1. The document discusses the production of masculinity and femininity, noting that four forces shape one's masculinity: biology, psychology, culture, and society. 2. It explains how biology forms the basis of maleness through sex chromosomes. However, masculinity is also a social construction that varies over time and place based on social and economic systems. 3. The cultural and psychological forces from one's communities and internal experiences also influence how masculinity and gender identity are formed from a young age.

1. Socio Legal Dimensions of
Gender
Lecture 3
By Ms. Ankita Kumar Gupta

2. Topic to be Covered
• Production of Masculinity and Femininity

3. Lets Watch…
• Satyamev Jayate Season 3 _ Episode 6 _ “When Masculinity Harms
Men”

4. Production of Masculinity and Femininity
• If you view masculinity from an integral perspective then there a four
distinct forces that shape your masculinity:
1. Your biology
2. Your psychology
3. The cultures you inhabit
4. The society you live in
• These four distinct forces interact at every stage of masculinity to
shape your experience of being a man. In simple terms biology and
psychology represent the forces of nature while society and culture
represent the forces of nurture.

5. Biology Of Masculinity
• Maleness is formed at a biological level in the XY sex chromosomes
found in every cell of our bodies. The small proportion of men born
with an XXY chromosome are less masculine.

6. The Social Construction Of Masculinity
• The nature of masculinity changes over time in parallel with the common social systems
that define a culture or historical era. In the agricultural age, for example, the invention
of the plough revolutionized food production. The plough relied heavily on male upper
body strength and required men to work away from their family while women stayed
close to home. To this day the hard-working dad and the stay-at-home are still
recognized as archetypal masculine and feminine roles.
• As countries evolve from agrarian to industrial to post-industrial systems of economic
production, the nature of masculinity and femininity also evolves. In modern industrial
nations, women can reach the top of their field by adopting masculine traits. As post-
modern, post-industrial nations emerge, feminine skills become more valued.
• The laws that govern sex and gender are also part of the social systems that shape our
masculinity. In countries where men and women have generous and equal parental leave
rights, women earn more and men do more childcare. Is this because the men in these
countries are more feminine, nurturing and caring naturally, or is their masculinity being
nurtured in a new direction by the country’s parental leave laws?

7. The Cultural Construction Of Masculinity
• The values and beliefs of the communities we are born into play a
huge role in defining our masculinity.

8. The Psychology Of Masculinity
• The psychology of masculinity is perhaps the most interesting aspect to
explore as it is in our own psychological world that we experience being a
man, being manly and being masculine. Our psychological world is where
our gender identity is formed and where we personally experience the
influence that biology, society and culture have in shaping our masculinity.
• Some biological determinists see gender differences in society as being the
result of men’s and women’s psychological preferences and choices. For
social and cultural determinists, the choices and preferences men and
women express at the micro level are the result of coercion at a macro
level. For example, If we don’t give fathers equal rights and opportunities
as parents through laws and policies at a macro level, then this will effect
the preferences and choices that individual fathers make at the micro level.

9. • According to the Psychologist Martin Seager who chaired the UK’s
first male psychology conference , there are three ancient rules of
masculinity that create the “male script” that shapes and informs our
experience of being a man. These rules are:
1. Men should be fighters and winners
2. Men should be protectors and providers
3. Men should retain mastery and control
• Masculine psychological development is driven by rights: i.e. my
rights, our rights, everyone’s rights. Feminine psychological
development is driven by care: i.e. my care, our care, everyone’s care.

10. Is femininity and masculinity a social or
biological construct?

11. Patriarchy

12. Different areas of women‟s lives are said to
be under patriarchal control.
• Women’s productive or labour power
• Women’s Reproduction
• Control over Women’s Sexuality
• Women’s Mobility
• Property and other Economic Resources

13. Lets Watch…
• Gentlemen Kisse kahetey hain
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lh6DCBeTTzM)

14. Thank you