiness. At last we included some questions that the garments’ employees are asked this paper also include Research properly finish and submits time.
The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of organizational climate, work
stress on turnover intention by using job satisfaction as an intervening variable for employees at PT
GrahaMegaria Surabaya. The population in this study was all employees of PT GrahaMegaria Surabaya,
Research paper on Employee turnover in organizationsSummaya Sharif
Abstract
The research paper is intended to answer some of the most FAQs of the organizations about employee turnover and help them in lessening this threat which results in losing the loyal and hardworking workforce.
The FAQs include;
-What is employee turnover?
-What are the factors causing employee turnover?
-How to identify/elucidate these factors?
-How is employee turnover a function of these factors?
-What is the relationship between employee turnover and each of selected factors?
-To what extent each of these factors is related to employee turnover?
Which of these factors is the main cause of employee turnover?
In order to get the pragmatic answers to the questions above, and prove the inferences/Hypothesis on the relationship of these factors with employee turnover; the research has been carried to a pragmatic and scientific level. The results of the research carried out will help the organizations to answer the questions above with relevance, reliability, authenticity, relationship metrics, all checked. The scientific study carried out is elucidated below;
Purpose: This research article investigates the factors that influence the employee turnover in order to elucidate the role that they play to influence employee turnover and ergo, their relationship with employee turnover. Hence the purpose is both causal as well as descriptive.
Problem Statement: The research has been conducted to help organizations lessen employee turnover. The basic problem statement is to study the effect of chosen factors (Age, wage rate, unskilled labor, and work-life balance) on employee turnover and hence their relationship with it.
Ergo the basic Research Questions include:
-To what extent unskilled labor leads to employee turnover?
-Does work-life balance affect the employee turnover?
-What contributions wage rate has towards employee turnover?
How much influence age has on employee turnover?
Research method: Considering the Krejice and Morgan’s (1970) table to ensure a good decision, a sample of 100 employees, regardless of gender, area, and status, is taken so that the studied sample size is representative of the population. With groups as my unit of analysis mono-method and deductive approach is used in this research and the data collection technique is disproportionate stratified random sampling.
Findings: The findings apparently showed that the main factor that is influencing employee turnover is “job that hurdles the fulfillment of fulfillment of family duties; with a coefficient of 0.800.”Ergo if this factor is kept under control then a significant change can be seen in employee turnover.
Recommendations are also elucidated in the paper.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL MBA-HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT1. Project (re.docxronak56
RESEARCH PROPOSAL: MBA-HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1. Project (research topic) title
The title of this proposal is: "Effectiveness of Reward System and Appraisals System in increasing the Retention and Productivity of employees in Retail Sector"
2. Project (research topic) summary
In no more than 100 words, intelligible to a reader who is not a specialist in this field, summarize the aims, significance and expected outcomes of your proposed research.
Project summary:
Organizations and the business sectors use the system of appraisal to gauge the performance of the various employees. Moreover, rewarding of well-performing employees is a motivation to the employees. This project aims a studying the effective systems of appraisal and rewarding in the retail business. Effective appraisal systems ensure that there is progress in the organization. Effective appraisal systems are appreciated by the employees and are the basis of retaining good performing employees. The proposal aims at providing an understanding effectiveness of systems of rewarding and appraisal to the performance and retention of the employees.
3. Project (research topic) details
3.1 Introductory background
The human resource department plays an important role in ensuring that all units of a business are integrated. They do this by employee management; performing appraisals and rewarding of well-performing employees. Rewards appraisal is significant in raising the employee motivation and levels of performances (Hendry, 2012).
3.2 Research questions
The research question aims to answer the effects of rewarding and appraisal system in the business. The research questions include:
· What is the system of rewarding in the business?
· How is the appraisal system of the business like?
· The effects of the appraisal and rewarding system on the employees
· How do the employees react to the system of appraisal?
Hypothesis
H0: Effective appraisal and rewarding systems in a retail organization lead to employee retention in the retail organization.
H1: Effective appraisal and rewarding systems in a retail organization lead to increased employee productivity in the retail organization.
3.3 Aims/Objectives of the project
The following are the objects of the research.
· To have an understanding of the significance of the systems of appraisal and rewarding in the retail sector.
· To have an understanding of the impact of rewarding and appraisal system on employee productivity.
· To have an understanding of the employees the systems used to appraise and reward employees for their retention.
· To understand the importance of reward and appraisal systems in the retail organization.
· To understand the extent of employee retention through effective reward and appraisal system.
· To understand the increase in productivity that is related to reward and appraisal system.
3.4 Significance/Contribution to the discipline
In the organizations, the rewarding and appraisal systems hav ...
The relationship between organizational space of offices and corporate identi...ijsptm
Institutional space as the value system determines what methods work and what behaviors are approved.
This study aimed to identify the relationship between organizational space (organizational structure,
corporate responsibility, corporate support and productivity management) with senior administration
identity of corporate managers of West Azerbaijan. 150 standardized questionnaires were distributed
among population and 100 questionnaires were returned to test hypotheses. According to normal data, the
Pearson correlation coefficient used to determine the type and extent of the relationship between the
variables. The results show there is a direct relationship between corporate responsibility, productivity
management, organizational support and corporate identity. However, a significant relationship between
the dimensions of organizational structure and corporate identity does not exist. So we suggest that serious
efforts should be made in General Offices in West Azerbaijan by exercising efficiently management and
developing appropriate organizational space (with respect to the liability of agents, productivity
management and organizational support) in order to improve organizational identity administration.
A STUDY ON TRAINING AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AMONG THE MEDICAL AND THE AD...IAEME Publication
Basically, training and development were not seen as activities can help companies successfully create value and deal with competitiveness Advantage. Today that view has changed training for staff is being added value for organizations today. In this study researcher examine the impact of the components of training programs on the effectiveness of training programs and try to identify the discriminant aspects of the training and the development programs among the medical and the administrative staff in hospitals. The survey was taken in Tiruchirappalli district with 400 samples. Questionnaire was designed in five parts and circulated manually among respondents. Reliability and validity were analyzed through pilot study and the results were given.
MSc Managerial Psychology
Assessment Brief
SECTION 1
Assessment Point 1
Module Title: Project and Research Management
Module Code: UU-PSY705 ZM
Essay Title: A written research proposal for the research to be carried out in the
dissertation stage
Word Limit: 3500 words
Assessment Point No: 1 (1 out of 1) 100% of final module mark
Online Submission: Date and Time: See your module schedule.
Learning outcomes assessed:
1. Demonstrate an advanced understanding of the key principles of research
design regarding a particular project as well as an appreciation of the various
research strategies.
2. Critically evaluate sources of information and/or argument in relation to
research objectives.
3. Demonstrate effective skills in the communication of research findings.
4. Apply project management tools, processes and techniques.
5. As appropriate to specific student needs, students will develop an advanced
understanding in at least one of the following areas:
6.A range of research methods for data collection;
7.Data management and analysis, and awareness of issues affecting
data interpretation;
Important Guidelines:
1. Title
The title should be clear and specific, but not too detailed. For example, assume
we had done an experiment in which we had examined whether or not having
breakfast affected people’s ability to concentrate later in the day.
A good title would be ‘The effects of breakfast on mid-morning concentration
levels’.
Avoid using titles that are:
• Too vague
• Very detailed
The American Psychological Association suggests the title to be about 10-
12 words long.
2. Introduction and Literature Review
Introduction
This section is very important. In order to get the reader engaged with your
work you need make sure that you set the scene for the whole essay in a clear
way. Clarify the topic and the aim of the essay. Keep in mind that the reader
might not be familiar with your topic, and hence you should provide
explanations for all relevant terms and a brief overview of the structure of the
essay. Avoid lengthy discussions or explanations regarding definitions or
relevant research findings. Such discussions should be incorporated be part of
your literature review.
Basically, this section introduces the reader to the topic:
Give an introduction to the area of
Provide a rationale for the study using previous studies
Show how the current study fits in with existing literature
Literature Review
Literature review will be focused around your chosen topic -should summarize
and discuss the most recent and most relevant research findings related to the
current research project.
This part should highlight the research gap
The review provides the background of the problem
Critical evaluation is essential
Stat.
PSY 3490, Industrial Organizational Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Define job analysis.
2. Differentiate between job-oriented and people-oriented approaches.
3. Compare and contrast the methods of job analysis and understand the features and limitations of
each.
4. Interpret what studies suggest regarding the reliability and validity of job analysis.
5. Evaluate the concept of performance criteria, and describe their characteristics.
6. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of the objective measures of job performance.
7. Describe subjective measures of job performance.
8. Explain the different types of error associated with subjective measures.
9. Analyze the advantages of 360-degree feedback.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3:
Job Analysis
Chapter 4:
Performance Appraisal
Unit Lesson
Assessment
I/O psychologists use a variety of methods when performing their jobs, and regardless of the work setting,
most use assessment methods. Assessment involves gathering information in a systematic way. For I/O
psychologists working as professors, this information may be gathered in a research laboratory, through
surveys, for example. For I/O psychologists working within a large corporation, this information may be
gathered through observing employees at work. For I/O psychologists working for a consulting firm, this
information may be collected through interviews with clients. Regardless of the setting, I/O psychologists
typically apply reliable assessment techniques.
Job Analysis
One type of assessment that is common for consultants and others working directly in organization is called a
job analysis. A job analysis involves a, “method for describing jobs and/or the human attributes necessary to
perform them,” (Spector, 2012, p.54). The job analysis provides a thorough and accurate depiction of the job.
It specifies the activities, tasks, and characteristics associated with the job, and it may also specify the
knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes that an employee would need to perform the job.
Most I/O psychologists are trained to perform job analyses because these serve as the foundation for other
I/O activities. They use different approaches to analyze the job, depending on the purpose of the assessment.
One approach is called the job-oriented job analysis, and this focuses on what the employee does within that
job. Whereas, a person-oriented job analysis focuses on the specific competencies needed to perform the job
(Spector, 2012).
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Assessment
PSY 3490, Industrial Organizational Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Job oriented job-analysis involves analyzing different levels of the job, including the position, duties, tasks,
activities, and elements of the job. The position is what people often mean when referring to “job,” and it
represents the role ...
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
This This is extra information from the .docxherthalearmont
This
This is extra information from the course syllabus for you to know.
I got zero’s in this assignment
Here is the first one that you helped me with…. See Week 5 Attachment
Simple Linear, Multiple, Or Logistic Correlation/Regression Proposal
This written assignment is based on the work conducted in the “Correlation and Regression” discussion forum. Based on this initial work, feedback received, and additional research, students should submit a basic research proposal that calls for the use of a simple linear, multiple, or logistic correlation/regression.
The paper should be APA formatted as a research proposal, and contain approximately 990-1320 words of content. Include a title page, and a reference page that includes any resources utilized.
Please include the following in the research proposal:
1. Introduction (1-2 paragraphs)
· Present the research question of interest.
· Explain how the chosen statistical test applies to this research question.
· Provide the statistical notation and written explanations for the null and alternative hypotheses.
2. Methods (1 paragraph)
· Participants
· List how many participants will be selected.
· Identify who will be the participants and their major demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, age, etc.).
· Explain how participants will be selected for the study.
3. Procedures (1-2 paragraphs)
· Identify the variables in the study.
· Describe each variable’s scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) and characteristics (i.e., discrete vs. continuous, qualitative vs. categorical, etc.).
· Provide an operational definition for each variable, explaining how the variables will be measured.
4. Results (2-3 paragraphs)
· Describe the statistical test that will be conducted. Be sure to include why the test was chosen and why it is appropriate for this study. Include in the discussion the necessary assumptions that should be met for the chosen test and how these will be addressed.
· Identify the information that will be obtained from the results of this test and what will be needed to draw conclusions regarding the hypotheses. Be sure to include a discussion of applicable critical and calculated values, p levels, confidence intervals, effect sizes, post-hoc tests, and/or tables.
Discussion (1 paragraph)
· Identify any expected biases, assumptions, or faults with the proposed study and the use of the identified statistical test.
· Explain what conclusions can and cannot be made for this study, and using this statistical test.
· Describe the practical significance or importance of the results.
1
Running head: Simple Linear Correlation
7
Simple Linear Correlation Statistical Test:
Employee Empowerment & Service Quality
Introduction
This research proposal will seek to answer the research question that states, “What is the effect of employee empowerment on service quality in an organization?”. This is a question of interest as many organiz ...
Impact of motivational tools to increase organizational citizenship behavior ...Md Anas Mahmud
We work as a group to prepare our report. Our research title “impact of different organizational factors to increase organizational citizenship behavior activities among the employees on RMG sector in Bangladesh”
When started our research, many people interested to help. But later time, cost and other document face some problem. Like total employees, area wise factory etc. We analyzed what are the affect employees’ motivation. We see what the opportunities for improve employees’ motivation level and also follow factory controlling system. We also discuss how to clearly survey and improve employees’ happiness. At last we included some questions that the garments’ employees are asked this paper also include Research properly finish and submits time.
The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of organizational climate, work
stress on turnover intention by using job satisfaction as an intervening variable for employees at PT
GrahaMegaria Surabaya. The population in this study was all employees of PT GrahaMegaria Surabaya,
Research paper on Employee turnover in organizationsSummaya Sharif
Abstract
The research paper is intended to answer some of the most FAQs of the organizations about employee turnover and help them in lessening this threat which results in losing the loyal and hardworking workforce.
The FAQs include;
-What is employee turnover?
-What are the factors causing employee turnover?
-How to identify/elucidate these factors?
-How is employee turnover a function of these factors?
-What is the relationship between employee turnover and each of selected factors?
-To what extent each of these factors is related to employee turnover?
Which of these factors is the main cause of employee turnover?
In order to get the pragmatic answers to the questions above, and prove the inferences/Hypothesis on the relationship of these factors with employee turnover; the research has been carried to a pragmatic and scientific level. The results of the research carried out will help the organizations to answer the questions above with relevance, reliability, authenticity, relationship metrics, all checked. The scientific study carried out is elucidated below;
Purpose: This research article investigates the factors that influence the employee turnover in order to elucidate the role that they play to influence employee turnover and ergo, their relationship with employee turnover. Hence the purpose is both causal as well as descriptive.
Problem Statement: The research has been conducted to help organizations lessen employee turnover. The basic problem statement is to study the effect of chosen factors (Age, wage rate, unskilled labor, and work-life balance) on employee turnover and hence their relationship with it.
Ergo the basic Research Questions include:
-To what extent unskilled labor leads to employee turnover?
-Does work-life balance affect the employee turnover?
-What contributions wage rate has towards employee turnover?
How much influence age has on employee turnover?
Research method: Considering the Krejice and Morgan’s (1970) table to ensure a good decision, a sample of 100 employees, regardless of gender, area, and status, is taken so that the studied sample size is representative of the population. With groups as my unit of analysis mono-method and deductive approach is used in this research and the data collection technique is disproportionate stratified random sampling.
Findings: The findings apparently showed that the main factor that is influencing employee turnover is “job that hurdles the fulfillment of fulfillment of family duties; with a coefficient of 0.800.”Ergo if this factor is kept under control then a significant change can be seen in employee turnover.
Recommendations are also elucidated in the paper.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL MBA-HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT1. Project (re.docxronak56
RESEARCH PROPOSAL: MBA-HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1. Project (research topic) title
The title of this proposal is: "Effectiveness of Reward System and Appraisals System in increasing the Retention and Productivity of employees in Retail Sector"
2. Project (research topic) summary
In no more than 100 words, intelligible to a reader who is not a specialist in this field, summarize the aims, significance and expected outcomes of your proposed research.
Project summary:
Organizations and the business sectors use the system of appraisal to gauge the performance of the various employees. Moreover, rewarding of well-performing employees is a motivation to the employees. This project aims a studying the effective systems of appraisal and rewarding in the retail business. Effective appraisal systems ensure that there is progress in the organization. Effective appraisal systems are appreciated by the employees and are the basis of retaining good performing employees. The proposal aims at providing an understanding effectiveness of systems of rewarding and appraisal to the performance and retention of the employees.
3. Project (research topic) details
3.1 Introductory background
The human resource department plays an important role in ensuring that all units of a business are integrated. They do this by employee management; performing appraisals and rewarding of well-performing employees. Rewards appraisal is significant in raising the employee motivation and levels of performances (Hendry, 2012).
3.2 Research questions
The research question aims to answer the effects of rewarding and appraisal system in the business. The research questions include:
· What is the system of rewarding in the business?
· How is the appraisal system of the business like?
· The effects of the appraisal and rewarding system on the employees
· How do the employees react to the system of appraisal?
Hypothesis
H0: Effective appraisal and rewarding systems in a retail organization lead to employee retention in the retail organization.
H1: Effective appraisal and rewarding systems in a retail organization lead to increased employee productivity in the retail organization.
3.3 Aims/Objectives of the project
The following are the objects of the research.
· To have an understanding of the significance of the systems of appraisal and rewarding in the retail sector.
· To have an understanding of the impact of rewarding and appraisal system on employee productivity.
· To have an understanding of the employees the systems used to appraise and reward employees for their retention.
· To understand the importance of reward and appraisal systems in the retail organization.
· To understand the extent of employee retention through effective reward and appraisal system.
· To understand the increase in productivity that is related to reward and appraisal system.
3.4 Significance/Contribution to the discipline
In the organizations, the rewarding and appraisal systems hav ...
The relationship between organizational space of offices and corporate identi...ijsptm
Institutional space as the value system determines what methods work and what behaviors are approved.
This study aimed to identify the relationship between organizational space (organizational structure,
corporate responsibility, corporate support and productivity management) with senior administration
identity of corporate managers of West Azerbaijan. 150 standardized questionnaires were distributed
among population and 100 questionnaires were returned to test hypotheses. According to normal data, the
Pearson correlation coefficient used to determine the type and extent of the relationship between the
variables. The results show there is a direct relationship between corporate responsibility, productivity
management, organizational support and corporate identity. However, a significant relationship between
the dimensions of organizational structure and corporate identity does not exist. So we suggest that serious
efforts should be made in General Offices in West Azerbaijan by exercising efficiently management and
developing appropriate organizational space (with respect to the liability of agents, productivity
management and organizational support) in order to improve organizational identity administration.
A STUDY ON TRAINING AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AMONG THE MEDICAL AND THE AD...IAEME Publication
Basically, training and development were not seen as activities can help companies successfully create value and deal with competitiveness Advantage. Today that view has changed training for staff is being added value for organizations today. In this study researcher examine the impact of the components of training programs on the effectiveness of training programs and try to identify the discriminant aspects of the training and the development programs among the medical and the administrative staff in hospitals. The survey was taken in Tiruchirappalli district with 400 samples. Questionnaire was designed in five parts and circulated manually among respondents. Reliability and validity were analyzed through pilot study and the results were given.
MSc Managerial Psychology
Assessment Brief
SECTION 1
Assessment Point 1
Module Title: Project and Research Management
Module Code: UU-PSY705 ZM
Essay Title: A written research proposal for the research to be carried out in the
dissertation stage
Word Limit: 3500 words
Assessment Point No: 1 (1 out of 1) 100% of final module mark
Online Submission: Date and Time: See your module schedule.
Learning outcomes assessed:
1. Demonstrate an advanced understanding of the key principles of research
design regarding a particular project as well as an appreciation of the various
research strategies.
2. Critically evaluate sources of information and/or argument in relation to
research objectives.
3. Demonstrate effective skills in the communication of research findings.
4. Apply project management tools, processes and techniques.
5. As appropriate to specific student needs, students will develop an advanced
understanding in at least one of the following areas:
6.A range of research methods for data collection;
7.Data management and analysis, and awareness of issues affecting
data interpretation;
Important Guidelines:
1. Title
The title should be clear and specific, but not too detailed. For example, assume
we had done an experiment in which we had examined whether or not having
breakfast affected people’s ability to concentrate later in the day.
A good title would be ‘The effects of breakfast on mid-morning concentration
levels’.
Avoid using titles that are:
• Too vague
• Very detailed
The American Psychological Association suggests the title to be about 10-
12 words long.
2. Introduction and Literature Review
Introduction
This section is very important. In order to get the reader engaged with your
work you need make sure that you set the scene for the whole essay in a clear
way. Clarify the topic and the aim of the essay. Keep in mind that the reader
might not be familiar with your topic, and hence you should provide
explanations for all relevant terms and a brief overview of the structure of the
essay. Avoid lengthy discussions or explanations regarding definitions or
relevant research findings. Such discussions should be incorporated be part of
your literature review.
Basically, this section introduces the reader to the topic:
Give an introduction to the area of
Provide a rationale for the study using previous studies
Show how the current study fits in with existing literature
Literature Review
Literature review will be focused around your chosen topic -should summarize
and discuss the most recent and most relevant research findings related to the
current research project.
This part should highlight the research gap
The review provides the background of the problem
Critical evaluation is essential
Stat.
PSY 3490, Industrial Organizational Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Define job analysis.
2. Differentiate between job-oriented and people-oriented approaches.
3. Compare and contrast the methods of job analysis and understand the features and limitations of
each.
4. Interpret what studies suggest regarding the reliability and validity of job analysis.
5. Evaluate the concept of performance criteria, and describe their characteristics.
6. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of the objective measures of job performance.
7. Describe subjective measures of job performance.
8. Explain the different types of error associated with subjective measures.
9. Analyze the advantages of 360-degree feedback.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3:
Job Analysis
Chapter 4:
Performance Appraisal
Unit Lesson
Assessment
I/O psychologists use a variety of methods when performing their jobs, and regardless of the work setting,
most use assessment methods. Assessment involves gathering information in a systematic way. For I/O
psychologists working as professors, this information may be gathered in a research laboratory, through
surveys, for example. For I/O psychologists working within a large corporation, this information may be
gathered through observing employees at work. For I/O psychologists working for a consulting firm, this
information may be collected through interviews with clients. Regardless of the setting, I/O psychologists
typically apply reliable assessment techniques.
Job Analysis
One type of assessment that is common for consultants and others working directly in organization is called a
job analysis. A job analysis involves a, “method for describing jobs and/or the human attributes necessary to
perform them,” (Spector, 2012, p.54). The job analysis provides a thorough and accurate depiction of the job.
It specifies the activities, tasks, and characteristics associated with the job, and it may also specify the
knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes that an employee would need to perform the job.
Most I/O psychologists are trained to perform job analyses because these serve as the foundation for other
I/O activities. They use different approaches to analyze the job, depending on the purpose of the assessment.
One approach is called the job-oriented job analysis, and this focuses on what the employee does within that
job. Whereas, a person-oriented job analysis focuses on the specific competencies needed to perform the job
(Spector, 2012).
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Assessment
PSY 3490, Industrial Organizational Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Job oriented job-analysis involves analyzing different levels of the job, including the position, duties, tasks,
activities, and elements of the job. The position is what people often mean when referring to “job,” and it
represents the role ...
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Activation Modulated Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, Osmotic activated Drug Delivery Systems, Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems systems are discussed here.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
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1. 1
General APA Guidelines
Manuscript Pages
Title page: Title, author’s name, and
other identifying information. Page 1
Abstract: Page 2
Introduction, Analysis & Discussion:
This is body of the research report
(containing four sections; Introduction,
Method, Results and Discussion)
beginning on page 3
References: Listed together, starting on
a separate page,
2. 2
General APA Guidelines
Manuscript Pages
Appendixes (if any): Each appendix starts on
its own separate page.
Author note (if any): Listed together, starting
on a separate page.
Tables: Each starts on its own separate
page.
Figure Captions: Listed together, starting on
a separate page.
Figures: Each on its own separate page.
3. 3
General APA Guidelines
Title Page
The title page is the first page of the
manuscript and contains four pieces of
identifying information:
(1) A running head for publication.
(2) The title,
(3) The author name,
(4) The author’s institutional affiliation,
4. 4
General APA Guidelines
Employees’ job satisfaction 1
Employees’ job satisfaction (Running Head)
Effect of managerial functions on the level of satisfaction of new
employees
Summaya Hqqi
BBA
Department of Business administration
IQRA University, Karachi.
AN APA-STYLE TITLE PAGE
Page Header and
Page number
Max 50 characters
Centre title
Author names
Author Affiliations
5. 5
General APA Guidelines
ABSTRACT
The abstract is a brief summary of the research study, totaling no
more than 120 words. The abstract focuses on what was done
and what was found in the study
IT CONTAINS
A one sentence statement of the problem or research question
A brief description of the subjects or participants (identifying how
many and any relevant characteristics)
A brief description of the research methods and procedures
A report of the results
A statement about the conclusions or implications
6. 6
General APA Guidelines
Employees’ job satisfaction 2
Abstract
The issue of Job Satisfaction, Motivation in the workplace
and the role of Job Characteristics have been the cause of
intensive research for many years now and have given rise to
many theories. It is often assumed that all people receive
satisfaction by the same things. Actually a whole range of
factors satisfies employees. The way supervisors treat their
subordinates is obviously very important. The four
dimensions of management that are researched upon in this
paper are planning, organizing, controlling and motivating. All
these management functions, as the hypotheses suggests,
effect the job satisfaction of employees’. A total of hundred
bank employees were surveyed to identify what factors have
a greater effect on their level of job satisfaction. To achieve
this, a regression model was developed based on the
dependent and independent variables. The model identified
that out of the four independent variables, planning and
motivating have a significant effect on the level of satisfaction
of employees .
AN APA-STYLE ABSTRACT
Begin a new page
Center
No Indent
Statement of problem
Describe participants
Conclusion Or
Implications
Describe method &
results
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General APA Guidelines
THE INTRODUCTION
The introduction presents a logical
development of the research question,
including a review of the relevant background
literature, a statement of the research
question or hypothesis, and a brief
description of the methods used to answer
the question or test the hypothesis.
8. 8
General APA Guidelines
Employees’ job satisfaction
Effect of managerial functions on the level of satisfaction of
employees
Managers have to perform many roles in an organization and they need to handle various
situations, which will depend on their style of management. A management style is an
overall method of leadership used by a manager but managers must adjust their styles
according to the situation that they are presented with as well as the relationship behavior
(amount of support required) and the task behavior (amount of guidance required)
Job satisfaction emerges from a variety of factors, including characteristics of the
organizational environment, specific features of the job, and the personal characteristics of
the worker. Higher job satisfaction has been linked with employees who are able to exercise
autonomy (Sekaran 1989) and with those who have a higher level of job involvement
(Mortimer and Lorence 1989).
a considerate supervisor who treats his workers as human beings, respects their dignity, is
prepared to help them is respected. (Parkinson, Rustomji & Sapre, 1986)
Similarly, participation in the decision-making process (planning) can increase job
satisfaction (Parkinson, Rustomji & Sapre, 1986). Within superior-subordinate exchanges,
subordinates' perceptions of the exchange affect their attitudes about the job itself
(Wesolowski & Mossholder, 1997).
A questionnaire was designed to carry out the survey. Each participant was handed out a
questionnaire that consisted of various questions inquiring them about the practices of their
supervisors and its subsequent effect on their level of job satisfaction Based on the
arguments above the following hypotheses were developed
Level of satisfaction increases when subordinates are involved in the planning process by
their supervisors”.
“Level of satisfaction increases when subordinates are involved in the organizing process by
their supervisors”.
“Level of satisfaction of subordinates decreases when the supervisors implement high level
of control”.
“Level of satisfaction increases when the supervisors motivate their subordinates”.
AN APA-STYLE INTRODUCTION
Begin a new page
Center title
General
Introduction
Relevant literature
Purpose & Method
Hypothesis
9. 9
General APA Guidelines
THE METHOD SECTION
The method section of a research report
describes how the study was conducted,
including the subject or participants, the
apparatus or material and the procedure used.
Usually a method section is divided into three
subsections:
I.Subjects or Participants,
II.Apparatus or Material, and
III.Procedures.
10. 10
General APA Guidelines
public recognition, and/or participation (Business Balls, n.d.). Once this is identified, then
it would become a lot easier to direct them towards what is required of them, in this case
efficiency and effectiveness.
Method
Participants
Participants were selected from the newly hired employees of different banks
who had one year or less job experience with the same organization.
Materials
This was the study of a stochastic relationship, the level of job satisfaction was
measured, with relation to the job experience, & managerial behavior to new
employees
Employees’ job satisfaction 5
so no particular materials were required or used. A questionnaire was used as a
tool of primary data collection, from the respondents.
Procedure
Participants were given the questionnaire individually. After giving informed
consent, each participant completed a general demographic/personal history
questionnaire to collect information such as age, gender, details of job activities,
and job tenure with the company. The questionnaires were recollected after
being filled by the respondents and the data has been transferred to the
computer software for further statistical analysis.
AN APA STYLE METHOD SECTION
End of introduction
No new Page
Center
Italics & flush left
Describe
participants
Describe Apparatus &/or
Materials used
Describe process
of conducting study
11. 11
General APA Guidelines
THE RESULTS SECTION
The results section of a research report presents
a summary of the data and the statistical
analysis.
It begins with a statement of the primary
outcome of the study,
Followed by the basic descriptive statistics
(usually mean and standard deviation) then
The inferential statistics (usually the results of
hypothesis tests) and finally the measure of
effect size
12. 12
General APA Guidelines
THE RESULTS SECTION
Reports of statistical significance should
be made in a statement that
identifies;
I. The type of test,
II.The degrees of freedom,
III.The outcome of the test and
IV.The level of significance
13. 13
General APA Guidelines
Were tested individually, so that the responses be kept unbiased.
Results
A multiple regression model was used to determine the relationship between the
independent variables i.e. planning (PLN), organizing (ORG), controlling (CTRL) &
motivating (MTV), and the dependent variable i.e. job satisfaction (SAT) of employees.
A scale was developed, 3 being the highest, and 1 being the lowest score, to measure
the practices of the supervisors – independent variable.
Summary of the model in table – 3, indicates R Square value of 0.294 with F statistics
value of 11.301 significant at 0.000. It means that the model (independent variables:
planning, organizing, controlling & motivating) has explained almost 30 per cent of the
influencing factors that affect job satisfaction. However, this also indicates a 70 per cent
unexplained variation, showing that there are some significant variables missing in the
model. This may call for a further study in the same area. The significance of F value
suggests that the model calculation of R Square is correct.
Employees’ job satisfaction 6
Table – 4 shows Sum of Squares for the total variance of the phenomena, i.e. 3264.640,
with regression showing variance explained by the model framed in this research. Mean
while, the residual value depicts the variance unexplained by the model.
The F statistics value of 11.301 has a significance of 0.000.
The t value states the significance of the parametric values. While, Sig of t, shows that
planning and motivating are the two functions that have greater impact on the level of
satisfaction of employees with a significance of 0.047 and 0.000 respectively. Where as,
organizing and controlling have a significance of 0.808 and 0.297 respectively which
states that these two variables do not contribute immensely to the level of satisfaction of
employees.
Discussions
After surveying hundred bank employees using a questionnaire based on managerial
functions and its subsequent effect on the level of satisfaction of employees, a
AN APA STYLE RESULTS SECTION
End of method
Section, no new
page
Descriptive statistics
In a table placed at
The end of manuscript
Inferential
Statistics
Center
14. 14
General APA Guidelines
THE DISCUSSION SECTION
The discussion section of a research
report restates the hypothesis,
summarizes the results, and then
presents a discussion of the
interpretations, implications and
possible applications of the results.
15. 15
General APA Guidelines
organizing and controlling have a significance of 0.808 and 0.297 respectively which
states that these two variables do not contribute immensely to the level of satisfaction of
employees.
Discussion
After surveying hundred bank employees using a questionnaire based on managerial functions and
its subsequent effect on the level of satisfaction of employees, a regression model was formulated to
determine what functions (independent variable) have a greater effect on the level of satisfaction
(dependent variable). The results partially supported the hypotheses that the level of satisfaction of
employees’ is affected by the four managerial functions: planning, organizing, controlling & motivating.
Employees are considered to be more receptive when their supervisors engage them in the planning
process and/or provide them with incentives to enhance their work performance. Where as when
supervisors demonstrate control over their subordinates, and/or pursue more organizing techniques, it
results in lower level of job satisfaction of employees.
The way supervisors treat their subordinates is obviously very important. A supervisor who tries to
dominate his workers and insults them only creates bitterness. On the other hand, a considerate
supervisor who treats his workers as human beings, respects their dignity, is prepared to help them is
respected. (Parkinson, Rustomji & Sapre, 1986)
Similarly, participation in the decision-making process (planning) can increase job satisfaction
(Parkinson, Rustomji & Sapre, 1986). Within superior-subordinate exchanges, subordinates'
perceptions of the exchange affect their attitudes about the job itself (Wesolowski & Mossholder,
1997).
Besides the four researched factors, there are various other variables that have a significant effect on
the level of satisfaction of employees. Table – 2 provides a summary of the model. It indicates the R
Square value of 0.294 with F statistics value of 11.301 significant at 0.000, meaning that the model has
explained almost 30 per cent of the influencing factors that affect job satisfaction. The significance of F
value suggests that the model calculation of R Square is correct. The table also indicates that there is a
70 per cent unexplained variation, showing that there are almost 70% other unexplained variables
present that may have a significant effect on the level of satisfaction of employees that are not touched
upon in this research.
AN APA STYLE DISCUSSION SECTION
End of results
No New page
Restate
hypothesis
Relate to Other
Research
Implications
or
Applications
Center
Restate Results
16. 16
General APA Guidelines
• APA style requires that you provide, in your text, brief parenthetical
references identifying each work referred to. The APA
format for parenthetical references is described below.
• At the end of your paper, provide an alphabetized "Reference List"
containing complete citations for all works cited or referred to
in your paper..
Reference List - Examples for Print Publications
BOOKS
General Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (2004). Title of book. Location: Publisher
Examples: Holmberg, D., Orbuch, T., & Veroff, J. (2004). Thrice-
told tales: Married couples tell their stories. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. 17
General APA Guidelines
CHAPTER IN A BOOK
General Format:
Author, A. A. (2004). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B.
Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (p./pp. nnn-
nnn). Location: Publisher.
Examples: Stein, A. (1997). “The post effects”':
From taxonomy to post structuralism. In D. Owen
(Ed.), Sociology after postmodernism (pp.158-172).
London: Sage.
18. 18
General APA Guidelines
JOURNAL ARTICLES
General Format
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author. C. C. (2004). Title
of article. Title of Journal, volume, page-numbers.
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2003). Defeating Kyoto:
The conservative movement's impact on U.S. climate change
policy. Social Problems, 50, 348-373.
Stein, H. F. (2003, Spring). The inner world of workplaces:
Accessing this world through poetry, narrative literature,
music, and visual art. Consulting Psychology Journal:
Practice & Research, 55(2),84-93.
19. 19
General APA Guidelines
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
General Format: Author, A. A. if named or Article title if
no author. (2004, Month day). Title of article if not given
before [useful descriptive information]. Title of Magazine,
volume if given, page-numbers.
Examples:
Kenji, M., & Tanako, K. (2003, February 13). Conflict
and cognitive control. Science, 303, 969-970.
20. 20
General APA Guidelines
Employees’ job satisfaction 2
References
Holmberg, D., Orbuch, T., & Veroff, J. (2004). Thrice-told
tales: Married couples tell their stories. Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum
Kenji, M., & Tanako, K. (2003, February 13). Conflict and
cognitive control. Science, 303, 969-970.
McCright A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2003). Defeating Kyoto:
The conservative movement's impact on U.S. climate
change policy. Social Problems, 50, 348-373.
Stein, A. (1997). “The post effects”': From taxonomy to
post structuralism. In D. Owen (Ed.), Sociology after
postmodernism (pp.158-172). London: Sage. McCright,
Stein, H. F. (2003, Spring). The inner world of workplaces:
Accessing this world through poetry, narrative literature,
music, and visual art. Consulting Psychology Journal:
Practice & Research, 55(2),84-93.
Book reference
Journal Articles
Book Chapter
Magazine Articles
22. 22
General APA Guidelines
Guidelines for Typing or Word
Processing
The General APA guidelines require that
manuscript be ;
Double spaced
With no more than 27 lines of text per
page (8.1/2 X 11 inch page),
With at least a one inch margin on all sides
The text should have a straight left-hand
margin but an uneven or ragged right-hand
margin without hyphenation breaking
words at the ends of lines
23. 23
General APA Guidelines
Guidelines for Typing or Word
Processing
Indentation should be consistent throughout the
manuscript.
Indent the first line of each paragraph 5 to 7
spaces;
The preferred typefaces (Fonts) are 12 point,
Times Roman or 12 point Courier.
24. 24
General APA Guidelines
Page Numbers & Page Headers
Each page of the manuscript, except
the “figures” page, is numbered and
identified with a page header. The
page number should be positioned in
the upper “right-hand” edge.