LMIC Senior Economist Behnoush Amery presented on post-secondary education and gender earning differentials at the Canadian Research Data Centre Network’s National Conference in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Identifying Age Penalty in Women's Wages: New method and evidence from GermanyGRAPE
This document describes a study that uses a new method to identify age penalties in women's wages in Germany. The study extends an existing decomposition method to separate the effects of cohort, time, and age on the gender wage gap. The researchers use long-term panel data from Germany and control for factors like education, experience, and household characteristics. Their results show that the adjusted gender wage gap changes as women age through their careers, with some cohorts experiencing wider gaps and others narrower gaps at different points. The researchers control for non-working years by including working for a wage in their statistical model.
Technisource Women in IT Careers Survey - Monster.comMonster
Despite years of criticism on the subject, there are still large disparities in the way men and women view employment within the technology field, according to the 2010 Technisource Women in Information Technology Report (conducted by Monster.com®). Most notably, differences in viewpoints were concentrated in compensation, mentors and role models, and challenges faced.
The new study demonstrates that while some lagging societal issues remain unchanged across the board, such as equal compensation, some perceived differences may be the result of specific choices and priorities between genders.
Among the key findings:
Career Satisfaction
Seventy-eight percent of women do not believe that compensation is equal between men and women – nearly half of the male respondents do perceive equality.
When asked about most important factors to men and women for career satisfaction, the greatest differences were men chose compensation and women chose being challenged and flexibility.
Career Progression
Fifty-two percent of women working in IT believe there is a "glass ceiling" that restricts their employment growth (28% of women are neutral).
When asked what the most important factors for career success were over the next five years, both men and women responded with technology experience and skills.
Mentorship/Role Models
When asked if respondents have had or do have a mentor, women responded the highest with 33 percent to 28 percent of men.
Seventy-three percent of women do not believe there are enough role models for women (versus 52 percent of men).
Future of Women in IT
Both men (56 percent) and women (70 percent) believe that greater promotion of IT as a career choice for women is the top encouraging factor for young women to enter the field.
Twenty-seven percent of men believe that women have an advantage over men working in the IT field.
Only 26 percent of men and 24 percent of women believe that society encourages young women to study math and science.
According to respondents, 74 percent of women believe female workers face a different set of career challenges than their male counterparts (compared to 48 percent of men).
"Our Women in Information Technology Report shows that there appear to be differences beyond how both women and men view their compensation and career progression within the IT field," said Alisia Genzler, vice president of the Northeast Region of Technisource. "Employers should take heed of these differing mindsets to better understand the unique priorities and challenges each of these groups face. Failing to do so will affect employee satisfaction, work performance, and in turn create a workforce that will jump at the opportunity to work for an employer that recognizes and acknowledges what really matters to them."
The document appears to be a report on Luxembourg's talent and education rankings for 2023. It includes various metrics and rankings for Luxembourg in areas like education spending, minimum wage, cost of living, student mobility, language skills, and more. Luxembourg's overall ranking for talent is #17 and its highest individual rankings are for health infrastructure (#5), statutory minimum wage (#3), and apprenticeships (#2). Its lowest rankings are for skilled labor availability (#25) and finance skills availability (#24).
Basic Demographic Indicators_21 Jan 2022.pptxHongTrcng
This document provides demographic indicators and data about Thailand's population in 2016. It defines key demographic indicators such as sex ratio, median age, and age-dependent ratio. It then presents Thailand's values for these indicators in 2016, showing a sex ratio of 0.94 males to females, a median age of 35.46 years, and an age-dependent ratio of 52.27. The document also discusses fertility indicators and uses data from 2009 to calculate Thailand's crude birth rate, general fertility rate, total fertility rate, and other metrics.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way to evade strict employment protection legislation. It presents hypotheses that employers and employees may mutually agree for the employee to become dependent self-employed to avoid restrictions of employment protection. The document outlines its objectives to analyze if countries with stricter employment legislation have higher dependent self-employment, and which employee characteristics and economic conditions affect the likelihood of becoming dependent self-employed versus truly self-employed. It uses European household panel data and econometric models to find that stricter employment protection, active labor market policies, and higher potential severance payments are linked to greater dependent self-employment transitions.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way for employers to evade strict employment protection legislation. It analyzes data from the European Community Household Panel from 1994-2001 to examine transitions from paid employment to dependent or true self-employment. The results show that stricter employment protection legislation and active labor market policies increase transitions to dependent self-employment, while the business cycle and potential severance payments also influence the likelihood of different transition types. The conclusions question whether policies encouraging self-employment are well-designed and whether measures should be taken to address dependent self-employment.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way to evade strict employment protection legislation. It presents hypotheses that employers may encourage employees to become dependent self-employed in countries with strict EPL. The study uses European household panel data to analyze transitions from paid employment to dependent vs true self-employment. Results found that stricter EPL and active labor market policies increase dependent self-employment transitions, while business cycles and potential severance payments also impact the different transition types. The study concludes that policies aimed at encouraging self-employment may not be well-designed and measures are needed to address dependent self-employment.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way for employers to evade strict employment protection legislation. It analyzes data from the European Community Household Panel from 1994-2001 to examine transitions from paid employment to dependent or true self-employment. The results show that stricter employment protection legislation and active labor market policies increase transitions to dependent self-employment, while the business cycle and potential severance payments also influence the likelihood of different employment transitions. The document concludes that policies aimed at encouraging self-employment may not be well-designed and measures should be taken to identify and address dependent self-employment.
Identifying Age Penalty in Women's Wages: New method and evidence from GermanyGRAPE
This document describes a study that uses a new method to identify age penalties in women's wages in Germany. The study extends an existing decomposition method to separate the effects of cohort, time, and age on the gender wage gap. The researchers use long-term panel data from Germany and control for factors like education, experience, and household characteristics. Their results show that the adjusted gender wage gap changes as women age through their careers, with some cohorts experiencing wider gaps and others narrower gaps at different points. The researchers control for non-working years by including working for a wage in their statistical model.
Technisource Women in IT Careers Survey - Monster.comMonster
Despite years of criticism on the subject, there are still large disparities in the way men and women view employment within the technology field, according to the 2010 Technisource Women in Information Technology Report (conducted by Monster.com®). Most notably, differences in viewpoints were concentrated in compensation, mentors and role models, and challenges faced.
The new study demonstrates that while some lagging societal issues remain unchanged across the board, such as equal compensation, some perceived differences may be the result of specific choices and priorities between genders.
Among the key findings:
Career Satisfaction
Seventy-eight percent of women do not believe that compensation is equal between men and women – nearly half of the male respondents do perceive equality.
When asked about most important factors to men and women for career satisfaction, the greatest differences were men chose compensation and women chose being challenged and flexibility.
Career Progression
Fifty-two percent of women working in IT believe there is a "glass ceiling" that restricts their employment growth (28% of women are neutral).
When asked what the most important factors for career success were over the next five years, both men and women responded with technology experience and skills.
Mentorship/Role Models
When asked if respondents have had or do have a mentor, women responded the highest with 33 percent to 28 percent of men.
Seventy-three percent of women do not believe there are enough role models for women (versus 52 percent of men).
Future of Women in IT
Both men (56 percent) and women (70 percent) believe that greater promotion of IT as a career choice for women is the top encouraging factor for young women to enter the field.
Twenty-seven percent of men believe that women have an advantage over men working in the IT field.
Only 26 percent of men and 24 percent of women believe that society encourages young women to study math and science.
According to respondents, 74 percent of women believe female workers face a different set of career challenges than their male counterparts (compared to 48 percent of men).
"Our Women in Information Technology Report shows that there appear to be differences beyond how both women and men view their compensation and career progression within the IT field," said Alisia Genzler, vice president of the Northeast Region of Technisource. "Employers should take heed of these differing mindsets to better understand the unique priorities and challenges each of these groups face. Failing to do so will affect employee satisfaction, work performance, and in turn create a workforce that will jump at the opportunity to work for an employer that recognizes and acknowledges what really matters to them."
The document appears to be a report on Luxembourg's talent and education rankings for 2023. It includes various metrics and rankings for Luxembourg in areas like education spending, minimum wage, cost of living, student mobility, language skills, and more. Luxembourg's overall ranking for talent is #17 and its highest individual rankings are for health infrastructure (#5), statutory minimum wage (#3), and apprenticeships (#2). Its lowest rankings are for skilled labor availability (#25) and finance skills availability (#24).
Basic Demographic Indicators_21 Jan 2022.pptxHongTrcng
This document provides demographic indicators and data about Thailand's population in 2016. It defines key demographic indicators such as sex ratio, median age, and age-dependent ratio. It then presents Thailand's values for these indicators in 2016, showing a sex ratio of 0.94 males to females, a median age of 35.46 years, and an age-dependent ratio of 52.27. The document also discusses fertility indicators and uses data from 2009 to calculate Thailand's crude birth rate, general fertility rate, total fertility rate, and other metrics.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way to evade strict employment protection legislation. It presents hypotheses that employers and employees may mutually agree for the employee to become dependent self-employed to avoid restrictions of employment protection. The document outlines its objectives to analyze if countries with stricter employment legislation have higher dependent self-employment, and which employee characteristics and economic conditions affect the likelihood of becoming dependent self-employed versus truly self-employed. It uses European household panel data and econometric models to find that stricter employment protection, active labor market policies, and higher potential severance payments are linked to greater dependent self-employment transitions.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way for employers to evade strict employment protection legislation. It analyzes data from the European Community Household Panel from 1994-2001 to examine transitions from paid employment to dependent or true self-employment. The results show that stricter employment protection legislation and active labor market policies increase transitions to dependent self-employment, while the business cycle and potential severance payments also influence the likelihood of different transition types. The conclusions question whether policies encouraging self-employment are well-designed and whether measures should be taken to address dependent self-employment.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way to evade strict employment protection legislation. It presents hypotheses that employers may encourage employees to become dependent self-employed in countries with strict EPL. The study uses European household panel data to analyze transitions from paid employment to dependent vs true self-employment. Results found that stricter EPL and active labor market policies increase dependent self-employment transitions, while business cycles and potential severance payments also impact the different transition types. The study concludes that policies aimed at encouraging self-employment may not be well-designed and measures are needed to address dependent self-employment.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way for employers to evade strict employment protection legislation. It analyzes data from the European Community Household Panel from 1994-2001 to examine transitions from paid employment to dependent or true self-employment. The results show that stricter employment protection legislation and active labor market policies increase transitions to dependent self-employment, while the business cycle and potential severance payments also influence the likelihood of different employment transitions. The document concludes that policies aimed at encouraging self-employment may not be well-designed and measures should be taken to identify and address dependent self-employment.
The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way to evade strict employment protection legislation. It presents hypotheses that employers and employees may mutually agree for the employee to become dependent self-employed to avoid restrictions of employment protection. The document outlines objectives to analyze whether countries with stricter employment legislation have higher dependent self-employment, and which employee characteristics predict dependent versus true self-employment. Econometric models are used to analyze data from the European Community Household Panel from 1994-2001. Results suggest employment protection, active labor market policies, and potential severance payments increase dependent self-employment transitions from paid employment.
The document provides admissions statistics for Nazarbayev University Foundation Year Programme (NUFYP) from 2010 to 2017. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers who met admission criteria, and students accepted each year. It also breaks down admission numbers and test scores by gender, region of Kazakhstan, and NU school. The number of applicants and exam takers generally decreased from 2010 to 2017 while the number accepted fluctuated between 484 and 706.
Florian Tramèr, Researcher, EPFL at MLconf SEA - 5/20/16MLconf
Discovering Unwarranted Associations in Data-Driven Applications with the FairTest Testing Toolkit: In today’s data-driven world, programmers routinely incorporate user data into complex algorithms, heuristics, and application pipelines. While often beneficial, this practice can have unintended and detrimental consequences, such as the discriminatory effects identified in Staples’ online pricing algorithm and the racially offensive labels recently found in Google’s image tagger.
We argue that such effects are bugs that should be tested for and debugged in a manner similar to functionality, performance, and security bugs. We describe FairTest, a testing toolkit that detects unwarranted associations between an algorithm’s outputs (e.g., prices or labels) and user subpopulations, including protected groups (e.g., defined by race or gender). FairTest reports any statistically significant associations to programmers as potential bugs, ranked by their strength and likelihood of being unintentional, rather than necessary effects.
We designed FairTest for ease of use by programmers and integrated it into the evaluation framework of SciPy, a popular library for data analytics. We used FairTest experimentally to identify unfair disparate impact, offensive labeling, and disparate rates of algorithmic error in six applications and datasets. As examples, our results reveal subtle biases against older populations in the distribution of error in a real predictive health application, and offensive racial labeling in an image tagger.
The document provides admissions statistics for Nazarbayev University Foundation Year Programme (NUFYP) from 2010 to 2017. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers who met admission criteria, and students accepted each year. It also breaks down admission numbers and test scores by subject, region, gender, and NU school. The number of applicants and exam takers generally decreased from 2010 to 2017 while the number accepted fluctuated between 484 and 706. Engineering was the most popular school for admitted students throughout this period.
Andrew Maguire - 2016 State of College HiringLooksharp
Each year, Looksharp surveys over 20,000 students
from more than 1,000 universities across the country to understand how students and recent grads experiences and perceptions are changing. The 2016 report covers everything from salary expectations from graduating seniors and the rising importance of work-life balance to the growth of Computer Science related coursework and the push for recruiters to make an impression on High School students.
Andrew is founder and CEO of InternMatch (now Looksharp). Founded in 2009, Looksharp is the largest platform dedicated to launching the career of every student. Since inception, Looksharp has served millions of students and thousands of employers across the US. In his free time, Andrew enjoys skiing, playing tennis, learning about Blockchain, reading Sci Fi, and playing chess. Andrew also advises several startups with a focus on education and talent.
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between demographic factors and employees' intention to quit in Sri Lanka's Free Trade Zones. The study found that age, length of service, and family income were significant demographic factors affecting intention to quit, while marital status and education were not significant. A survey of 568 employees found that younger workers with less than 1 year of service and lower family incomes had higher intentions to quit. The study aims to help organizations better understand and address the problem of high employee turnover in these trade zones.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
This study examined factors influencing where mothers in Laos choose to deliver their babies. The study surveyed 303 mothers across 30 districts in 3 provinces. It found that over half of mothers (51.1%) delivered at hospitals. Key factors associated with choosing hospital delivery included the father's occupation (especially if a government official), shorter travel time to the hospital (<45 minutes), and attending more antenatal care appointments during pregnancy. The study concludes that increasing antenatal care utilization and reducing travel times could further increase rates of facility-based deliveries in Laos.
Is there public support for policies promoting healthybrownschool
This document summarizes a study on public support for policies promoting physical activity. The study surveyed over 1,200 adults about their support for various school and community physical activity policies. It found high support for policies requiring physical education in schools. Characteristics like gender, age, and education predicted support for school policies, while race, community walkability, and education predicted support for community policies. The results provide insights into advocacy strategies and which groups to target for increasing policy support. The study is part of a larger research agenda on physical activity policy through a national research network.
This document summarizes the results of an opinion poll conducted by Ipsos in Kenya regarding awareness and support for the country's constitutional requirement that women comprise at least one-third of elected bodies. The poll was conducted from March 28 to April 7, 2015 among 1,964 Kenyan adults through in-person interviews. It finds that 39% of respondents were aware of the one-third gender rule, though awareness was higher among women and supporters of specific political parties. Among those aware, 52% thought the requirement would not be met by the August 2015 deadline but most felt the rule would improve politics and governance.
This document summarizes the results of an opinion poll conducted by Ipsos in Kenya regarding awareness and support for the country's constitutional requirement that women comprise at least one-third of elected bodies. The poll was conducted from March 28 to April 7, 2015 among 1,964 Kenyan adults through in-person interviews. It finds that 39% of respondents were aware of the one-third gender rule, though awareness was higher among women and supporters of specific political parties. Among those aware, 52% believed the requirement would not be met by the August 2015 deadline, though most felt increasing women's representation would improve politics and governance.
The document analyzes voter data from the 13th Legislative District in Nassau County, NY to determine which demographic groups were most likely to vote in a primary election. 10 regression analyses found that voters aged 50-59 were most likely to turn out, but those aged 40-79 were also likely. A multiple regression showed that gender was not a significant predictor of turnout. Overall, the analyses show that targeting voters aged 40-79 would be most effective for a primary campaign in this district.
This expert meeting of the ESSSA initiative will provide a unique opportunity to share international experience in addressing the issue of skills mismatch as a way to contribute to more inclusive growth and good quality job creation across Southeast Asian countries.
Spatial regression model predicting Thailand’s election โดย อาจารย์ ดร. อานน...BAINIDA
The document discusses a conference on business analytics and data science in Thailand that included several presentations and topics:
1) Using data science to predict the results of Thailand's upcoming election and factors like social, economic, geographic, and demographic variables that could influence election outcomes.
2) Building spatial regression models to predict election results based on past voting data and other metrics.
3) One presentation discussed building a spatial negative binomial regression model to predict Thailand's 2011 election results based on 2005 and 2007 election data as well as socioeconomic and demographic variables.
The document summarizes immunization program data from Jharkhand, India. It provides coverage rates, dropout rates, and categorizes districts based on these metrics. It also reviews vaccine stock status, monitoring and supervision activities, and key issues like inadequate monitoring and timely supply of materials. The state has taken new initiatives to improve coverage like monthly review meetings and implementing a new MCH card statewide.
The document provides admissions statistics for a university program from 2010 to 2014. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers meeting criteria, accepted students, and their academic honors. The statistics are also broken down by school/subject, gender, test scores, and region of applicants. Over the years reported, the number of applicants increased while the acceptance rate remained around 50%. The majority of accepted students studied mathematics/physics and were male, with average test scores rising each year. By region, most students came from Astana city and East Kazakhstan initially, becoming more distributed across regions over time.
This document provides admissions statistics for students admitted to the NU Foundation Year Program from 2010 to 2016. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers meeting admission criteria, accepted students, and their test scores and choices of NU schools. Over this period, the number of applicants increased while the number of accepted students fluctuated between 484 and 720. Accepted students predominantly came from East Kazakhstan, Astana, and Almaty regions and most commonly chose the School of Engineering or Science and Technology. IELTS scores and entrance exam scores generally trended upward over this time period.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large New Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economies, we use this model to provide comparative statics across past and contemporaneous age structures of the working population. Thus, we quantify the extent to which the response of labor markets to adverse TFP shocks and monetary policy shocks becomes muted with the aging of the working population. Our findings have important policy implications for European labor markets and beyond. For example, the working population is expected to further age in Europe, whereas the share of young workers will remain robust in the US. Our results suggest a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle. Furthermore, with the aging population, lowering inflation volatility is less costly in terms of higher unemployment volatility. It suggests that optimal monetary policy should be more hawkish in the older society.
This document analyzes data from the Australian census to summarize occupational outcomes for engineering graduates. It finds that while 25% of engineering bachelor's graduates work as professional engineers, most do not and many are not working at all. Over time, even fewer graduates work as professional engineers as competition increases from people with other qualifications. The document also examines engineering graduate incomes, locations, and qualifications over time to understand trends in employment. It raises questions for engineering curriculum about preparing students for a wider range of career paths beyond traditional engineering roles.
Les offres d’emploi en ligne deviennent une ressource essentielle pour les décideurs et les chercheurs qui étudient le marché du travail. Le CIMT continue de travailler avec les données de Vicinity Jobs tirées des offres d’emploi en ligne, qui peuvent être analysées dans notre
tableau de bord des tendances de l'emploi au Canada. Notre analyse des données provenant des offres d’emploi en ligne a permis d'obtenir des informations précieuses, notamment le
récent rapport
de Suzanne Spiteri sur l'amélioration de la qualité et de l'accessibilité des offres d'emploi afin de réduire les obstacles à l'emploi pour les personnes neurodivergentes.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
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The document discusses dependent self-employment as a way to evade strict employment protection legislation. It presents hypotheses that employers and employees may mutually agree for the employee to become dependent self-employed to avoid restrictions of employment protection. The document outlines objectives to analyze whether countries with stricter employment legislation have higher dependent self-employment, and which employee characteristics predict dependent versus true self-employment. Econometric models are used to analyze data from the European Community Household Panel from 1994-2001. Results suggest employment protection, active labor market policies, and potential severance payments increase dependent self-employment transitions from paid employment.
The document provides admissions statistics for Nazarbayev University Foundation Year Programme (NUFYP) from 2010 to 2017. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers who met admission criteria, and students accepted each year. It also breaks down admission numbers and test scores by gender, region of Kazakhstan, and NU school. The number of applicants and exam takers generally decreased from 2010 to 2017 while the number accepted fluctuated between 484 and 706.
Florian Tramèr, Researcher, EPFL at MLconf SEA - 5/20/16MLconf
Discovering Unwarranted Associations in Data-Driven Applications with the FairTest Testing Toolkit: In today’s data-driven world, programmers routinely incorporate user data into complex algorithms, heuristics, and application pipelines. While often beneficial, this practice can have unintended and detrimental consequences, such as the discriminatory effects identified in Staples’ online pricing algorithm and the racially offensive labels recently found in Google’s image tagger.
We argue that such effects are bugs that should be tested for and debugged in a manner similar to functionality, performance, and security bugs. We describe FairTest, a testing toolkit that detects unwarranted associations between an algorithm’s outputs (e.g., prices or labels) and user subpopulations, including protected groups (e.g., defined by race or gender). FairTest reports any statistically significant associations to programmers as potential bugs, ranked by their strength and likelihood of being unintentional, rather than necessary effects.
We designed FairTest for ease of use by programmers and integrated it into the evaluation framework of SciPy, a popular library for data analytics. We used FairTest experimentally to identify unfair disparate impact, offensive labeling, and disparate rates of algorithmic error in six applications and datasets. As examples, our results reveal subtle biases against older populations in the distribution of error in a real predictive health application, and offensive racial labeling in an image tagger.
The document provides admissions statistics for Nazarbayev University Foundation Year Programme (NUFYP) from 2010 to 2017. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers who met admission criteria, and students accepted each year. It also breaks down admission numbers and test scores by subject, region, gender, and NU school. The number of applicants and exam takers generally decreased from 2010 to 2017 while the number accepted fluctuated between 484 and 706. Engineering was the most popular school for admitted students throughout this period.
Andrew Maguire - 2016 State of College HiringLooksharp
Each year, Looksharp surveys over 20,000 students
from more than 1,000 universities across the country to understand how students and recent grads experiences and perceptions are changing. The 2016 report covers everything from salary expectations from graduating seniors and the rising importance of work-life balance to the growth of Computer Science related coursework and the push for recruiters to make an impression on High School students.
Andrew is founder and CEO of InternMatch (now Looksharp). Founded in 2009, Looksharp is the largest platform dedicated to launching the career of every student. Since inception, Looksharp has served millions of students and thousands of employers across the US. In his free time, Andrew enjoys skiing, playing tennis, learning about Blockchain, reading Sci Fi, and playing chess. Andrew also advises several startups with a focus on education and talent.
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between demographic factors and employees' intention to quit in Sri Lanka's Free Trade Zones. The study found that age, length of service, and family income were significant demographic factors affecting intention to quit, while marital status and education were not significant. A survey of 568 employees found that younger workers with less than 1 year of service and lower family incomes had higher intentions to quit. The study aims to help organizations better understand and address the problem of high employee turnover in these trade zones.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
This study examined factors influencing where mothers in Laos choose to deliver their babies. The study surveyed 303 mothers across 30 districts in 3 provinces. It found that over half of mothers (51.1%) delivered at hospitals. Key factors associated with choosing hospital delivery included the father's occupation (especially if a government official), shorter travel time to the hospital (<45 minutes), and attending more antenatal care appointments during pregnancy. The study concludes that increasing antenatal care utilization and reducing travel times could further increase rates of facility-based deliveries in Laos.
Is there public support for policies promoting healthybrownschool
This document summarizes a study on public support for policies promoting physical activity. The study surveyed over 1,200 adults about their support for various school and community physical activity policies. It found high support for policies requiring physical education in schools. Characteristics like gender, age, and education predicted support for school policies, while race, community walkability, and education predicted support for community policies. The results provide insights into advocacy strategies and which groups to target for increasing policy support. The study is part of a larger research agenda on physical activity policy through a national research network.
This document summarizes the results of an opinion poll conducted by Ipsos in Kenya regarding awareness and support for the country's constitutional requirement that women comprise at least one-third of elected bodies. The poll was conducted from March 28 to April 7, 2015 among 1,964 Kenyan adults through in-person interviews. It finds that 39% of respondents were aware of the one-third gender rule, though awareness was higher among women and supporters of specific political parties. Among those aware, 52% thought the requirement would not be met by the August 2015 deadline but most felt the rule would improve politics and governance.
This document summarizes the results of an opinion poll conducted by Ipsos in Kenya regarding awareness and support for the country's constitutional requirement that women comprise at least one-third of elected bodies. The poll was conducted from March 28 to April 7, 2015 among 1,964 Kenyan adults through in-person interviews. It finds that 39% of respondents were aware of the one-third gender rule, though awareness was higher among women and supporters of specific political parties. Among those aware, 52% believed the requirement would not be met by the August 2015 deadline, though most felt increasing women's representation would improve politics and governance.
The document analyzes voter data from the 13th Legislative District in Nassau County, NY to determine which demographic groups were most likely to vote in a primary election. 10 regression analyses found that voters aged 50-59 were most likely to turn out, but those aged 40-79 were also likely. A multiple regression showed that gender was not a significant predictor of turnout. Overall, the analyses show that targeting voters aged 40-79 would be most effective for a primary campaign in this district.
This expert meeting of the ESSSA initiative will provide a unique opportunity to share international experience in addressing the issue of skills mismatch as a way to contribute to more inclusive growth and good quality job creation across Southeast Asian countries.
Spatial regression model predicting Thailand’s election โดย อาจารย์ ดร. อานน...BAINIDA
The document discusses a conference on business analytics and data science in Thailand that included several presentations and topics:
1) Using data science to predict the results of Thailand's upcoming election and factors like social, economic, geographic, and demographic variables that could influence election outcomes.
2) Building spatial regression models to predict election results based on past voting data and other metrics.
3) One presentation discussed building a spatial negative binomial regression model to predict Thailand's 2011 election results based on 2005 and 2007 election data as well as socioeconomic and demographic variables.
The document summarizes immunization program data from Jharkhand, India. It provides coverage rates, dropout rates, and categorizes districts based on these metrics. It also reviews vaccine stock status, monitoring and supervision activities, and key issues like inadequate monitoring and timely supply of materials. The state has taken new initiatives to improve coverage like monthly review meetings and implementing a new MCH card statewide.
The document provides admissions statistics for a university program from 2010 to 2014. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers meeting criteria, accepted students, and their academic honors. The statistics are also broken down by school/subject, gender, test scores, and region of applicants. Over the years reported, the number of applicants increased while the acceptance rate remained around 50%. The majority of accepted students studied mathematics/physics and were male, with average test scores rising each year. By region, most students came from Astana city and East Kazakhstan initially, becoming more distributed across regions over time.
This document provides admissions statistics for students admitted to the NU Foundation Year Program from 2010 to 2016. It summarizes the number of applicants, exam takers meeting admission criteria, accepted students, and their test scores and choices of NU schools. Over this period, the number of applicants increased while the number of accepted students fluctuated between 484 and 720. Accepted students predominantly came from East Kazakhstan, Astana, and Almaty regions and most commonly chose the School of Engineering or Science and Technology. IELTS scores and entrance exam scores generally trended upward over this time period.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large New Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economies, we use this model to provide comparative statics across past and contemporaneous age structures of the working population. Thus, we quantify the extent to which the response of labor markets to adverse TFP shocks and monetary policy shocks becomes muted with the aging of the working population. Our findings have important policy implications for European labor markets and beyond. For example, the working population is expected to further age in Europe, whereas the share of young workers will remain robust in the US. Our results suggest a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle. Furthermore, with the aging population, lowering inflation volatility is less costly in terms of higher unemployment volatility. It suggests that optimal monetary policy should be more hawkish in the older society.
This document analyzes data from the Australian census to summarize occupational outcomes for engineering graduates. It finds that while 25% of engineering bachelor's graduates work as professional engineers, most do not and many are not working at all. Over time, even fewer graduates work as professional engineers as competition increases from people with other qualifications. The document also examines engineering graduate incomes, locations, and qualifications over time to understand trends in employment. It raises questions for engineering curriculum about preparing students for a wider range of career paths beyond traditional engineering roles.
Similar to Gender Earnings Differentials Across Earnings Quantiles: Evidence from the linked PSIS-T1FF through the ELMLP (20)
Les offres d’emploi en ligne deviennent une ressource essentielle pour les décideurs et les chercheurs qui étudient le marché du travail. Le CIMT continue de travailler avec les données de Vicinity Jobs tirées des offres d’emploi en ligne, qui peuvent être analysées dans notre
tableau de bord des tendances de l'emploi au Canada. Notre analyse des données provenant des offres d’emploi en ligne a permis d'obtenir des informations précieuses, notamment le
récent rapport
de Suzanne Spiteri sur l'amélioration de la qualité et de l'accessibilité des offres d'emploi afin de réduire les obstacles à l'emploi pour les personnes neurodivergentes.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Les données d’offres d’emplois en ligne d'entreprises telles que Vicinity Jobs servent de plus en plus de complément aux sources traditionnelles de données sur la demande de main-d'œuvre, telles que les enquêtes sur les postes vacants et les salaires (EPVS). Ibrahim Abuallail, candidat au Ph. D., Université d’Ottawa, a présenté la recherche relative aux biais dans les offres d’emploi en ligne et une approche proposée pour rajuster efficacement les données de ces offres d’emploi afin de compléter les données officielles existantes (telles que celles des EPVS) et d'améliorer la mesure de la demande de main-d'œuvre.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
Les données de Vicinity Jobs englobent plus de trois millions d'offres d'emploi en ligne pour 2023 ainsi que des milliers de compétences. La plupart des compétences apparaissent dans moins de 0,02 % des offres d'emploi, de sorte que la plupart des offres reposent sur un petit sous-ensemble de termes couramment utilisés, comme le travail en équipe.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, économiste, CIMT, et Sukriti Trehan, scientifique de données, CIMT, ont présenté leurs recherches sur les tendances relatives aux compétences répertoriées dans les offres d’emploi en ligne afin de mieux comprendre les compétences les plus en demande. Ce projet de recherche utilise l'information mutuelle spécifique et d'autres méthodes pour extraire davantage d'informations sur les compétences communes à partir des relations entre les compétences, les professions et les régions.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Dans un marché du travail tendu, les demandeurs d'emploi acquièrent un pouvoir de négociation qui leur permet d'améliorer la qualité de leurs emplois — c'est du moins ce que l'on croit généralement.
Michael Willcox, économiste, CIMT, a présenté des résultats qui révèlent un affaiblissement de la relation entre le resserrement du marché du travail et les indicateurs de qualité de l'emploi à la suite de la pandémie. Le resserrement du marché du travail a coïncidé avec la croissance des salaires réels pour une partie seulement des travailleurs : ceux qui occupent des emplois peu rémunérés nécessitant peu d'éducation. Plusieurs facteurs — notamment la composition du marché du travail, le comportement des travailleurs et des employeurs, et les pratiques du marché du travail — ont contribué à l'absence d'avantages pour les travailleurs. Ces facteurs feront l'objet d'une étude plus approfondie dans le cadre de travaux futurs.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
Michael Willcox a fait une présentation sur le resserrement des marchés du travail et les solutions pour y faire face. Au cours de la période de questions, les membres de l’auditoire se sont montrés particulièrement intéressés par l’ampleur des investissements que les entreprises consacrent aux technologies à faible main-d’œuvre, par les différentes politiques susceptibles de remédier aux pénuries de main-d’œuvre et par le rôle de la productivité dans l’inadéquation entre les compétences et les exigences professionnelles.
Au cours de cette séance, Brittany Feor s’est penchée sur les salaires pour savoir s’ils suivent le rythme de l’inflation. Au cours de la période de questions, les membres de l’auditoire ont discuté de sujets potentiels de recherche, dont l’incidence du domaine de spécialisation (STIM et non-STIM) sur les écarts salariaux en fonction du genre et l’impact des politiques de congé parental sur la dynamique de la population active.
Dans une présentation fondée sur l’analyse et les résultats de travaux réalisés par Kashyap Arora, Anne-Lore Fraikin et Sukriti Trehan, Kashyap a décrit diverses méthodes permettant de mesurer les tendances de la demande de main-d’œuvre à partir des offres d’emploi en ligne et les résultats préliminaires de l’analyse de données recueillies par Vicinity Jobs. Au cours de la séance de questions, le public a discuté des différences entre les tendances des offres d’emploi en ligne et les postes vacants recensés par l’Enquête sur les postes vacants et les salaires (EPVS).
LMIC senior economist Brittany Feor presented on whether wages are keeping up with inflation. During the Q&A, audience members engaged in discussion about potential areas of future research, such as whether wage differences between genders could be influenced by the choice of STEM versus non-STEM fields, as well as examining the impact of parental leave policies on workforce dynamics.
In a presentation based on analysis and findings prepared by Kashyap Arora, Anne-Lore Fraikin, and Sukriti Trehan, Kashyap presented a selection of methods for assessing labour demand trends through online job postings, with preliminary results from Vicinity Jobs.
Michael Willcox presented on tight labour markets and how to plan for them at the Canadian Economics Association's 2023 conference. During the Q&A, audience members were particularly interested in exploring the extent of business investment in labour-saving technologies, examining policy options to address labour shortages, and understanding the crucial role that productivity plays in the mismatch between skills and job requirements.
Michael Willcox, LMIC economist, participated in a panel hosted by World Education Services (WES) at the 5th Metropolis Identities Summit to discuss how the employment rate of immigrant youth is lower compared to Canadian-born youth, but the gap is closing.
Tony Bonen, directeur général (intérimaire) au CIMT, a discuté les promesses et limites du moissonnage du web sur les offres d’emploi à l'atelier de travail sur les besoins non comblés en matière de main-d’œuvre bilingue du Conseil des ministres sur la francophonie canadienne
Le directeur général intérimaire Tony Bonen a été invité par l'Association canadienne des administrateurs de la législation ouvrière (ACALO) où il a parlé du resserrement du marché du travail, des pénuries de main-d'œuvre et de compétences, et de l'avenir du travail.
LMIC's acting executive director Tony Bonen was invited by the Canadian Association of Administrators of Labour Legislation (CAALL) where he spoke about labour market tightness, labour and skills shortages, and the future of work.
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Gender Earnings Differentials Across Earnings Quantiles: Evidence from the linked PSIS-T1FF through the ELMLP
1. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Gender Earnings Differentials
Across Earnings Quantiles
Evidence from the linked PSIS-T1FF through the ELMLP
(Preliminary Findings)
CRDCN Conference 2019
Presented by: Behnoush Amery
Young Jung, Elba Gomez, Tony Bonen
2. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Introduction
• From Census 1981 to 2016, the share of working-age population (15-64) with PSE increased
o 20 percentage points increase for women (from 36% to 56%)
o 12 percentage points increase for men (from 42% to 54%)
• Based on LFS 2018: 66% of labour force have PSE credentials
• This study investigates gender earnings differences across the earnings distribution using the newly released platform
ELMLP which provides opportunity to link administrative datasets
56%
36%
54%
42%
Women
Men
Labour force characteristics Women Men
Labour force with PSE credential 33.0% 32.9%
Share of employment for PSE holders 95.5% 95.2%
Portion employed full-time among PSE holders 78.9% 91.4%
3. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Data
• Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP) includes three core administrative datasets: Post-
secondary Student Information System (PSIS); Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS); and T1 Family
Files (T1FF)
• Caveat: employment information is limited (no information on occupations or hours of work)
o However, controlling for field of study would indirectly account for a significant part of the gender differences in
occupations as discussed in the literature
• Using the linked PSIS-T1FF data:
o Focus on graduate cohort 2010 – track them for 5 years since graduation, from 2011 to 2015
o Only Canadians (excluded international students)
o Included only those with paid-employment income (reported T4) in all 5 years (balanced panel)
o Excluded those with self-employment income in all 5 years and those who return to school for full-time studies
4. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Summary Statistics Table – 2010 PSE graduates Total Sample
690,720
Female
409,760
Male
340,040
Median age at graduation 25 25 25
Median T4 earnings (Year 1-Year 5) $40,600-$55,000 $39,000-$49,100 $43,300-$64,100
Credential
College-level certificate or diploma 39% 57% 43%
Bachelor’s degree 45% 62% 38%
Graduate degree (Master’s and PhD) 14% 58% 42%
Professional degree 2% 62% 38%
Field of study
Education 12% 76% 24%
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 3% 65% 35%
Humanities 4% 61% 39%
Social and behavioural sciences, and law 14% 70% 30%
Business, management and public administration 22% 60% 40%
Physical and life sciences, and technologies 3% 55% 45%
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 3% 32% 68%
Architecture, engineering and related technologies 15% 15% 85%
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2% 49% 51%
Health and related fields 19% 84% 16%
Personal, protective and transportation services 4% 40% 60%
5. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Average earnings between women and men across PSE
credentials over five years since graduation
6. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Increase in earnings differences between women and men
across five earnings quantiles for graduate degree holders
Year1
Year5
7. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Increase in earnings differences between women and men
across five earnings quantiles for all four credentials
8. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Pooled-OLS Quantile Regression – Preliminary Findings
All Credentials (690,720)
Coefficients Q10 Q25 Q50 Q75 Q90
Gender -1123.4*** -1674.2*** -2219.4*** -3449.6*** -6532.3***
(-9.23) (-11.31) (-16.45) (-20.97) (-22.77)
Gender x t=2 -3497.4*** -2946.5*** -2753.9*** -3523.0*** -5027.5***
(-17.86) (-14.50) (-14.71) (-15.03) (-12.47)
Gender x t=3 -6122.7*** -5297.3*** -5077.7*** -7068.6*** -9744.5***
(-26.64) (-24.38) (-25.55) (-28.45) (-22.79)
Gender x t=4 -9145.7*** -8024.1*** -7599.2*** -10222.1*** -14292.7***
(-38.05) (-36.81) (-37.01) (-39.75) (-31.57)
Gender x t=5 -10427.3*** -10510.5*** -9501.6*** -12032.0*** -16054.3***
(-37.37) (-42.84) (-45.59) (-44.65) (-33.02)
• Dependent Variable: Annual Earnings (T4E >0)
• Explanatory variables: gender, PSE credentials, fields of study, age, age squared, number of T4s, number of kids
***p<0.001
9. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Gender Earnings Differences (%) by Quantile – Graduate
degree
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1 2 3 4 5
Years since graduation
Q10
Q25
Q50
Q75
Q90
10. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Gender Earnings Differences (%) by Quantile – Bachelor’s
degree
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1 2 3 4 5
Years since graduation
Q10
Q25
Q50
Q75
Q90
11. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Gender Earnings Differences (%) by Quantile – College-level
degree
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
1 2 3 4 5
Q10
Q25
Q50
Q75
Q90
12. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Gender Earnings Differences (%) by Quantile – Professional
degree
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
1 2 3 4 5
Q10
Q25
Q50
Q75
Q90
13. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Next Steps
• Removing (most) part-time employments by dropping the lower earnings quantile
• Apply more age restriction: 20-40 years-old (90% of the sample)
• Controlling for EI beneficiary users
• Matching sample to make more apple to apple comparison
• Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition
• Use occupational information after Census has linked to ELMLP datasets
14. LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION COUNCIL
CONSEIL DE L’INFORMATION SUR LE MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL
Thank you
Research Team at LMIC:
• Behnoush Amery, Senior Economist behnoush.amery@lmic-cimt.ca
• Young Jung, Economist young.jung@lmic-cimt.ca
• Elba Gomez, Economist elba.gomez@lmic-cimt.ca
• Tony Bonen, Director, Research, Data and Analytics tony.bonen@lmic-cimt.ca